Décoloniser Kateri Tekakwitha

Forum mondial théologie et libération, Montréal, 8 août 2016

Analysis of Global Compliance and Implementation of the Goals of International Environmental Treaties: A Case study of the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD)

The Convention on Biodiversity (CBD) was created in 1992 to coordinate global governments to protect biological resources. The CBD has three goals: protection of biodiversity, achievement of sustainable use of biodiversity and facilitation of equitable sharing of the benefits of biological resources. The goal of protecting biological resources has remained both controversial and difficult to implement. This study focused more on the goal of biodiversity protection. The research was designed to examine how globally constructed environmental policies get adapted by national governments and then passed down to local levels where actual implementation takes place. Effectiveness of such policies depends on the extent of actual implementation at local levels. Therefore, compliance was divided and examined at three levels: global, national and local. The study then developed various criteria to measure compliance at these levels. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyze compliance and implementation. The study was guided by three questions broadly examining critical factors that most influence the implementation of biodiversity protection policies at the global, national and local levels. Findings show that despite an overall biodiversity deficit of 0.9 hectares per person, global compliance with the CBD goals is currently at 35%. Compliance is lowest at local levels at 14%, it is slightly better at national level at 50%, and much better at the international level 64%. Compliance appears higher at both national and international levels because compliance here is paper work based and policy formulation. If implementation at local levels continues to produce this low compliance, overall conservation outcomes can only get worse than what it is at present. There are numerous weaknesses and capacity challenges countries are yet to address in their plans. In order to increase local level compliance, the study recommends a set of robust policies that build local capacity, incentivize local resource owners, and implement biodiversity protection programs that are akin to local needs and aspirations.

Best Practices: Lessons Learned by a South Florida Non-Profit Community Based Organization while Designing and Implementing a Career Exploration Evidence Informed Framework in Urban Communities

All A’s was designed to support of the agency’s family strengthening initiatives in South Florida. All A’s uses evidence informed strategies poised to be an inclusive curriculum that teaches self-determination and adaptive behavior skills. The framework incorporates problem based learning and adult learning theory and follows the Universal Design for Learning. Since 2012, the agency has served over 8500 youth and 4,000 adults using the framework. The framework addresses educational underachievement and career readiness in at risk populations. It is used to enhance participants AWARENESS of setting SMART goals to achieve future goals and career aspirations. Participants are provided with ACCESS to resources and opportunities for creating and implementing an ACTION plan as they pursue and ACHIEVE their goals. All A’s promotes protective factors and expose youth to career pathways in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) related fields. Youth participate in college tours, job site visits, job shadowing, high school visits, online college and career preparation assistance, service learning projects, STEM projects, and the Winning Futures© mentoring program. Adults are assisted with résumé development; learn job search strategies, interview techniques, job shadowing experiences, computer and financial literacy programs. Adults and youth are also given the opportunity to complete industry-recognized certifications in high demand industries (food service, general labor, and construction), and test preparation for the General Educational Development Test.

The Significance of the Disputed Territory in Bechuanaland 1887-1893

British Imperial policy in Southern Africa in the last three decades of the nineteenth century oscillated between two extremes. It began in the early 1870's with Lord Kimberley's attempt to effect confederation as a means of devolving Imperial responsibility and expenditure. It ended in 1899 with Britain's active intervention against the Boers. For most of the remaining years of those decades a middle course was adopted while the British Government struggled to reconcile its diverse political interests. Strategy, supremacy, economy, humanitarianism, and recognition of colonial aspirations were all at one time or another, in varying degrees, motivating forces behind Imperial policy. Many historians have pointed out how incompatible many of these ends were and how the attempt to pursue them all at once almost inevitably ended in at least one of them being sacrificed on the way. This study focusses on a relatively minor problem over a period of about seven years. It attempts to show how the British Government tried to reconcile, in this case, the predominant motives of economy and supremacy. The problem of the Disputed Territory now seems like a small fish in a big ocean because non the great hopes and fears that it raised were ever realized. But the anticlimactic nature of the outcome of events should not be allowed to conceal two important points: first, that the problem loomed large at the time in the eyes of the Imperial Government; and second, that in the case of its policy towards the Disputed Territory, the Government gained a greater degree of success in trying to reconcile seemingly incompatible ends than it did in many other instances.

International Sales of UK Television Content: Change and Continuity in ‘the space in between’ Production and Consumption

Focusing on the UK, this article addresses key issues facing the international distribution industry arising from over-the-top digital distribution and the fragmentation of audiences and revenues. Building on the identification of these issues, it investigates the extent to which UK distribution has altered over a ten-year period, pinpointing continuities in the destination and type of sales alongside changes in the role and structure of the industry as UK-based distributors adapt to a changing UK broadcasting landscape and global production environment. At one level increasing US ownership of UK-based distributors and the arrival of OTT players like Netflix, highlight the tensions between the national orientations of UK broadcasters and the global aspirations of independent producers and distributors. At another level VOD has boosted international sales of UK drama. Although the full impact of SVOD on content and rights has yet to materialise, significant changes in the industry predate the arrival of SVOD.

Margaret Thatcher, Dress and the Politics of Fashion

Through Margaret Thatcher’s private and public performances, the micro-politics of dress translated into the macro-politics of power. Thatcher’s changing career can be traced through her dress (see Young 1991: 416-417); analysis of her dress leading up to and during her Premiership reveals both her aspirations and increasing power. Understanding of Thatcher’s agency in her embodied, dressed performances can be informed and developed through Butler’s (1999) conceptualization of performativity. Through adaptation, repetition and divergent dress, Thatcher constructed different identities, some of which became iconic symbols of her self and her politics. Examination of Thatcher’s dress refines the understanding of the relationship between constraints and agency experienced by actors in the public realm. Upon becoming party leader, Margaret Thatcher’s gender, class and ideological viewpoints were incongruent with her unprecedented political status and she faced many challenges in attempting to overcome this. Dress became a potentially destabilising focus for her critics and symbolic of her “outsider” status. Yet in the face of these challenges she recognized and learned from the expectations of others, adapting and changing her dress. However, this was not an instantaneous, complete or permanent transformation. What Thatcher achieved, as she crafted her dressed performances, was agency over a further aspect of her life and her politics. There was also an evolving alignment of her dress with her political ideology and domestic and international roles over time.

British Romantic Criticism and the Fine Arts: A Study in Philosophical Theories of Literary Unity

This dissertation is an exploration of how a small but important group of Romantic critics, finding fault in the ideal of three unities developed by neoclassical Academicians and wrongly attributed to Aristotle, turned to the terminology and practices of the fine arts to emphasize their conception of organic unity in literature. The Romantic analogy to painting in particular enables a philosophical criticism of literature to present the aesthetic semblance of painting, the comprehension of a multitude of details in a harmonious whole that is a natural unity to its medium, as a paradigm of modern-romantic poetry and its aspirations to similar complexity, particularity, and imaginative colour. Further, in extension of the French Querelle des anciens et des modernes of the seventeenth century, the division of ancient and romantic art by Romantic critics like August Schlegel, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and William Hazlitt not only establishes an ethnological and historical difference between the artistic productions of these two cultural periods but also allows, unlike the neoclassical unities, a non-anachronistic philosophical vocabulary of whole and parts or of the general and particular in the criticism of poetry, which involution provides a “rule” more consonant with the laws of the imagination rather than with the rhetorical and absolutist dicta that were thither available in the literary canon.

Women’s football. Notes for a social history of women’s sport in Spain, 1900-1936

In the context of demands by the European feminist movement at the beginning of the 20th century, in Spain women’s sport flagged up aspirations to what were considered to be male practices. The first experiences of women in football stand out because of their use of the media to appear as a symbol of social transformation to modernity in the 20th century. It was not in vain that women’s football highlighted the demands of the feminist movements, although it did come up against male disapproval from an opposing group. The research sets out from a bibliographical and media review of specialist press and sports news of the time. Other current studies have also been considered in order to place it in a social and historical focus on sport. This has enabled us to highlight that football in Spain was established as an unequivocal space for (re) producing male hegemony where women were relegated to the representation of a symbolic ritual in a scenario of accessory and condescension.

"Éros" y poesía en "Fedro", "Banquete" y "República": la reelaboración platónica de los terrenos poéticos para la realidad y el deseo

El trabajo explica el vínculo existente entre las distintas concepciones platónicas del éros y de la poesía, como parte del legado poético del siglo v. Y analiza su evolución, y la de su relación con la filosofía, en Fedro, Banquete y República, como un proceso de destilación del éros elaborado por la poesía, del que es afín el éros filosófico configurado en el Fedro, pero cuya incompatibilidad, insinuada en el Banquete, se hace explícita y taxativa en la República. Todo ello con el fin de demostrar hasta qué punto asume el pensamiento de Platón la herencia poética precedente, poniendo en evidencia que dicho proceso responde, en todas sus fases, a un mismo objetivo: materializar el anhelo poético por excelencia: la creación de un «terreno intermedio» donde conciliar la irrenunciable dualidad de las aspiraciones humanas. En consecuencia, se invita aquí a mirar la ciudad platónica como materialización posible, no utópica, de un espacio logrado en el que integrar armónicamente la realidad y el deseo.

Commodification of retirement and the emergence of rural gated communities: The associated challenges for rural planning

Abstract:
This paper combines demographic ageing and retirement lifestyles with rural in-migration processes and suggests the emergence of a specific rural form of gated community; namely, park homes. All year round or permanent (as opposed to seasonal) residential mobile homes (resembling detached bungalows in design and appearance) are commonly referred to as 'park homes'. With a growing proportion of the UK population aged 65 and over, combined with increasing longevity, meeting the residential preferences and lifestyle aspirations of an ageing population is potentially 'big business' for the private sector. Park home living, with their resident age restrictions (normally 50 years and over), is increasingly marketed as a retirement option in rural and coastal locations of the UK. However, many areas are often remote with declining populations and limited community services. Operators have sought to tap into retiree aspirations for a 'place in the country' and 'sell' the concept of park home living as a specific form of housing, community and lifestyle. Park homes are frequently marketed as a means to release equity from the sale of a large family home to fund a retirement lifestyle and as friendly communities of like-minded people, always willing to lend support or provide assistance if required. The physical and social composition of such sites represent a form of rural gated community. This paper seeks to identify the rural planning issues which emerge from such developments and asks: who are moving to park home sites and why? do park homes provide those who otherwise could not afford a 'place in the country' the option of rural living? does park home living live-up to residents' expectations of the rural idyll or retirement lifestyle? do they give rise to issues of gentrification and geriatrification of the countryside? what are the prospects for residents to 'age in place'? might ageing residents become financially trapped in such developments giving rise to park ghettoization? what are the associated challenges for rural policy-makers and public service providers?

Reconsidering Partisan Memorial Landscapes in un-brotherly and disunited times

Cultural landscapes are the product of innumerable changes wrought by generations in order to meet their aspirations, vanities, ambitions and weaknesses (Sudjic 2006: p.326). The inescapable nature of architecture makes it the ideal vehicle for those in power to manifest their authority, taste and will in the landscape by the buildings and monuments they construct and conserve and also the historical events and myths they commemorate and disseminate.
In the 1960s, many Yugoslav landscapes were altered by the construction of abstract Partisan spomenik (monuments) which dominated the skylines of former battle sites. This paper will discuss the how the collapse of Socialist ‘regime of memory’ and Yugoslavia has left these landscapes as legacies of a lost world of yesterday. It will consider how changing values are reflected by physical landscape changes and also by how and which critical events are commemorated.

Widening Access to Higher Education through Partnership Working

This chapter considers the policy and practice of partnership working amongst educational organisations and related service providers as a means of promoting social inclusion in higher education (HE). It draws on an empirical study of partnership working in an area of England which has low levels of participation in HE, consistently performs poorly in national measures of educational achievement, and contains pockets of severe economic and social deprivation. The empirical research focuses on the work of senior managers from seventeen organisations who formed a sub-regional partnership as a strategy to raise aspirations, widen participation in HE and promote social inclusion.

Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics and the Controversy of the Russian Propaganda Laws: is the IOC Buckling Under the Pressure of its own Incoherence in Thought?

The Sochi Winter Olympics were a triumph in the eyes of Russia and the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Yet, a controversy around the introduction of anti-propaganda laws in Russia that had been criticised for being discriminatory marred the efforts of the IOC to fulfil its self proclaimed aspiration of ‘encouraging the harmonious development of man’. This article discusses the controversy utilising a legally pluralist approach to sports governance, and providing a critical reading of the practices of neoliberal globalisation that marked the issue of sexuality at the Sochi games. The paper argues that the legal influence of the IOC on domestic and international legal norms is contradictory and inconsistent. This, when considered alongside the aspirations of the IOC is significantly problematic and demonstrates the importance of investigating the underlying power structures of this influential international governing body.

Positive narratives: the stories young people with Social, Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties (SEBD) tell about their futures

This research drew on positive psychology in order to offer an optimistic way of conceptualising the lives of young people who are often described as having ‘SEBD’ (Social, emotional, behaviour difficulties), now SEMH (Social, emotional, mental health) in the new SEND Code of Practice (2014). Positive psychology places emphasis on: the future, strengths, resources and potential, and suggests that negative experiences can build positive qualities. A life path tool was used in order to hear the stories that eight young people tell about themselves in the future. Narrative Oriented Inquiry (NOI) was used to analyse the themes of potential and growth in their stories. The young people in this research identified a range of strengths and resources in their lives that they had built as a result of earlier negative experiences. Their stories reveal their hopes and aspirations for the future. By giving these young people the opportunity to tell their stories this research permitted them to focus on where they were going, rather than where they had been.

Les motifs de migration pour études des universitaires internationaux en région intermédiaire au Québec

Le nombre d’étudiantes et étudiants participant à une mobilité internationale étudiante a considérablement augmenté au cours des dernières années. Dans le contexte de la mondialisation, les activités d’internationalisation sont devenues une priorité des établissements d’enseignement (Association des collèges communautaires du Canada, 2010a). Le recrutement des étudiantes et étudiants étrangers apporte plusieurs avantages au pays et à l’établissement d’accueil (Ibid.). De ce fait, pour favoriser ce recrutement et la mobilité internationale étudiante, les gouvernements ont mis en place des politiques d’immigration et les universités ont signé différentes alliances et accords bilatéraux entre elles. Toutefois, si les mobilités se font principalement vers les pays industrialisés (Lerot, 2001), le Canada est en retard sur sa proportion de personnes étudiantes effectuant une mobilité internationale étudiante dans ses collèges et universités (Association des collèges communautaires du Canada, 2010b). De même que le Québec qui voit sa proportion de l’effectif total de ses étudiantes et étudiants étrangers diminuer, alors que celle-ci augmente dans les autres régions du Canada (McMullen et Élias, 2011). À cet effet, les universitaires représentent la majorité des étudiantes et étudiants étrangers au Québec (Gouvernement du Québec, 2014a), mais la proportion globale d’universitaires internationaux diffère selon le type de région. En ce sens, celle-ci est la moins élevée dans les régions intermédiaires et la plus élevée dans les régions centrales (Gouvernement du Québec, 2013, 2014b, 2015), alors que ces régions sont toutes deux des grands centres de population. Ainsi, pour contribuer à mieux saisir ce que recouvre cette moins grande attractivité des régions intermédiaires, la question générale de recherche est : quels sont les motifs de choix, à chacune des dimensions du choix du lieu d’étude, d’effectuer une mobilité internationale étudiante dans une université située en région intermédiaire au Québec ? Pour répondre à cette question, et en se basant sur un cadre d’analyse à deux dimensions et sur l’état de connaissances à ce sujet, quatre objectifs spécifiques sont définis : 1) décrire les motifs de migration pour études, 2) examiner les associations entre les motifs de choix dans chaque catégorie pour y déceler d’éventuels regroupements sous-jacents, 3) examiner les associations entre ces regroupements de motifs et les caractéristiques des personnes étudiantes (âge, sexe, pays d’origine, domaine d’études, etc.), 4) déterminer si le choix de l’établissement d’accueil se fait avant ou après le choix du pays d’accueil. Pour y répondre, une recherche quantitative descriptive corrélationnelle, utilisant une analyse d’interdépendance (analyse factorielle), est menée, à l’aide d’un questionnaire anonyme disponible en ligne qui intègre plusieurs échelles de mesure, auprès des universitaires internationaux inscrits pour la première fois à l’Université de Sherbrooke à l’automne 2014. Au total, l’échantillon se compose de 141 universitaires internationaux. Ils sont âgés de 17 à 29 ans, proviennent des différents domaines, cycles et régimes d’études et il y a autant d’hommes que de femmes qui composent l’échantillon. De plus, les trois quarts de l’échantillon sont originaires de la France. L’analyse des données recueillies dans le questionnaire montre que l’importance accordée aux items du questionnaire représentant les motifs de migration pour études varie selon les dimensions du choix du lieu d’étude et qu’il existe des écarts dans les résultats. Synthétisés en facteurs, les résultats font ressortir trois facteurs liés au pays d’origine qui interviennent dans le choix d’étudier à l’international : 1) PO_La pauvreté de l’enseignement, 2) PO_Les contextes politiques et économiques, 3) PO_Les politiques d’éducation, et quatre facteurs personnels qui interviennent dans ce choix : 1) PER_le désir d’exploration, 2) PER_Le désir de changement, 3) PER_Les considérations familiales, 4) PER_Les aspirations personnelles et professionnelles. Aussi, il y a sept facteurs de choix du pays d’accueil : 1) PA_Les perspectives d’avenir, 2) PA_L’information disponible, 3) PA_Le dépaysement, 4) PA_Les considérations culturelles, 5) PA_Les liens au pays d’origine et la sécurité, 6) PA_Le cadre financier et environnemental, 7) PA_Les relations sociales. Puis, les résultats décrivent quatre facteurs de choix de l’établissement d’accueil : 1) EA_Les services de l’établissement, 2) EA_La qualité de la formation offerte, 3) EA_L’accessibilité et l’ouverture, 4) EA_Les possibilités d’emploi et les partenariats. Parmi l’ensemble de ces facteurs, seul deux d’entre eux, PER_Le désir d’exploration et PA_Le dépaysement, ont en moyenne une importance élevée dans le choix des universitaires internationaux d’étudier en région intermédiaire au Québec, alors que les facteurs liés au pays d’origine ont quant à eux, de manière générale, peu ou pas d’influence. Toutefois, il existe des écarts parmi les personnes répondantes à l’étude et les résultats montrent la présence d’associations entre certains facteurs et des caractéristiques des personnes étudiantes, soit la nature de l’expérience à international, la durée du séjour et la provenance des répondantes et répondants selon la typologie économique et sociale des pays du monde, ce qui laisse supposer la présence de groupe parmi les personnes répondantes à l’étude. Ainsi, les différents résultats de l’étude pourraient servir de guide aux conseillers et conseillères d’orientation du Québec, intervenant auprès des universitaires internationaux en région intermédiaire dans cette province, ainsi qu’aux universités situées dans ces régions. En effet, ces résultats pourraient influencer la pratique des conseillers et conseillères d’orientation du Québec quant au principal défi des universitaires internationaux, et les universités pourraient adapter leurs stratégies de recrutement selon l’importance accordée aux différents facteurs de migration pour études et ainsi attirer un plus grand nombre d’étudiantes et étudiants étrangers.