Impact of colonic cleansing on quality and diagnostic yield of colonoscopy: the European Panel of Appropriateness of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy European multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: The quality of colon cleansing is a major determinant of quality of colonoscopy. To our knowledge, the impact of bowel preparation on the quality of colonoscopy has not been assessed prospectively in a large multicenter study. Therefore, this study assessed the factors that determine colon-cleansing quality and the impact of cleansing quality on the technical performance and diagnostic yield of colonoscopy. METHODS: Twenty-one centers from 11 countries participated in this prospective observational study. Colon-cleansing quality was assessed on a 5-point scale and was categorized on 3 levels. The clinical indication for colonoscopy, diagnoses, and technical parameters related to colonoscopy were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 5832 patients were included in the study (48.7% men, mean age 57.6 [15.9] years). Cleansing quality was lower in elderly patients and in patients in the hospital. Procedures in poorly prepared patients were longer, more difficult, and more often incomplete. The detection of polyps of any size depended on cleansing quality: odds ratio (OR) 1.73: 95% confidence interval (CI)[1.28, 2.36] for intermediate-quality compared with low-quality preparation; and OR 1.46: 95% CI[1.11, 1.93] for high-quality compared with low-quality preparation. For polyps >10 mm in size, corresponding ORs were 1.0 for low-quality cleansing, OR 1.83: 95% CI[1.11, 3.05] for intermediate-quality cleansing, and OR 1.72: 95% CI[1.11, 2.67] for high-quality cleansing. Cancers were not detected less frequently in the case of poor preparation. CONCLUSIONS: Cleansing quality critically determines quality, difficulty, speed, and completeness of colonoscopy, and is lower in hospitalized patients and patients with higher levels of comorbid conditions. The proportion of patients who undergo polypectomy increases with higher cleansing quality, whereas colon cancer detection does not seem to critically depend on the quality of bowel preparation.

3D seismic facies characterization and geological patterns recognition (Australian North West Shelf)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This PhD research, funded by the Swiss Sciences Foundation, is principally devoted to enhance the recognition, the visualisation and the characterization of geobodies through innovative 3D seismic approaches. A series of case studies from the Australian North West Shelf ensures the development of reproducible integrated 3D workflows and gives new insight into local and regional stratigraphic as well as structural issues. This project was initiated in year 2000 at the Geology and Palaeontology Institute of the University of Lausanne (Switzerland). Several collaborations ensured the improvement of technical approaches as well as the assessment of geological models. - Investigations into the Timor Sea structural style were carried out at the Tectonics Special Research Centre of the University of Western Australia and in collaboration with Woodside Energy in Perth. - Seismic analysis and attributes classification approach were initiated with Schlumberger Oilfield Australia in Perth; assessments and enhancements of the integrated seismic approaches benefited from collaborations with scientists from Schlumberger Stavanger Research (Norway). Adapting and refining from "linear" exploration techniques, a conceptual "helical" 3D seismic approach has been developed. In order to investigate specific geological issues this approach, integrating seismic attributes and visualisation tools, has been refined and adjusted leading to the development of two specific workflows: - A stratigraphic workflow focused on the recognition of geobodies and the characterization of depositional systems. Additionally, it can support the modelling of the subsidence and incidentally the constraint of the hydrocarbon maturity of a given area. - A structural workflow used to quickly and accurately define major and secondary fault systems. The integration of the 3D structural interpretation results ensures the analysis of the fault networks kinematics which can affect hydrocarbon trapping mechanisms. The application of these integrated workflows brings new insight into two complex settings on the Australian North West Shelf and ensures the definition of astonishing stratigraphic and structural outcomes. The stratigraphic workflow ensures the 3D characterization of the Late Palaeozoic glacial depositional system on the Mermaid Nose (Dampier Subbasin, Northern Carnarvon Basin) that presents similarities with the glacial facies along the Neotethys margin up to Oman (chapter 3.1). A subsidence model reveals the Phanerozoic geodynamic evolution of this area (chapter 3.2) and emphasizes two distinct mode of regional extension for the Palaeozoic (Neotethys opening) and Mesozoic (abyssal plains opening). The structural workflow is used for the definition of the structural evolution of the Laminaria High area (Bonaparte Basin). Following a regional structural characterization of the Timor Sea (chapter 4.1), a thorough analysis of the Mesozoic fault architecture reveals a local rotation of the stress field and the development of reverse structures (flower structures) in extensional setting, that form potential hydrocarbon traps (chapter 4.2). The definition of the complex Neogene structural architecture associated with the fault kinematic analysis and a plate flexure model (chapter 4.3) suggest that the Miocene to Pleistocene reactivation phases recorded at the Laminaria High most probably result from the oblique normal reactivation of the underlying Mesozoic fault planes. This episode is associated with the deformation of the subducting Australian plate. Based on these results three papers were published in international journals and two additional publications will be submitted. Additionally this research led to several communications in international conferences. Although the different workflows presented in this research have been primarily developed and used for the analysis of specific stratigraphic and structural geobodies on the Australian North West Shelf, similar integrated 3D seismic approaches will have applications to hydrocarbon exploration and production phases; for instance increasing the recognition of potential source rocks, secondary migration pathways, additional traps or reservoir breaching mechanisms. The new elements brought by this research further highlight that 3D seismic data contains a tremendous amount of hidden geological information waiting to be revealed and that will undoubtedly bring new insight into depositional systems, structural evolution and geohistory of the areas reputed being explored and constrained and other yet to be constrained. The further development of 3D texture attributes highlighting specific features of the seismic signal, the integration of quantitative analysis for stratigraphic and structural processes, the automation of the interpretation workflow as well as the formal definition of "seismo-morphologic" characteristics of a wide range of geobodies from various environments would represent challenging examples of continuation of this present research. The 21st century will most probably represent a transition period between fossil and other alternative energies. The next generation of seismic interpreters prospecting for hydrocarbon will undoubtedly face new challenges mostly due to the shortage of obvious and easy targets. They will probably have to keep on integrating techniques and geological processes in order to further capitalise the seismic data for new potentials definition. Imagination and creativity will most certainly be among the most important quality required from such geoscientists.

ANSA - Relatório Estatistico

Cereais: Da análise realizada nos dados do 4º trimestre de 2012, o abastecimento no conjunto dos cereais, aponta um ligeiro declíneo no stock final e stock médio, e aumentos na importação, e a disponibilidade média. ■ Neste mesmo periodo a disponibilidade total do conjunto dos cereais é de 32.296 tons, sendo 16.241 tons referente ao stock inicial, e 16.055 tons referente as importações do mesmo conjunto. A disponibilidade média mensal no trimestre é de 20.803 tons e cobre largamente as necessidades previstas do consumo médio mensal aparente que é de 7.056 tons por mês. Relativamente ao trimestre anterior registou-se um decréscimo das disponibilidades médias mensais do conjunto dos cereais da ordem do 18,8%. Este decréscimo teve maior destaque no arroz pela grande descida num valor de 32,7% no trimestre ■ O conjunto dos cereais, no final do 4º trimestre de 2012, totalizaram um stock de 16.241 tons, que vai coresponder um prazo de cobertura de 4,6 meses. Regista-se uma variação absoluta negativa entre o stock inicial e final no 4º trimestre de 2012 na ordem de 760 tons, no conjunto dos cereais, esta descida registou, no milho e no trigo, que apresentaram uma redução 4.412 tons e 1.352 tons respectivamente. ■ No 4º trimestre de 2012, a importação dos grandes operadores no conjunto dos cereais é de 16.055 tons, sendo no milho com 8.686 tons que representa a maior quantidade importada no ano 2012. Em relação ao trimestre anterior houve um aumento de 6.008 tons no conjunto dos cereais. ■ O consumo aparente do conjunto dos cereais neste periodo totalizou-se 21.168 tons, o arroz contribui com 7.171 tons para o total (33,9%) seguido do trigo com 5.842 tons do total (27,6%). Comparado com o trimestre anterior, registou-se uma queda de 1,0% no consumo dos cereais. O grau de utilização média mensal do trimestre das disponibilidades dos grandes operadores é de 33,9% contra o valor médio mensal de 28,2% verificado no trimestre anterior. ■ A distribuição inter-ilhas do conjunto dos cereais totalizou num valor de 7.927 tons, no qual 1.118 tons de milho, 1.798 tons do arroz e 5.012 tons da farinha de trigo ■ Neste trimestre, o preço do conjunto dos cereais teve ligeiros declíneos, com uma baixa no milho de 5,1% e no arroz de 1,7%. Na farinha de trigo registou-se um aumento de 3,2%. Açúcar: Com base nos dados do 4º trimestre de 2012, considera-se que o abastecimento do açúcar segue uma tendência favorável, com aumentos dos stoks, da importação e das disponibilidades médias . ■ Neste trimestre a disponibilidade total do açúcar é de 5.071 tons, sendo 2.618 tons do stock inicial e 2.453 tons da importação e cobre largamente às necessidades do consumo aparente que é de 2.095 tons. A disponibilidade média mensal do açúcar no trimestre é de 3.378 tons e em relação ao trimestre anterior verifica-se uma baixa de 4,5%. ■ No final do trimestre o stock do açúcar é de 2.976 tons e o prazo de cobertura é de 3,4 meses. A variação entre o stock inicial e final é de 358 tons. ■ O grau de utilização média mensal do trimestre das disponibilidades do açúcar dos grandes operadores é de 43,9%, estima-se que o consumo aparente médio é de 698 tons mensal. ■ Neste trimestre, a distribuição inter-ilhas total do açúcar é de 484 tons. Esta quantidade foi distribuida para todas as ilhas. ■ O preço de açúcar teve redução de 1,7% em relação ao trimestre anterior, e continua apontar uma diminuição para o próximo trimestre.

Viceordförande Arvo Hautala 21.3.1971 Helsingfors

Kirje

Herra Janne Marttiini 31/10 1963

Kirje 31.10.1963

Observaciones sobre la utilización y el crecimiento del pectinido Argopecten purpuratus (L) en el área de pesca de Pisco, Perú

El pectinido Argopecten purpuratus es uno de los moluscos comerciales más importantes del área pesquera de Pisco. El esfuerzo de pesca ha crecido violentamente durante la última década con el resultado que en las capturas predominan los individuos jóvenes y pequeños. Con frecuencia no se da cumplimiento al dispositivo legal que limita el desembarque a individuos mayores de 55 mm.. A f in de describir la actual situación del stock de conchas de abanico en el área de Pisco, fue necesario obtener datos de los desembarques de invertebrados. Para lo cual se tomaron algunas muestras al azar que coincidieron con los datos suministrados por el. Laboratorio de Pisco, del Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE). La composición de tamaños en las capturas se obtuvo mediante viajes con los pescadores. Los datos de crecimiento se obtuvieron mediante tres métodos: 1. El ''método de Petersen", 2. Lectura de anillos de crecimiento, y 3. Un experimento de cultivo de 3 meses. Los resultados indican que el Argopecten purpuratus es un pectínido de crecimiento relativamente rápido. Conchas de abanico jóvenes de 40-50 mm. de altura de la concha crecen cerca de 4-5 mm por mes en el verano. Un cálculo basado en los anillos de crecimiento indica que estas conchas de abanico alcanzan la altura de 40-50 mm en un año y la de 75-80 mm en dos. Finalmente, se obtuvo datos de captura por unidad de esfuerzo, de captura por área y de la densidad de la población en las áreas principales de pesca . Se llega a la conclusión que el actual stock de conchas de abanico está sobrepescado. Si se mantiene la misma intensidad de pesca debe esperarse una disminución del rendimiento. Se recomienda por lo tanto que se eleve el tamaño mínimo legal de 55 mm a 70 mm de altura de la concha, Esto debe conducir a un aumento de la biomasa y una mayor fecundidad del stock con el resultado de un aumento del rendimiento después de un periodo preliminar de bajas capturas.

Radiopuhe 22.4.1955

Puhe

Centro de Aprendizagem. Um trabalho monográfico de bacharelato

Em Cabo Verde e à semelhança de outras paragens, nota-se que as exigências feitas aos alunos vão no sentido de os mesmos adquirirem maior autonomia, capacidade de raciocínio, espírito inovador e de liderança, ao longo do processo ensino/aprendizagem. No entanto, pouco se tem feito para que isso aconteça. O projecto de um Centro de Aprendizagem no Ensino Superior Moderno2 foi algo idealizado e, consequentemente, realizado com uma intenção clara e objectiva de se promover as grandes linhas orientadoras traçadas pelos organismos internacionais que têm sob a sua alçada os desígnios da educação a nível mundial (i.e. UNESCO); são linhas que apontam para uma mudança de paradigma – do ensino para a aprendizagem, ou seja, estas linhas sublinham uma perspectiva que, sem discorrar do importante papel do professor no processo ensino/ aprendizagem, coloca a ênfase no aluno.

Kouvolan Sanomain Päätoimittaja 19/11 1974

Kirje 19.11.1974