Automatic classification of prostate stromal tissue in histological images using Haralick descriptors and Local Binary Patterns

In this paper we presente a classification system that uses a combination of texture features from stromal regions: Haralick features and Local Binary Patterns (LBP) in wavelet domain. The system has five steps for classification of the tissues. First, the stromal regions were detected and extracted using segmentation techniques based on thresholding and RGB colour space. Second, the Wavelet decomposition was applied in the extracted regions to obtain the Wavelet coefficients. Third, the Haralick and LBP features were extracted from the coefficients. Fourth, relevant features were selected using the ANOVA statistical method. The classication (fifth step) was performed with Radial Basis Function (RBF) networks. The system was tested in 105 prostate images, which were divided into three groups of 35 images: normal, hyperplastic and cancerous. The system performance was evaluated using the area under the ROC curve and resulted in 0.98 for normal versus cancer, 0.95 for hyperplasia versus cancer and 0.96 for normal versus hyperplasia. Our results suggest that texture features can be used as discriminators for stromal tissues prostate images. Furthermore, the system was effective to classify prostate images, specially the hyperplastic class which is the most difficult type in diagnosis and prognosis.

Prenatal exposure to testosterone masculinises the female gerbil and promotes the development of lesions in the prostate (Skene

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Rastreamento e detecção precose de doença aterosclerítica em pacientes com HIV positivo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Respostas metabólicas, morfologia do tecido muscular e expressão dos genes relacionados ao crescimento e à atrofia muscular durante o jejum e realimentação em juvenis de tilápia-do-Nilo

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Estratégias tolerogênicas antígeno-específicas visando profilaxia e terapia na artrite autoimune experimental

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cárie oculta extensa: relato de caso clínico

The pattern of caries lesions has been modified over decades. If the presence or absence of a caries lesion is based upon only a visual examination, its diagnosis might become underestimated since dentinal lesions underneath non cavitated or minimally demineralized enamel is highly frequent in dental clinics. The aim of this paper is to report a clinical case of a child with an upper molar with questionable occlusal aspect, presenting asymptomatic pulpal hyperplasia on the distolingual pit. Periapical radiographic examination was essential for diagnosing hidden caries and elaborating the treatment plan. As part of the approach, removal of the decayed tissue and pulpotomy with calcium hydroxide were performed. The association of an accurate visual examination to an adequate oral radiographyis is extremely important in cases which the presence of hidden caries is doubtful. As a result, an early diagnosis and the reduction of more invasive interventions related to the oral health care of pediatric patients can be achieved as well.

Tratamiento de la deformidad facial causada por la hiperplasia condilar: relato de caso

The condylar hyperplasia is an acquired development anomaly, rare, characterized by an excessive and progressive growing, affecting neck, condilar head, body and the mandible bough, provoking an important facial asymmetry. In the article we present a case of male patient, 22-years-old, reclaiming of painful sintomatology in the region of temporomandibular joint and severe facial asymmetry. It was instituted an orthodontic-surgical treatment by means of orthognathic combined surgery and high condilectomy. After six years of post-surgical controlling, the patient is now in a good shape, without recurrence of facial asymmetry and condylar hyperplasia.

Cirurgia estética para remoção de hiperplasia gengiva: granuloma piogênico

The pyogenic granuloma, a lesion considered hyperplastic regenerative inflammatory reaction is a finding commonly found in the oral cavity, affecting large numbers of individuals, being more prevalent in females. But its pathogenesis is not well defined and may be associated with numerous factors that stimulate tissue proliferation. Correct diagnosis and treatment plan are essential for success in approach, restoring function and aesthetics to the periodontal tissues. In agreement with the literature, the most common treatment and greater predictability is surgical removal, which involves resection of the lesion, together with its base inserted into the underlying tissue, periosteum and bone tissue. However, the excision can promote aesthetic defects, particularly in anterior regions where it is most affected. This article reports on the importance of a correct surgical approach for removal of pyogenic granuloma in the region of the interdental papilla between teeth 42 and 43, resulting in a good anatomical result and aesthetic.

Efeito dos hábitos comportamentais e gordura corporal sobre indicadores de risco cardiovasculares entre adolescentes: estudo de coorte de 12 meses

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Expressão de microRNAs envolvidos com o crescimento muscular do pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus): análises in vivo e in vitro

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Chronic reparative changes in medium-sized vessels in a case of primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma with angioinvasive features and cytotoxic phenotype: new histopathological findings in line with indolent clinical behavior

Angioinvasion/angiodestruction has been reported in a small subset of primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphomas (PCALCL). Recently, PCALCL with angioinvasive features and cytotoxic phenotype has been characterized as a variant associated with good clinical outcomes despite worrisome histopathologic features. We report a case of PCALCL with angioinvasive features and cytotoxic phenotype associated with reparative changes on the wall of medium-sized vessels involved by the neoplasm, including intimal fibroblastic proliferation and luminal obliteration. This vascular pattern, although previously unreported in PCALCL, is in accordance with the indolent behavior observed in this entity and provides a further link with lymphomatoid papulosis type E.

Evaluation of early changes induced by diuron in the rat urinary bladder using different processing methods for scanning electron microscopy

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Non-hematopoietic PAR-2 is essential for matriptase-driven pre-malignant progression and potentiation of ras-mediated squamous cell carcinogenesis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition occurs in preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of canine prostate

Background: The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential process in the tumor progression and metastasis. In human prostate carcinoma (PCa), the upregulation of cytokeratin and E-cadherin and down-regulation of vimentin have been associated with aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis. Due to the importance of canine cancer model it was evaluated the immunoexpression of AE1/AE3, E-cadherin and vimentin in canine prostatic lesions. Patients and Methods: A total of 75 prostatic tissues formalin-fixed paraffin embedded from dogs was selected: 10 normal prostatic tissues, 20 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 25 proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) and 20 PCa. AE1/AE3 was detected with a monoclonal antibody (Invitrogen, 180132) at a 1:300 dilution, applied for 45 min at room temperature (RT). The antibody against Vimentin (V9, Invitrogen) and E-cadherin (NCH-38, Dako cytomatiomn) were monoclonal mouse antibodies, used at a 1:300 and 1:200, respectively, for 45 min at RT. The immunolabelling was performed by a polymer method (Histofine, Nichirei Biosciences,). A negative control was performed for all antibodies by omitting the primary antibody and substituting with Tris-buffered saline. The percentage of C-MYC, E-cadherin, and p63- positive cells per lesion was evaluated according to Prowatke et al. (2007). The samples were scored separately according to staining intensity and graded semi-quantitatively as negative, weakly positive, moderately positive, and strongly positive. The score was done in one 400 magnification field, considering only the lesion, since this was done in a TMA core of 1 mm. For statistical analyses, the immunostaining classifications were reduced to two categories: negative and positive. The negative category included negative and weakly positive staining. Chi-square or Fisher exact test was used to determine the association between the categorical variables. Results: All prostatic normal and BPH tissue were positive for cytokeratin, E-cadherin and negative for vimentin. Similarly, all PIA samples were positive for AE1/AE3. From those samples, 48% (12/25) were also positive for vimentin. 55% of PCa (11/25) was positive for vimentin and among these samples 75% (6/11) was also positive for AE1/AE3 and 45% (5/11) was negative for AE1/AE3. PIA and PCa presented a higher number of vimentin positive cells when compared with normal tissue (p=0.032). E-cadherin expression had no statistical difference among diagnosis groups, but we found a higher number of positive cases, with more than 51% of positive immunostaining in BPH and PIA (81.25% and 78.60% of the cases, respectively) than in PCa (55.55%). Conclusion: The carcinogenesis process regarding prostatic epithelial cells in dogs showed higher vimentin protein expression associated with concomitant loss of the cytokeratin and E-cadherin, similar in humans.

Gastric and small intestinal lesions after partial stomach resection with Billroth II or Roux-en-Y reconstruction in the rat

The evolution and phenotypic expression of mucosal lesions of the gastric stump were investigated in male rats submitted to gastric resection with reconstruction by the Billroth II technique (BII with biliopancreatic reflux, BPR) or by the Roux-en-Y procedure (without BPR). Animals were studied at 24, 36, 54 and 64 weeks after surgery and the phenotypic expression of lesions analysed using routine hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining for pepsinogen isoenzyme 1 and histochemical procedures for mucins (paradoxical concanavalin A, galactose oxidase Schiff (GOS) and sialidase GOS reactions). BPR was found to be responsible for the formation of adenomatous hyperplasia (AH), increasing in incidence and size with time, since the Roux-en-Y procedure failed to induce the gastric stump lesions observed after BII reconstruction. AHs always occurred in the transition of the gastrojejunal junction, a site offering special conditions for BPR influence, and were classified as gastric (G), intestinal (I) and G+I types according to their phenotypic expression. No pure I type AH was diagnosed at any time point. The G and G+I types developed at approximately equal incidences (i.e., G type 7/17, G+I type 10/17 at the 64th week). It was suggested that both gastric and intestinal mucosal elements were stimulated to proliferate by BPR, with the gastric mucosa tending to demonstrate AH. Intestinal type components of AH were found adjacent to the jejunum and not at the stomach margin, indicating an origin from intestinal mucosa. No metaplasia of the gastric mucosa was observed in any animal after partial gastric resection. In 101 rats submitted to the BII procedure, 5 mucinous adenocarcinomas were eventually diagnosed, mostly located in the subserosa of the gastrojejunal junction. All carcinomas expressed the phenotype of cells of the small intestine. Evidence of malignant transformation within the gastric components of AH was not observed even at the 64th week. In conclusion, all lesions induced by BPR in the rat remnant stomach are benign, and the few true cancers that arise in association are derived from the small intestine.