738 resultados para broca-do-cacho


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A proteinaceous trypsin inhibitor was purified from Crotalaria pallida seeds by ammonium sulphate fractionation, affinity chromatography on immobilized Trypsin-Sepharose and TCA precipitation. The trypsin inhibitor, named ITC, had Mr of 32.5 kDa by SDS-PAGE and was composed by two subunits with 27.7 and 5.6 kDa linked by disulphide bridges, a typical characteristic of Kunitz-Inhibitor family. ITC was stable until 50°C, and at 100°C its residual activity was of about 60%. Also, ITC was stable at pHs 2 to 12. The inhibition of trypsin by ITC was non-competitive, with a Ki of 8,8 x 10-7M. ITC inhibits weakly other serine proteinases such as chymotrypsin and elastase. The inhibition of papain (44% of inhibition), a cysteine proteinase was an indicative of the bi-functionality of ITC. In vitro assays against digestive proteinases from several Lepdoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera pests were made. ITC inhibited in 100% digestive enzymes of Ceratitis capitata (fruit fly), Spodoptera frugiperda and Alabama argillacea, the last one being a cotton pest. It also inhibited in 74.4% Callosobruchus maculatus (bean weevil) digestive enzymes, a Coleoptera pest. ITC, when added in artificial diet models, affected weakly the development of C. capitata larvae and it had a WD50 of 2.65% to C. maculatus larvae

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Purpose. To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) before and after Laser In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK), measured by Diaton, Perkins, and noncontact air pulse tonometers. Methods. Fifty-seven patients with a mean age of 34.88 were scheduled for myopia LASIK treatment. Spherical equivalent refraction (SER), corneal curvature (K), and central corneal thickness (CCT) and superior corneal thickness (SCT) were obtained before and after LASIK surgery. IOP values before and after surgery were measured using Diaton, Perkins, and noncontact air pulse tonometers. Results. The IOP values before and after LASIK surgery using Perkins tonometer and air tonometers were statistically significant (). However, no significant differences were found () for IOP values measured with Diaton tonometer. CCT decreases significantly after surgery () but no statistical differences were found in SCT (). Correlations between pre- and postsurgery were found for all tonometers used, with and for the air pulse tonometer, and for Perkins, and and for Diaton. Conclusion. Transpalpebral tonometry may be useful for measuring postsurgery IOP after myopic LASIK ablation because this technique is not influenced by the treatment.

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The biochemistry of cheese ripening involves mechanisms such as glycolysis, proteolysis and lipolysis. Fatty acids are released by the action of lipases from different sources, milk, rennet, bacteria, moulds included as secondary starters, and other exogenous lipases, during lipolysis [1]. The composition of the lipid fraction contributes positively to the flavour of cheese, for being precursors of more complex aroma compounds responsible for the characteristic “goaty flavour” of goat cheeses [2]. Goat milk is recognized by its easier digestibility, alkalinity, buffering capacity and certain therapeutic values in medicine and human nutrition [3]. A high total content of fatty acids is strongly linked to a rancid and tart off flavour in goat milk and may be considered undesirable in most cheese varieties [4]. In this sense, the purpose of the present study was to examine the composition and changes in fatty acids and saponification value of goat cheese during curing period (2, 7 and 12 months). Goat cheese was made in industrial unit of Cachão - Mirandela (Trás-os- Montes) with raw milk Serrana goats’ race, salt and rennet from animal origin. During the first two months, the samples were stored in a ripening chamber (9.5-11 °C and RH 75-85%). From the second month to one year, the samples were stored in a preservation chamber (10.5-12 °C and RH 75-85%). The fatty acids profile of the inner part of the cheese was analyzed by gas-chromatography coupled to flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The degree of saponification was determined both in the crust and inside the cheese by HCl titration of ethanol KOH solution of the samples. Twenty-six fatty acids (FA) were identified and quantified in the inner part of the cheese (total fat was 45-46 g/100 g during the curing period). Saturated fatty acids (SFA) did not change up to 7 months of curing, increasing only after 12 months, being palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), myristic (C14:0) and capric (C10:0) acids the most abundant FA in this class. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) decreased only after 12 months, and oleic acid (C18:1) was the predominant FA. In polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) class, the most abundant were linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic (C18:3) acids, and followed the same tendency of MUFA. This is corroborated by an increase in the degree of saponification, either in the crust as in the inner part of the cheese, after 12 months of curing, probably related with the saturation of the fatty acids [3]. Extra-long curing can be done in cheeses produced with goat milk up to seven months of storage without changing the total fat and individual FA content.

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Interglacials, including the present (Holocene) period, are warm, low land ice extent (high sea level), end-members of glacial cycles. Based on a sea level definition, we identify eleven interglacials in the last 800,000years, a result that is robust to alternative definitions. Data compilations suggest that despite spatial heterogeneity, Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 5e (last interglacial) and 11c (similar to 400ka ago) were globally strong (warm), while MIS 13a (similar to 500ka ago) was cool at many locations. A step change in strength of interglacials at 450ka is apparent only in atmospheric CO2 and in Antarctic and deep ocean temperature. The onset of an interglacial (glacial termination) seems to require a reducing precession parameter (increasing Northern Hemisphere summer insolation), but this condition alone is insufficient. Terminations involve rapid, nonlinear, reactions of ice volume, CO2, and temperature to external astronomical forcing. The precise timing of events may be modulated by millennial-scale climate change that can lead to a contrasting timing of maximum interglacial intensity in each hemisphere. A variety of temporal trends is observed, such that maxima in the main records are observed either early or late in different interglacials. The end of an interglacial (glacial inception) is a slower process involving a global sequence of changes. Interglacials have been typically 10-30ka long. The combination of minimal reduction in northern summer insolation over the next few orbital cycles, owing to low eccentricity, and high atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations implies that the next glacial inception is many tens of millennia in the future.

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Em diferentes áreas da medicina existem processos cirúrgicos que envolvem a furação de tecido ósseo, dependendo o seu sucesso da conjugação de diversos parâmetros. A previsão e o controlo dos parâmetros envolvidos são fundamentais para a redução do dano no tecido ósseo. Este trabalho de investigação tem como objetivo avaliar o estado de tensão gerado durante o processo de furação utilizando materiais sólidos de espumas de poliuretano rígidas com características similares ao osso humano. Durante a furação dos materiais sólidos são utilizados métodos experimentais, baseados na extensometria e na termografia, para análise das deformações e da temperatura na broca. Os parâmetros envolvidos na furação são a velocidade de rotação e a geometria da broca constantes em diferentes testes, sendo variável a velocidade de avanço. Em simultâneo, foi desenvolvido um modelo numérico de formulação explícita, com recurso ao método de elementos finitos, através do programa LS-DYNA. Os resultados permitem obter o campo de tensões nos materiais sólidos em função dos diferentes parâmetros de furação. Para a mesma velocidade de rotação e geometria da broca, a diminuição na velocidade de avanço provoca o aumento do nível de tensão. Em relação à resistência mecânica da espuma de poliuretano rígida utilizada, e para a zona de medição instrumentada, não há registo de dano material. O dano é provocado na zona de furação pela remoção do material.

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Ao longo do processo de furação, muitas vezes utilizado para a fixação de implantes, é gerado um aumento de temperatura. Se o aumento da temperatura for acima dos 47˚ pode ocorrer a necrose do tecido ósseo com a consequente diminuição da eficiência do sistema de fixação. No presente estudo foram utilizados fémures de bovino ex-vivo com o objetivo de estudar o efeito da velocidade de rotação e diâmetro da broca no aumento de temperaturas durante o processo de furação.

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Durante o processo de furação, muitas vezes utilizado para a fixação de implantes, é gerado um aumento de temperatura na região do osso que se encontra sob o efeito de um processo de maquinagem. Se o aumento de temperatura for demasiado elevado pode ocorrer a necrose de tecido ósseo com a consequente diminuição da eficiência do sistema de fixação. Neste estudo foram utilizados fémures de bovino com o objetivo de estudar o efeito da velocidade de rotação e diâmetro da broca no aumento de temperatura durante o processo de furação. Os parâmetros definidos para a realização dos ensaios experimentais foram obtidos com base no método de Taguchi.

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Purpose: the aim of this pilot study was to test whether retinitis pigmentosa patients would benefit from filter contact lenses as an effective optical aid against glare and photophobia. Methods: fifteen subjects with retinitis pigmentosa were enrolled in this study. All of them were evaluated with filter soft contact lenses (MaxSight), filter glasses (CPF 527) and without filters (control). All patients were assessed for the three aid conditions by means of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity (without glare and with central and peripheral glare)(CSV-1000) and a specific subjective questionnaire about quality of vision. Results: BCVA was slightly better with filters than without filter but the differences were not statistically significant. Contrast sensitivity without glare improved significantly with the contact lenses (p<0.05). The central glare had significant differences for the frequencies of 3 cpd and 18 cpd between the contact lens filter and the control group (p=0.021 and p=0.044, respectively). For the peripheral glare contrast sensitivity improved with contact lens versus control group for highest frequencies, 12 and 18 cpd (p<0.001 and p=0.045, respectively). According to the questionnaire the contact lens filter gave them more visual comfort than the glasses filter under the scenarios of indoors glare, outdoors activities and indoors comfort. Conclusion: the filter contact lenses seem to be a good option to improve the quality of vision of patients with retinitis pigmentosa.

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Na formação inicial de Enfermagem os ensinos clínicos são um momento de consolidação de saberes teóricos e simultaneamente um momento de aquisição de saberes práticos em contexto real de trabalho. Este momento de formação é supervisionado por Enfermeiros da prática clínica que assumem um importante papel no processo de formação dos estudantes de enfermagem. Para consolidar este processo de ensino/aprendizagem a Ordem dos Enfermeiros desenvolveu um extenso trabalho que visa a certificação de Enfermeiros Supervisores, em que propõe que os Licenciados em Enfermagem, realizem um período de Exercício Profissional Tutelado, acompanhados por esse mesmo Enfermeiro Supervisor. Para que esse período ocorra é necessário a convergência de dois fatores, um é a existência de um Enfermeiro Supervisor certificado pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros, outro é a certificação do serviço onde esse exercício profissional tutelado decorra, num espaço onde exista Certificação de Serviço com Idoneidade Formativa certificada pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros. Para que tal aconteça é necessário que o supervisor e o serviço cumpram os critérios preconizados pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros. Este trabalho surge com o objetivo de certificar o Serviço de Medicina Interna do Hospital de São Bernardo como unidade de saúde com Idoneidade Formativa certificada pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros para o Exercício Profissional Tutelado, naquele que é inerente ao Modelo de Desenvolvimento Profissional proposto pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros

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La Ley 35/2015, de 22 de septiembre, establece un nuevo sistema para la valoración de los daños y perjuicios causados a las personas en accidentes de circulación, el cual incluye indemnizaciones cuya finalidad es compensar los perjuicios patrimoniales que sufren los perjudicados, ya se trate de lucro cesante o de daño emergente. Conforme a lo establecido en la propia Ley, las más relevantes de esas indemnizaciones requieren una valoración actuarial, siendo ése el caso de la indemnización por necesidad de ayuda de tercera persona. El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar la metodología de valoración actuarial que, para esta indemnización, se incluye en las “Bases Técnicas Actuariales del Baremo”, así como las hipótesis biométricas y económico-financieras que se asumen y los resultados que se obtienen; y todo ello en el marco de los principios y criterios que la Ley 35/2015 establece con carácter general para el sistema y en particular para dicha indemnización.

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Polymer matrix composites offer advantages for many applications due their combination of properties, which includes low density, high specific strength and modulus of elasticity and corrosion resistance. However, the application of non-destructive techniques using magnetic sensors for the evaluation these materials is not possible since the materials are non-magnetizable. Ferrites are materials with excellent magnetic properties, chemical stability and corrosion resistance. Due to these properties, these materials are promising for the development of polymer composites with magnetic properties. In this work, glass fiber / epoxy circular plates were produced with 10 wt% of cobalt or barium ferrite particles. The cobalt ferrite was synthesized by the Pechini method. The commercial barium ferrite was subjected to a milling process to study the effect of particle size on the magnetic properties of the material. The characterization of the ferrites was carried out by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Circular notches of 1, 5 and 10 mm diameter were introduced in the composite plates using a drill bit for the non-destructive evaluation by the technique of magnetic flux leakage (MFL). The results indicated that the magnetic signals measured in plates with barium ferrite without milling and cobalt ferrite showed good correlation with the presence of notches. The milling process for 12 h and 20 h did not contribute to improve the identification of smaller size notches (1 mm). However, the smaller particle size produced smoother magnetic curves, with fewer discontinuities and improved signal-to-noise ratio. In summary, the results suggest that the proposed approach has great potential for the detection of damage in polymer composites structures

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Tese de doutoramento em Paleontologia. Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Univ. do Algarve, 2005

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Metal-ceramic interfaces are present in tricone drill bits with hard ceramic inserts for oil well drilling operations. The combination of actions of cutting, crushing and breaking up of rocks results in the degradation of tricone drill bits by wear, total or partial rupture of the drill bit body or the ceramic inserts, thermal shock and corrosion. Also the improper pressfitting of the ceramic inserts on the bit body may cause its total detachment, and promote serious damages to the drill bit. The improvement on the production process of metal-ceramic interfaces can eliminate or minimize some of above-mentioned failures presented in tricone drill bits, optimizing their lifetime and so reducing drilling metric cost. Brazing is a widely established technique to join metal-ceramic materials, and may be an excellent alternative to the common mechanical press fitting process of hard ceramic inserts on the steel bit body for tricone drill bit. Wetting phenomena plays an essential role in the production of metal/ceramic interfaces when a liquid phase is present in the process. In this work, 72Silver-28Copper eutectic based brazing alloys were melted onto zirconia, silicon nitride and tungsten carbide/Co substrates under high vacuum. Contact angle evolution was measured and graphically plotted, and the interfaces produced were analysed by SEM-EDX. The AgCu eutectic alloy did not wet any ceramic substrates, showing high contact angles, and so without chemical interaction between the materials. Better results were found for the systemns containing 3%wt of titanium in the AgCu alloy. The presence os titanium as a solute in the alloy produces wettable cand termodinamically stable compounds, increasing the ceramics wetting beahviour

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Neste trabalho sao relatados: a importancia economica do tomateiro, a melhor epoca de seu plantio, e as principais pragas que limitam a producao do tomate industrial na regiao do submedio Sao Francisco. As pragas sao: a traca-do-tomateiro, Scrobipalpula absoluta; o microacaro ou acaro-do-bronzeamento, Aculops lycopersici; o acaro-vermelho, Tetranychus evansi; a broca-dos-frutos, Heliothis zea e Pseudoplusia oo; a larva-minadora, Liromyza sativae e a lagarta-rosca Agrotis ipsilon.

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A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de avaliar a incidência e evolução das principais pragas e doenças do cafeeiro em agroecossistemas sob manejo convencional, organo-mineral, orgânico e agroflorestal nos municípios sul mineiros de Machado e Poço-Fundo. Foram realizados monitoramentos mensais do bicho-mineiro (Leucoptera coffeella), broca-do-café (Hypothenemus hampei), ferrugem (Hemileia vastatrix) e da cercosporiose (Cercospora coffeicola) por um período de um ano (dez/2007 a nov/2008) em lavouras da variedade Mundo Novo sob diferentes manejos. O monitoramento do bichomineiro e das doenças do cafeeiro foi realizado através da coleta de dez folhas do terceiro ou quarto par em todos os lados do cafeeiro, sendo amostradas vinte plantas por agroecossistema, totalizando duzentas folhas coletadas para avaliação dessas moléstias em cada sistema. Para o monitoramento da brocado- café selecionou-se 32 plantas, seis pontos diferentes em cada planta (10 frutos agrupados por ponto estabelecido) e realizou-se avaliação nãodestrutiva. Em todos os agroecossistemas monitorados, ambos manejados pela agricultura familiar, a infestação da broca-do-café e do bicho-mineiro não atingiram nível de dano econômico em nenhuma avaliação. Com relação às doenças avaliadas, observou-se que tanto a ferrugem como a cercosporiose atingiram nível de dano econômico em todos os sistemas de manejo. No entanto, nos sistemas organo-mineral, orgânico (monocultivo) e agroflorestal (diversificado) a ocorrência da ferrugem foi crítica, atingindo índices elevados nos meses de abril a outubro de 2008, registrando-se valores acima de 60% de incidência em quatro meses de avaliação. A incidência da cercosporiose foi relativamente menor no sistema convencional e orgânico (monocultivo), cujos picos não ultrapassaram 41% e 55%, consecutivamente. Já no sistema organomineral e agroflorestal (orgânico) a ocorrência da cercosporiose atingiu níveis muito elevados, chegando a 76% e 67%, respectivamente, no mês de julho. Apesar dos elevados níveis de incidência da ferrugem e cercosporiose encontrados nos agroecossistemas cafeeiros organo-mineral e orgânico, a produtividade média alcançada por esses sistemas nos últimos três anos foi superior ao convencional, mesmo esse último sistema investindo pesado em agrotóxicos e fertilizantes químicos.