D’abord, ensuite, enfin et 0, De plus: Organisation textuelle par des séries linéaires dans les articles de recherche

The study examines the signalling of text organisation in research articles (RA) in French. The work concentrates on a particular type of organisation provided by text sequences, i.e. structures organising text to items of which at least some are signalled by markers of addition or order: First… 0… The third point… In addition… / Premièrement… 0… Le troisième point… De plus… By indicating the way the text is organised, these structures guide the reader in the reading process so that he doesn’t need to interpret the text structure himself. The aim of the work is to study factors affecting the marking of text sequences. Why is their structure sometimes signalled explicitly by markers such as secondly, whereas in other places such markers are not used? The corpus is manually XML-annotated and consists of 90 RAs (~800 000 words) in French from the fields of linguistics, education and history. The analysis highlights several factors affecting the marking of text sequences. First, exact markers (such as fist ) seem to be more frequent in sequences where all the items are explicitly signalled by a marker, whereas additive markers (such as moreover) are used in sequences with both explicitly signalled and unmarked items. The marking of explicitly signalled sequences seems thus to be precise and even repetitive, whereas the signalling of sequences with unmarked items is altogether more vague. Second, the marking of text sequences seems to depend on the length of the text. The longer the text segment, the more vague the marking. Additive markers and unmarked items are more frequent in longer sequences possibly covering several pages, whereas shorter sequences are often signalled explicitly by exact markers. Also the marker types vary according to the sequence length. Anaphoric expressions, such as first, are fairly close to their referents and are used in short sequences, connectors, such as secondly, are frequently used in sequences of intermediate length, whereas the longest sequences are often signalled by constructions composed of an ordinal and a noun acting as a subject of the sentence: The first item is… Finally, the marking of text organisation depends also on the discipline the RA belongs to. In linguistics, the marking is fairly frequent and precise; exact markers such as second are the most used, and structures with unmarked items are less common. Similarly, the marking is fairly frequent in education. In this field, however, it is also less precise than in linguistics, with frequent unmarked items and additive markers. History, on the other hand, is characterised by less frequent marking. In addition, when used, the marking in this field is also less precise and less explicit.

Simulação das perdas de água por evaporação e arraste, no aspersor NY-7 (4,6 mm x 4,0 mm), em sistemas de aspersão convencional

As perdas de água por evaporação e arraste em sistemas de irrigação por aspersão podem assumir valores consideráveis, reduzindo a eficiência do sistema. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram avaliar a capacidade preditiva de cinco modelos empíricos para estimar perdas de água por evaporação e arraste em aspersores modelo NY-7 (bocais de 4,6 mm x 4,0 mm), trabalhando sob diferentes condições operacionais e ambientais, e ajustar modelos específicos para o aspersor NY-7. Comparando os resultados medidos em ensaios de campo, com os resultados simulados, foi possível concluir que os cinco modelos empíricos considerados apresentaram pouca ou nenhuma adequação, tanto para os ensaios com um único aspersor (quadrado do erro-médio de 5,27; 20,70; 5,07; 6,95 e 7,06% para os modelos empíricos 1; 2; 3; 4 e 5, respectivamente) quanto para os ensaios com linhas laterais contendo aspersores (quadrado do erro-médio de 7,41; 24,43; 6,72; 3,16 e 2,9% para os modelos empíricos 1; 2; 3; 4 e 5, respectivamente). Comparados aos cinco modelos empíricos considerados, os novos modelos ajustados apresentaram menores erros, indicando que a aplicação de modelos empíricos deve ser limitada às condições de operação (diâmetro de bocal, pressão de operação, etc.) similares àquelas em que os modelos foram desenvolvidos.

Uudet kuvailusäännöt ja tietokantojen 0-alueen konversio

Esitys Arto-päivässä 9.5.2012

Estudo experimental comparando o uso do 2-octil cianoAcrilato ao nylon 4-0 na sutura da pele

OBJETIVO: Comparar o 2-octil cianoacrilato com o fio de "nylon" no fechamento da pele em ratos. MÉTODOS: Vinte e cinco ratos da linhagem Wistar, foram submetidos à incisão de 3 cm de cada lado do abdome. A síntese foi feita utilizando em um dos lados o "nylon" 4.0, pontos intradérmicos, e do outro o 2-octil cianoacrilato. Após sete dias, o fio foi removido e as incisões, analisadas quanto às complicações. Após 40 dias, o resultado da cicatriz foi avaliado. Os ratos foram sacrificados, as cicatrizes foram ressecadas, fixadas e enviadas ao patologista, sem informação sobre qual o método utilizado. RESULTADOS: Houve dois óbitos durante a anestesia e um tardio. O tempo de operação foi de 136 segundos com a cola e 176 segundos, com o "nylon" (P=0,003). Dentre as 50 operações realizadas, as complicações foram: um hematoma com cada método (P=0,80), quinze deiscências da cola contra 11 do "nylon" (P=0,20), sete cicatrizes de aspecto ruim ou razoável da cola contra quatro do "nylon" (P=0,30), três infecções na cola contra duas (P=0,40). Ao exame patológico, a mediana da largura da cicatriz foi de 1.119 micra com a cola e 1.800 com o "nylon" (P=0,40). A espessura foi de 1.795 contra 1.705 micra (P=0,40). CONCLUSÃO: O 2-octil cianoacrilato apresentou o mesmo aspecto cicatricial, a mesma resistência e as mesmas complicações que a sutura com o "nylon" 4.0, porém permitindo redução no tempo cirúrgico.

Post-industrial 2.0 – Social Web as the second coming of the post-industrial society

This study presents a review of theories of the so-called post-industrial society, and proposes that the concept of post-industrial society can be used to understand the recent developments of the World Wide Web, often described as Web 2.0 or social Web. The study combines theories ranging from post-war management science and cultural studies to software development, and tries to build a holistic view of the development of the post-industrial society, and especially the Internet. The discourse on the emergence of a post-industrial society after the World Wars has addressed the ways in which the growing importance of information, and innovations in digital communications technology, are changing our society. It is furthermore deeply connected with the discourse on the postmodern society, which emphasizes cultural fragmentation, intertextuality, and pluralism. The Internet age is characterized by increasing masses of information that are managed through various technologies. While 1990s Internet technologies often used the network as a traditional broadcasting channel with added interactivity, Web 2.0 technologies are specifically designed to utilize the network model by facilitating communication between various services and devices, and analyzing the relationships between users and objects in order to produce intelligent insight. The wide adoption of the Internet, and recently of Internet-enabled mobile devices, is furthermore continuously producing new ways of communicating, consuming, and producing. Applications of the social Web, such as social media or social networking services, are permanently changing our traditional social, cultural, and economic practices. The study first presents an overview of the post-industrial society, the Internet, and the concept of Web 2.0. Then the concept of social Web is described with an analysis of the term social media, the brief histories of the interactive Web and social networking services, and a description of the concept ―long tail‖, used to represent the masses of information available in the Web that do not receive mainstream attention. Finally, methods for retrieving and filtering information, modeling social and cultural relationships, and communicating with customers, are presented.

Incidência de infecção do sítio cirúrgico com o preparo pré-operatório utilizando iodopolividona 10% hidroalcoólica e clorexidina alcoólica 0,5%

OBJETIVO: analisar a incidência de infecção do sítio cirúrgico, quando o preparo pré-operatório da pele foi realizado com iodopolividona 10% em solução hidroalcoólica e clorexidina 0,5% alcoólica, MÉTODOS: estudo longitudinal randomizado, a partir de variáveis obtidas de pacientes submetidos à operações limpas e potencialmente contaminadas. Os envolvidos foram alocados em dois grupos. No grupo 1 (G1) participaram 102 pacientes com pele preparada com iodopolividona e do grupo 2 (G2) 103 que utilizaram clorexidina. No terceiro, sétimo e 30º dia de pós-operatório avaliou-se o sítio cirúrgico, buscando-se sinais de infecção. RESULTADOS: os dados relacionados ao perfil clínico como: diabete melito, tabagismo, alcoolismo, dados hematológicos (Hb, VG e leucócitos), idade e sexo, e as variáveis relativas como: número de dias de internamento pré-operatório, tricotomia, topografia da incisão, antibioticoprofilaxia e a participação de residentes na operação, não foram evidenciadas como fatores predisponentes a infecção do sítio cirúrgico. Dois pacientes do G1 e oito do G2 submetidos à operações limpas apresentaram algum tipo de infecção (p=0,1789), cinco do G1 e três do G2 submetidos à operações potencialmente contaminadas apresentaram algum tipo de infecção (p=0,7205). CONCLUSÃO: a incidência de infecção do sítio cirúrgico em operações classificadas como limpas e potencialmente contaminadas, cujo preparo da pele foi feito com iodopolividona 10% em solução hidroalcoólica e clorexidina alcoólica 0,5%, foi semelhante.

0-visio - teoriasta käytännöksi : Varsinais-Suomen ja Satakunnan maakuntien liikenneturvallisuussuunnitelma 2012-2016

Liikenneturvallisuus syntyy eri osapuolten toiminnan ja yhteistyön tuloksena. Poliitikot päättävät yhteiskunnan suunnittelusta ja liikennejärjestelmästä, suunnittelijat toteuttavat poliitikkojen tekemiä päätöksiä, virkamiehet laativat lakiehdotuksia ja sääntöjä, ELY-keskus ja kunnat vastaavat teistä ja niiden kunnosta, poliisi valvoo liikennesääntöjen noudattamista, Liikenneturva tiedottaa ja kouluttaa, yritykset, yhteisöt ja yksityiset ihmiset tilaavat ja käyttävät kuljetuspalveluja ja kaikki kuntalaiset osallistuvat liikenteeseen. Liikenneturvallisuussuunnitelma toimii työkaluna Varsinais-Suomen ja Satakunnan liikenneturvallisuustyössä. Alueellisen liikenneturvallisuustyön nollavisio ja tavoitteet asetettiin valtakunnallisen liikenneturvallisuussuunnitelman, alueen nykytila-analyysin sekä suunnitelman laadinnan aikana sidosryhmien kanssa käydyn keskustelun pohjalta. Nollavision mukaan kenenkään ei tarvitse kuolla tai loukkaantua vakavasti liikenteessä. Lisäksi visiona on vastuullinen liikkuminen, joka myös koetaan turvalliseksi. Seitsemän kohdan ohjelmaan nollavision toteuttamiseksi on tiivistetty tärkeimmät toimet. Yksilöityihin toimenpiteisiin on kirjattu maankäytön suunnitteluun, kestävään liikkumiseen, liikenneympäristöön ja liikennekäyttäytymiseen liittyviä toimenpiteitä. Lisäksi liikenneturvallisuusyhteistyöhön kohdistuvia toimenpiteitä sisältyy suunnitelmaan. Toimenpiteiden toteuttamisen vastuu- ja yhteistyötahoja on useita. Toimenpiteet kohdistuvat alueen tielläliikkujiin, organisaatioihin ja päätöksentekijöihin. Pitkän aikavälin ja valtakunnallisen tason toimenpiteet edesauttavat liikenneturvallisuuden kehittymistä toivottuun suuntaan. Vaikutustarkastelu osoittaa, että asetettujen tavoitteiden saavuttaminen vaatii laajaa keinovalikoimaa, usean toimijan välistä yhteistyötä sekä resursseja liikenneturvallisuustyöhön. Tämä liikenneturvallisuussuunnitelma haastaa eri hallinnonalat, viranomaiset, järjestöt ja yritykset omalta osaltaan toteuttamaan toimia, jotka vievät kohti nollavisiota. Suunnitelman toteutuminen edellyttää, että sillä on kuntien ja päättäjien tuki. Varsinais-Suomen ja Satakunnan liikenteen tulevaisuus kehittyy suunnitelman mukaisesti, jos liikenteen vastuunkantajat sitoutuvat suunnitelman vision periaatteisiin ja pitävät elämää suojelevia arvoja toimintansa perustana.

Seiberling hinnasto N:o 15 6.0.1933

kuv., 11 x 14 cm

Fatores perinatais associados a recém-nascidos de termo com pH<7,1 na artéria umbilical e índice de Apgar <7,0 no 5º minuto

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os fatores perinatais associados a recém-nascidos de termo com pH<7,1 na artéria umbilical e índice de Apgar no 5º min<7,0. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com delineamento caso-controle, realizado após revisão dos prontuários de todos os nascimentos ocorridos entre setembro/1998 e março/2008, no Hospital Geral de Caxias do Sul. Foi considerado fator de inclusão os recém-nascidos de termo que apresentaram índice de Apgar no 5º min <7,0 e pH de artéria umbilical <7,1. Na análise univariada foi utilizado o teste t de Student e Mann-Whitney para as variáveis contínuas, o teste do c² para as variáveis dicotômicas e estimativa de risco pelo odds ratio (OR). Foi utilizado um valor de p<0,05 como estatisticamente significativo. RESULTADOS: De um total de 15.495 nascimentos consecutivos observaram-se 25 neonatos (0,16%) de termo com pH<7,1 na artéria umbilical e índice de Apgar no 5º min <7,0. Apresentaram associação significativa com o evento acidótico a apresentação pélvica (OR=12,9; p<0,005), parto cesáreo (OR=3,5; p<0,01) e cardiotocografia intraparto alterada (OR=7,8; p<0,02). Dentre as características fetais, associaram-se o déficit de base (-15,0 versus -4,5; p<0,0001), necessidade de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal (OR=79,7; p<0,0001) e necessidade de reanimação (OR=12,2; p<0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: Baixo índice de Apgar no 5º min de vida associado a pH<7,1 na artéria umbilical pode predizer desfechos neonatais desfavoráveis.

Effects of topical 0.2% Cyclosporine A on corneal neovascularization induced by xenologous amniotic membrane implantation into a corneal stroma micropocket of rats

The objective of the study was to evaluate the topical effects of 0.2% Cyclosporine A (CsA) on corneal neovascularization of rats following surgical implantation of equine amniotic membrane into a corneal stroma micropocket. The implantation of xenologous amniotic membrane was performed bilaterally in 90 rats. In the same day of the surgery each right eye started receiving topical CsA twice a day. The left eye received no medication and served as a control. The evaluation of corneal neovascularization was performed by computerized image analysis and histopathological evaluation at 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days postoperatively. For the image analysis 10 animals were used per time period, and for the histopathological examination, five animals were used per time period. Image analysis found that corneal neovascularization began on the 3rd postoperative day, reached its peak on the 7th day, and then progressively and rapidly decreased. Statistic analysis indicated that neovascularization of the CsA treated eye on the 7th day was significantly higher than that observed in untreated eyes. On the 30th day, however, this pattern was reversed with the neovascularization observed in the CsA treated eyes declining to the low levels observed on the 3rd day. The degree of neovascularization in the untreated eyes on the 30th day declined to the baseline levels found on day 3 at the 60th day. Histopathological analysis indicated that deposition of collagen in the implanted tissue was completed by the 15th day. Therefore, we concluded that (1) equine amniotic membrane in rat corneal stroma produced an intense neovascularization until the 15th day postoperatively and then regressed, (2) deposition of collagen of the implanted tissue was completed on the 15th day postoperatively, and (3) use of CsA was associated with increase in the corneal neovascularization initially, followed by a quick and intense regression.

DEVELOPING SOCIAL CAPITAL WITHIN COMPANIES THROUGH ENTERPRISE 2.0

Whereas external social media has been studied, hyped and integrated into companies´ strategies, an insignificant concentration has been put on internal social solutions, which companies provide increasingly to their personnel. An enterprise focusing solely on the benefits of external social media might end up underestimating the true potential embedded in social business. The purpose of this thesis was to examine how social collaboration can be depicted as a structuration process in an Enterprise 2.0 environment. Furthermore, this thesis sought to reveal the benefits, challenges and possibilities of social business. This thesis focused on researching Enterprise 2.0 at the workplace. The studied Enterprise 2.0 solution was IBM Connections. The qualitative research methodology was an extensive case study. Three companies took part into this thesis and all in all 12 employees were interviewed. Additionally, seven IBM Social Business Experts were interviewed in order to receive a better understanding of the phenomenon. Three research questions were designed to fulfill the purpose of this thesis. The research questions were: 1. How are the dimensions of social capital structured through collaboration? 2. How does agency form in Enterprise 2.0? 3. How does social collaboration emerge as a result of the interplay between agency and dimensions of social capital in an Enterprise 2.0 environment and creates outcomes such as trust, identification and knowledge? The main research findings indicate that social collaboration increases trust, identification and knowledge by giving employees more capabilities to do their work. Consequently, social collaboration increases company performance by making individuals and groups more effective. The support of top management is crucial in making Enterprise 2.0 successful, because it is more a cultural than a technological change. Power agency, the lack of top management support and old established work ways such as email and databases work as barriers to social collaboration.