A new model construction by making a detour via intuitionistic theories I: Operational set theory without choice is Π1-equivalent to KP

We introduce a version of operational set theory, OST−, without a choice operation, which has a machinery for Δ0Δ0 separation based on truth functions and the separation operator, and a new kind of applicative set theory, so-called weak explicit set theory WEST, based on Gödel operations. We show that both the theories and Kripke–Platek set theory KPKP with infinity are pairwise Π1Π1 equivalent. We also show analogous assertions for subtheories with ∈-induction restricted in various ways and for supertheories extended by powerset, beta, limit and Mahlo operations. Whereas the upper bound is given by a refinement of inductive definition in KPKP, the lower bound is by a combination, in a specific way, of realisability, (intuitionistic) forcing and negative interpretations. Thus, despite interpretability between classical theories, we make “a detour via intuitionistic theories”. The combined interpretation, seen as a model construction in the sense of Visser's miniature model theory, is a new way of construction for classical theories and could be said the third kind of model construction ever used which is non-trivial on the logical connective level, after generic extension à la Cohen and Krivine's classical realisability model.

Prevalence of vascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus compared with type-1 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study of two cohorts.

OBJECTIVES Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with considerable cardiovascular morbidity that has not yet been directly compared with other diseases with known cardiovascular risk. METHODS Two hundred and forty-one patients of the multicentre Swiss SLE cohort study (SSCS) were cross-sectionally assessed for coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD). SLE patients were compared with a cohort of 193 patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus being followed at the University Hospital Basel. A subgroup analysis of 50 age- and sex-matched patients from the University Hospital Basel was performed. RESULTS Of patients within the SSCS 13.3% had one or more vascular events: 8.3% CHD, 5% CVD and 1.2% PAD. In type-1 diabetes mellitus patients, 15% had vascular events: 9.3% CHD, 3.1% CVD and 5.6% PAD. In the matched subgroup, 26% of SLE patients had vascular events (14% CHD) compared with 12% in type-1 DM patients (2% CHD). Cardiovascular risk factors were similar in both groups. Vascular events in SLE patients were associated with age, longer disease duration, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension. CONCLUSION Cardiovascular morbidity in SLE is at least as frequent as in age- and sex-matched type-1 diabetes mellitus patients. Therefore, aggressive screening and management of cardiovascular risk factors should be performed.

Triple-helix formation in the antiparallel binding motif of oligodeoxynucleotides containing N(9)- and N(7)-2-aminopurine deoxynucleosides

Triplex-forming oligodeoxynucleotide 15mers, designed to bind in the antiparallel triple-helical binding motif, containing single substitutions (Z) of the four isomeric alphaN(7)-, betaN(7)-, alphaN(9)- and betaN(9)-2-aminopurine (ap)-deoxyribonucleosides were prepared. Their association with double-stranded DNA targets containing all four natural base pairs (X-Y) opposite the aminopurine residues was determined by quantitative DNase I footprint titration in the absence of monovalent metal cations. The corresponding association constants were found to be in a rather narrow range between 1.0 x 10(6) and 1.3 x 10(8) M(-1). The following relative order in Z x X-Y base-triple stabilities was found: Z = alphaN(7)ap: T-A > A-T> C-G approximately G-C; Z = betaN(7)ap: A-T > C-G > G-C > T-A; Z = alphaN(9)ap: A-T = G-C > T-A > C-G; and Z = betaN(9)ap: G-C > A-T > C-G > T-A

Time trends in avoidable cancer mortality in Switzerland and neighbouring European countries 1996-2010.

QUESTION UNDER STUDY What are the trends in avoidable cancer mortality in Switzerland and neighbouring countries? METHODS Mortality data and population estimates 1996-2010 were obtained from the Swiss Federal Statistical Office for Switzerland and the World Health Organization Mortality Database (http://www.who.int/healthinfo/mortality_data/en/) for Austria, Germany, France and Italy. Age standardised mortality rates (ASMRs, European standard) per 100 000 person-years were calculated for the population <75 years old by sex for the following groups of cancer deaths: (1) avoidable through primary prevention; (2) avoidable through early detection and treatment; (3) avoidable through improved treatment and medical care; and (4) remaining cancer deaths. To assess time trends in ASMRs, estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. RESULTS In Switzerland and neighbouring countries cancer mortality in persons <75 years old continuously decreased 1996-2010. Avoidable cancer mortality decreased in all groups of avoidable cancer deaths in both sexes, with one exception. ASMRs for causes avoidable through primary prevention increased in females in all countries (in Switzerland from 16.2 to 20.3 per 100 000 person years, EAPC 2.0 [95% CI 1.4 to 2.6]). Compared with its neighbouring countries, Switzerland showed the lowest rates for all groups of avoidable cancer mortality in males 2008-2010. CONCLUSION Overall avoidable cancer mortality decreased, indicating achievements in cancer care and related health policies. However, increasing trends in avoidable cancer mortality through primary prevention for females suggest there is a need in Switzerland and its European neighbouring countries to improve primary prevention.

A certified plasmid reference material for the standardisation of BCR-ABL1 mRNA quantification by real-time quantitative PCR.

Serial quantification of BCR-ABL1 mRNA is an important therapeutic indicator in chronic myeloid leukaemia, but there is a substantial variation in results reported by different laboratories. To improve comparability, an internationally accepted plasmid certified reference material (CRM) was developed according to ISO Guide 34:2009. Fragments of BCR-ABL1 (e14a2 mRNA fusion), BCR and GUSB transcripts were amplified and cloned into pUC18 to yield plasmid pIRMM0099. Six different linearised plasmid solutions were produced with the following copy number concentrations, assigned by digital PCR, and expanded uncertainties: 1.08±0.13 × 10(6), 1.08±0.11 × 10(5), 1.03±0.10 × 10(4), 1.02±0.09 × 10(3), 1.04±0.10 × 10(2) and 10.0±1.5 copies/μl. The certification of the material for the number of specific DNA fragments per plasmid, copy number concentration of the plasmid solutions and the assessment of inter-unit heterogeneity and stability were performed according to ISO Guide 35:2006. Two suitability studies performed by 63 BCR-ABL1 testing laboratories demonstrated that this set of 6 plasmid CRMs can help to standardise a number of measured transcripts of e14a2 BCR-ABL1 and three control genes (ABL1, BCR and GUSB). The set of six plasmid CRMs is distributed worldwide by the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (Belgium) and its authorised distributors (https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/reference-materials/catalogue/; CRM code ERM-AD623a-f).

BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MURINE-TUMOR SPECIFIC TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS (ISOTACHOPHORESIS, IMMUNOGENICITY)

Tumor-specific transplantation antigens (TSTA) are individually distinct neoantigens expressed on the cells of chemically-induced neoplasms. TSTA are operationally defined by immunization of syngeneic mice against challenge with viable tumor cells. Immunization with cell surface or extracted TSTA induces specific resistance to transplanted tumor cells. The biological and biochemical nature of TSTA was investigated in the 3-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcomas of female C3H/HeJ mice, MCA-F and MCA-D. Tumor cell suspensions were extracted by treatment with 3M KCl or 2.5% butanol solutions and the TSTA was partially purified by preparative isoelectric focusing. The isoelectric pH of TSTA purified from 3M KCl extracts was 5.8-6.0, and from butanol extracts was 6.4-6.6. Whereas immunization with 10('5) and 10('6) irradiated tumor cells induces complete rejection of tumor cell challenge over a two-fold-log dose range, immunization with ug quantities within a one-fold-log dose range of extracted TSTA induces only partial resistance to tumor challenge. Reduced immunogenicity of extracted TSTA is hypothesized to result from immunization of mice with insufficiently purified TSTA preparations. The hypothesis predicts that immunization with highly purified TSTA, free from interfering substances, induces complete rejection of tumor challenge over a broad dose range. To test the hypothesis preparative isotachophoresis (pITP) was used to purify TSTA from electrofocused TSTA fractions. Significant purification was achieved, as immunization with 15 pg to 1.5 ug (5 logs) of pITP-purified TSTA extracted from the MCA-F, or with 1 pg to 10 ng (4 logs) of TSTA from the MCA-D tumor induced specific resistance to tumor challenge. Despite 50,000 fold purification of TSTA, immunization induced partial, not complete, rejection of transplanted tumor cells. This suggests a clear dissociation of the immunogenicity and purification of extracted TSTA, indicating that the induction of partial immunity to tumor challenge is an intrinsic property of extracted TSTA.^

THE EFFECT OF RELAXIN ON BIOCHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF RAT MYOMETRIAL CELLS IN CULTURE (CYCLIC-AMP, CELL SHAPE CHANGE)

Relaxin is able to inhibit spontaneous, oxytocin-and prostaglandin-driven uterine contractions. The intracellular mechanism of action of relaxin on uterine relaxation had previously been studied using isometrically suspended uterine strips. Since uterine strips contain stroma as well as myometrium, the changes in biochemical parameters induced by relaxin treatment may not occur in the same cell types responsible for the physical changes. In these studies, cultures of enriched populations of rat myometrial cells were used to investigate the effect of relaxin on biochemical and morphological parameters which are related to relaxation.^ Under optimal culture conditions (initial plating density 1 - 1.5 x 10('6)cells/ml, 3 ml/35 mm dish, 2 days culture), enzymatically isolated rat myometrial cells were able to respond to relaxin with cAMP elevation. Relaxin elevated cAMP levels in the presence but not the absence of 0.1 mM methylisobutylxanthine or 0.4 um forskolin in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, isoproterenol was able to elevate cAMP levels in the presence and absence of 0.1 mM methylisobutylxanthine.^ Oxytocin treatment caused a decrease in mean cell length and area of myometrial cells in culture which could be considered analogous to contraction. Under optimal culture conditions, relaxin increased myometrial cell length and area (i.e. analogous to relaxation) of oxytocin-treated cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Other relaxants such as isoproterenol and dibutyryl cAMP also increased cell length and area of oxytocin - treated myometrial cells in culture.^ Under optimal culture conditions, relaxin decreased myosin light chain kinase activity in a time-and concentration-dependent manner by increasing the K(,50) of the enzyme for calmodulin (CaM), i.e. decreasing the affinity of the enzyme for CaM. The decrease in the affinity of myosin light chain kinase for CaM may be due to the phosphorylation of the enzyme by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Relaxin also decreased the Ca('2+)(.)CaM-independent myosin light chain kinase activity to a lesser extent than that of the Ca('2+)(.)CaM-dependent enzyme activity. This was not attributable to a decrease in the affinity of the enzyme for myosin in myometrial cells in culture, in contrast to the finding of such a change following relaxin treatment of uterine strips. Further studies are required to clarify this point.^ There was a temporal association between the effects of relaxin on elevation of cAMP levels in the presence of 0.4 uM forskolin, increase in cell length and decrease in myosin light chain kinase activity. . . . (Author's abstract exceeds stipulated maximum length. Discontinued here with permission of author.) UMI ^

Die Mischna, 'Orla (Vorhaut) : [Seder 1, Zeraim, Traktat 10]

Text, Übers. u. Erklärung nebst e. textkrit. Anhang von Karl Albrecht

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 134 - Korrespondenzen im Zusammenhang der Sigmund-Freud-Gedächtnis-Vorlesungen 1956 u.a. mit Herbert Marcuse (p. IV 3, 1-255)

Sigmund-Freud-Gedächtnis-Vorlesungen (Sommer-Semester 1956): Korrespondenz und Aktennotizen von Max Horkheimer und Alexander Mitscherlich; Briefe u. a. von Franz Alexander, Michael Balint, Gustav Bally, Ludwig Binswanger, Helmut Coing, Erik Erikson, Heinz Hartmann, Theodor Heuss, Edoardo Krapf, Herbert Marcuse, Alexander Mitscherlich, Rene Spitz, Erwin Stengel, Robert Waelder, Frederik Wyatt, Hans Zulliger (Briefe zwischen Max Horkheimer und Alexander Mitscherlich sind nicht gesondert registriert); Norbert Altwicker: Korrespondenz im Auftrag von Max Horkheimer betrifft die Sigmund-Freud-Gedächtnis-Vorlesungen 1956; 1 Brief von Professor Helmut Coing (betrifft Sigmund-Freud-Gedächtnis-Vorlesungen 1956) an Max Horkheimer, Theodor Heuss, Georg August Zinn, das Hessische Kultusministerium, das Hessische Finanzministerium; Briefwechsel zwischen Bundespräsident Theodor Heuss und Max Horkheimer; 1 Brief von Helmut Coing an Theodor Heuss, 1956; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer und Alexander Mitscherlich an Ernest Jones, 1956; 6 Briefe zwischen Professor Franz Alexander und Max Horkheimer, 1955-1956; 3 Briefe zwischen Professor Gustav Bally und Max Horkheimer, 1955-1956; 4 Briefe zwischen Michael Balint und Max Horkheimer, 1955-1956; 3 Briefe zwischen Ludwig Binswanger und Max Horkheimer, 1956; 4 Briefe zwischen Professor Erik H. Erikson und Max Horkheimer, 1955-1956; 3 Briefe zwischen Professor Edoardo Krapf und Max Horkheimer, 1955-1956; 6 Briefe zwischen Professor Herbert Marcuse und Max Horkheimer, 1955-1956; 14 Briefe zwischen Renè A. Spitz und Max Horkheimer, 1956; 4 Briefe zwischen Professor Erwin Stengel und Max Horkheimer, 1955-1956; 4 Briefe zwischen Professor Frederick Wyatt und Max Horkheimer, 1956; 4 Briefe zwischen Hans Zulliger und Max Horkheimer, 1955-1957; 4 Briefe zwischen Heinz Hartmann (Psychoanalytiker) und Max Horkheimer; 1 Brief von Theodor W. Adorno an Heinz Hartmann, 1955-1957; 1 Brief von Robert Waelder an Max Horkheimer, 1956;

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 512 - Korrespondenzen mit Theodor W. Adorno (p. VI 3, 1 - 242)

Briefe zwischen Theodor W. Adorno, Gretel Adorno und Max Horkheimer; 1 Brief der Schauspielerin und Schriftstellerin Maria Burnati von Möllendorff an Theodor W. Adorno und Beilage, 17.11.1958; 6 Briefe zwischen Theodor W. Adorno und Alice Maier, 1958-1960; 1 Brief von Theodor W. Adorno an Stadtrat Keller, 17.04,1958; 1 Brief von Theodor W. Adorno an Helmut Viebrock, 27.03.1958;

Zircons, isotope ratios and element analyses from tonalite and oxide gabbro of the mid-ocean ridge from ODP Hole 176-735B

A limiting factor in the accuracy and precision of U/Pb zircon dates is accurate correction for initial disequilibrium in the 238U and 235U decay chains. The longest-lived-and therefore most abundant-intermediate daughter product in the 235U isotopic decay chain is 231Pa (T1/2 = 32.71 ka), and the partitioning behavior of Pa in zircon is not well constrained. Here we report high-precision thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) U-Pb zircon data from two samples from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 735B, which show evidence for incorporation of excess 231Pa during zircon crystallization. The most precise analyses from the two samples have consistent Th-corrected 206Pb/238U dates with weighted means of 11.9325 ± 0.0039 Ma (n = 9) and 11.920 ± 0.011 Ma (n = 4), but distinctly older 207Pb/235U dates that vary from 12.330 ± 0.048 Ma to 12.140 ± 0.044 Ma and 12.03 ± 0.24 to 12.40 ± 0.27 Ma, respectively. If the excess 207Pb is due to variable initial excess 231Pa, calculated initial (231Pa)/(235U) activity ratios for the two samples range from 5.6 ± 1.0 to 9.6 ± 1.1 and 3.5 ± 5.2 to 11.4 ± 5.8. The data from the more precisely dated sample yields estimated DPazircon/DUzircon from 2.2-3.8 and 5.6-9.6, assuming (231Pa)/(235U) of the melt equal to the global average of recently erupted mid-ocean ridge basaltic glasses or secular equilibrium, respectively. High precision ID-TIMS analyses from nine additional samples from Hole 735B and nearby Hole 1105A suggest similar partitioning. The lower range of DPazircon/DUzircon is consistent with ion microprobe measurements of 231Pa in zircons from Holocene and Pleistocene rhyolitic eruptions (Schmitt (2007; doi:10.2138/am.2007.2449) and Schmitt (2011; doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-040610-133330)). The data suggest that 231Pa is preferentially incorporated during zircon crystallization over a range of magmatic compositions, and excess initial 231Pa may be more common in zircons than acknowledged. The degree of initial disequilibrium in the 235U decay chain suggested by the data from this study, and other recent high precision datasets, leads to resolvable discordance in high precision dates of Cenozoic to Mesozoic zircons. Minor discordance in zircons of this age may therefore reflect initial excess 231Pa and does not require either inheritance or Pb loss.