Phylogeography unplugged: comparative surveys in the genomic era

In March 2012, the authors met at the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) in Durham, North Carolina, USA, to discuss approaches and cooperative ventures in Indo-Pacific phylogeography. The group emerged with a series of findings: (1) Marine population structure is complex, but single locus mtDNA studies continue to provide powerful first assessment of phylogeographic patterns. (2) These patterns gain greater significance/power when resolved in a diversity of taxa. New analytical tools are emerging to address these analyses with multi-taxon approaches. (3) Genome-wide analyses are warranted if selection is indicated by surveys of standard markers. Such indicators can include discordance between genetic loci, or between genetic loci and morphology. Phylogeographic information provides a valuable context for studies of selection and adaptation. (4) Phylogeographic inferences are greatly enhanced by an understanding of the biology and ecology of study organisms. (5) Thorough, range-wide sampling of taxa is the foundation for robust phylogeographic inference. (6) Congruent geographic and taxonomic sampling by the Indo-Pacific community of scientists would facilitate better comparative analyses. The group concluded that at this stage of technology and software development, judicious rather than wholesale application of genomics appears to be the most robust course for marine phylogeographic studies. Therefore, our group intends to affirm the value of traditional (''unplugged'') approaches, such as those based on mtDNA sequencing and microsatellites, along with essential field studies, in an era with increasing emphasis on genomic approaches.

beta gamma-fused turn structures in sugar amino acid (SAA) containing cyclic tetrapeptides with alpha 3 delta architecture

The current manuscript describes conformational analysis of 15-membered cyclic tetrapeptides (CTPs), with alpha 3 delta architecture, containing sugar amino acids (SAA) having variation in the stereocenter at C5 carbon. Conformational analyses of both the series, in protected and deprotected forms, were carried out in DMSO-d(6) using various NMR techniques, supported by restrained MD calculations. It was intriguing to notice that the alpha 3 delta macrocycles got stabilized by both 10-membered beta-turn as well as a seven-membered gamma-turn, fused within the same macrocycle. The presence of fused sub-structures within a 15-membered macrocycle is rare to see. Also, the stereocenter variation at C5 did not affect the fused turn structures and exhibited similar conformations in both the series. The design becomes highly advantageous as fused reverse turn structures are occurring in the cyclic structure with minimalistic size macrocycle and this can be applied to develop suitable pharmacophores in the drug development process. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The MBA-LBA I period in the Kourion region : new evidences from Erimi- Laonin tou Porakou (Lemesos, Cyprus)

The evidence from Erimi-Laonin tou Porakou within the Kouris valley settlement system can offer further new data to outline a picture of the development trends from MBA to LBA I periods in the Kourion region. As to this area, such a “transitional” phase could be particularly relevant to better understand the development process of the mature LBA II–III urban centers (in Alassa as well as the most recent discovered in Erimi-Pitharka). In 2008–2009 a focus investigation (an intensive survey, geoperspections and excavations) within the Kouris Valley Project has been addressed to the site of Erimi-Laonin tou Porakou, which lies on one of the highest hilltops facing southward the Kouris dam. The excavations evidenced a double circuit wall which surrounds the top mound and the lower terrace. The top mound (Area A) has been widely occupied by a complex workshop, directly linked with a storage area. The natural limestone bedrock has been worked out to arrange a system of carved deep basins connected each other by a series of flow channels. Southward from the workshop, a large storage area has been cleared, with a relevant assemblage of big pithoi and storage devices. The first lower terrace area (Area B) has been possibly occupied by a domestic quarter; a cemetery area (Area E) has been also evidenced outside the external circuit wall, where a series of five rock-cut tombs (Tombs 228– 232) with single chamber and small incoming dromoi has been excavated.

El desarrollo exportador de las pymes industriales españolas participantes en un consorcio de exportación: un estudio de caso

[ES] Pese a los recientes esfuerzos realizados para dinamizarlos desde los organismos públicos competentes españoles, aún son relativamente pocos los consorcios de exportación realmente exitosos en España frente a los que ni llegan a constituirse o apenas sobreviven un tiempo. Por otra parte, también son escasos los estudios nacionales existentes en esta área. Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de las fases del proceso del desarrollo exportador de algunas pymes industriales españolas que participan en un consorcio de exportación, así como en los factores que influyen en la elección y funcionamiento de este mecanismo institucional colaborativo potencialmente eficaz para penetrar con mayor éxito en los mercados exteriores.

Las estrategias de especialización inteligente: una estrategia territorial para las regiones

[ES] A pesar de que existe un amplio reconocimiento de que los territorios necesitan desarrollar estrategias de innovación para la construcción de ventajas competitivas, hasta ahora no han sido explicitados el contenido y las particularidades del término estrategia aplicado al ámbito territorial, por lo que se ha utilizado frecuentemente con significados ambiguos.

Developing and Validating Distance Learning Awards Guidance Document (MMU)

The principal purpose of this document is to assist programme teams throughout the development process when they are considering the development or review of a route through the award where it will be delivered wholly, or primarily, via online distance learning. Please note that this document is current as of Sept 2015 but it is considered to be an evolving document and is updated/tweaked from time to time.

Open Personalization: Involving Third Parties in Improving the User Experience of Websites

Traditional software development captures the user needs during the requirement analysis. The Web makes this endeavour even harder due to the difficulty to determine who these users are. In an attempt to tackle the heterogeneity of the user base, Web Personalization techniques are proposed to guide the users’ experience. In addition, Open Innovation allows organisations to look beyond their internal resources to develop new products or improve existing processes. This thesis sits in between by introducing Open Personalization as a means to incorporate actors other than webmasters in the personalization of web applications. The aim is to provide the technological basis that builds up a trusty environment for webmasters and companion actors to collaborate, i.e. "an architecture of participation". Such architecture very much depends on these actors’ profile. This work tackles three profiles (i.e. software partners, hobby programmers and end users), and proposes three "architectures of participation" tuned for each profile. Each architecture rests on different technologies: a .NET annotation library based on Inversion of Control for software partners, a Modding Interface in JavaScript for hobby programmers, and finally, a domain specific language for end-users. Proof-of-concept implementations are available for the three cases while a quantitative evaluation is conducted for the domain specific language.

Evaluación de la política de Espacios Naturales Protegidos: una propuesta metodológica para la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco

395 p.

In situ measurement of dissolved inorganic carbon speciation in natural waters, pH, pC02, TA, & TC02, Honolulu, Hawaii, February 16-18, 2005: workshop proceedings

The Alliance for Coastal Technology (ACT) convened a workshop on the in situ measurement of dissolved inorganic carbon species in natural waters in Honolulu, Hawaii, on February 16, 17, and 18, 2005. The workshop was designed to summarize existing technologies for measuring the abundance and speciation of dissolved inorganic carbon and to make strategic recommendations for future development and application of these technologies to coastal research and management. The workshop was not focused on any specific technology, however, most of the attention of the workshop was on in situ pC02 sensors given their recent development and use on moorings for the measurement of global carbon fluxes. In addition, the problems and limitations arising from the long-term deployment of systems designed for the measurement of pH, total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and total alkalinity (TA) were discussed. Participants included researchers involved in carbon biogeochemistry, industry representatives, and coastal resource managers. The primary questions asked during the workshop were: I. What are the major impediments to transform presently used shipboard pC02 measurement systems for use on cost-eficient moorings? 2. What are the major technical hurdles for the in situ measurement of TA and DIC? 3. What specific information do we need to coordinate efforts for proof of concept' testing of existing and new technologies, inter-calibration of those technologies, better software development, and more precise knowledge quantzjjing the geochemistry of dissolved inoeanic carbon species in order to develop an observing system for dissolved inorganic carbon? Based on the discussion resulting from these three questions, the following statements were made: Statement No. 1 Cost-effective, self-contained technologies for making long-term, accurate measurements of the partial pressure of C02 gas in water already exist and at present are ready for deployment on moorings in coastal observing systems. Statement No. 2 Cost-effective, self-contained systems for the measurement of pH, TA, and DIC are still needed to both fully define the carbonate chemistry of coastal waters and the fluxes of carbon between major biogeochemical compartments (e.g., air-sea, shelf-slope, water column-sediment, etc.). (pdf contains 23 pages)

Designing for validation of medical devices and equipment

Validation is important in the design, development and production of medical devices since effective and appropriate validation plays a vital role in defining the success of a product in both technical and economic terms. Regulations and quality standards lay out the requirements for product validation, but it is left to each individual manufacturer to establish and maintain their own validation procedures. More recently, there has also been a change of emphasis in the regulations and standards that encourage the integration of validation into the development process. However, this poses particular challenges to the manufacturer since there is a distinct lack of guidance to assist this integration. This workbook provides the first real guidance on good design practices for medical device development. It has been developed through extensive consultation with device manufacturers and analysis of regulatory requirements. The approach is intended to assist manufacturers in meeting the new regulations.

Sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA) as an alternative to poverty alleviation in Nigerian fishing communities : a review

The hardship of poverty bestowed on people has become a problem of horrifying enormity. Which attracts global concern to a steadfast search on the best approach to address the menace and to improve the living standard of people particularly those in the rural areas. These areas equally represent where majority of the fishermen lives. They are found frequently isolated, living along margin of lakes, rivers etc often unheard and unseen in development process. The study reviews the concept of poverty, perception and situation in Nigeria, as well as the past approaches to poverty alleviation. Due to the failure of the past approaches to tackle poverty adequately, the paper outlines a new concept of poverty alleviation-sustainable livelihood. Basically the paper highlights its concept, principles, framework and its application in poverty alleviation projects and general development process with particular reference to the Nigerian rural fishing communities

A média complexidade no quadro da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal: uma abordagem do seu processo de desenvolvimento em uma perspectiva regional

Esta tese tem por objeto o processo de regionalização das ações de média complexidade e da oferta de próteses dentárias no âmbito da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal (PNSB). Foram realizadas duas pesquisas fundamentais para o entendimento desse processo: a primeira esteve voltada para o levantamento da descrição da oferta de ações especializadas e de próteses dentárias nos Planos Diretores de Regionalização (PDR) nas 27 unidades federadas do país. A segunda pesquisa verificou a cobertura por Equipes de Saúde Bucal (ESBs) na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) e a distribuição dos 844 Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEOs) e dos 526 Laboratórios Regionais de Próteses Dentárias (LRPDs) implantados até setembro de 2010 nas regiões de saúde do Brasil dos 27 estados da federação. Essas pesquisas permitiram concluir que: os PDRs, na grande maioria dos estados brasileiros, não contribuíram para a organização regionalizada da distribuição de CEOs e LRPDs no Brasil. A cobertura por Equipes de Saúde Bucal é heterogênea, com predominância da Região Nordeste e dos municípios de pequeno porte, em detrimento das capitais e dos estados das regiões Sul e Sudeste. No tocante à distribuição das unidades CEO e LRPD pelas regiões de saúde, a pesquisa mostrou que os critérios normativos para a seleção dos municípios a sediarem essas unidades vêm sendo cumpridos de forma precária na maior parte do país. Além disso, a distribuição dessas unidades não apresenta coerência com os princípios da regionalização prevista pelo Pacto de Gestão do SUS.

Em busca de espiritualidade na Índia: os significados de uma moderna peregrinação

Este é um estudo sobre as interfaces entre turismo e religião, particularmente sobre busca espiritual e peregrinações à Índia. Os principais temas por mim abordados são religiosidade e turismo (espiritualidade e viagem/peregrinação, na visão dos informantes). Inicialmente estudei um tipo de viajante que parecia conectado a uma rejeição a classificação de turista bem como de religioso. Após realizar trabalho de campo com diversos informantes na Índia, analisei duas viagens de peregrinação à Índia realizadas por um grupo de estudantes de Vedanta do Rio de Janeiro. A questão principal foi entender os significados que assumem estas peregrinações e as motivações dos peregrinos. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa, outra questão se revelou fundamental compreender a construção do Vedanta enquanto projeto, bem como o sentido da busca espiritual para o grupo estudado. Esta tese se baseia nas minhas experiências de viagens à Índia, nos depoimentos dos tipos de turista que por lá encontrei, no grupo de estudantes de Vedanta e suas peregrinações, e nas aulas de Vedanta que freqüentei. Um dos resultados mais significativos foi perceber que os viajantes estudados realizavam suas viagens motivados não só pela dimensão religiosa, como também pelas expectativas e ideias culturais relacionadas tanto à noção de viagem (o que proporciona a experiência da mesma) como da Índia (lugar percebido como o mais religioso do mundo).

Desarrollo de un gestor de conexión con facebook para aplicación de mensajeria instantanea.

[EN]Until May 2015, an application for Linux KDE desktops called KDE-Telepathy had the possibility of adding Facebook accounts in order to talk to friends through an XMPP Gateway. After Facebook’s announcement of the closure of this Gateway, this project will try to explain the development process of a new connection manager. This fact generates the need of an unofficial alternative which Facebook does not provide. Along the different sections, there will be explained how to implement the most basic functions a connection manager must have, like: a contact list, sending or receiving messages. Meanwhile, there will be involved different solutions part of the Facebook’s official infrastructure, but also, some that are not.

Expressão de marcadores imuno-histoquímicos em biópsias renais de pacientes transplantados

A partir da década de 60, com a utilização do transplante renal em larga escala como terapia substitutiva para pacientes com falência do órgão, surgiu a preocupação quanto ao desenvolvimento do processo de rejeição do enxerto. Tal intercorrência, em geral, cursa com sinais e sintomas clínicos apenas quando o evento está bem estabelecido, ou mesmo quando lesões irreversíveis já se instalaram. Assim, é fundamental um acompanhamento rigoroso, visando detectar os casos subclínicos. O presente trabalho, a fim de fornecer novas ferramentas que auxiliem o diagnóstico precoce de rejeição do enxerto, avaliou a expressão imuno-histoquímica dos anticorpos CD3, CD5, CD20, CD68, CD25, FoxP3 e C4d em biópsias renais realizadas entre os anos de 2007 e 2009 em pacientes transplantados acompanhados pelo Serviço de Nefrologia do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, UERJ - RJ, correlacionando os resultados obtidos com o diagnóstico histológico. Para tal, as biópsias foram reavaliadas por três médicos patologistas que as classificaram, segundo Critérios de Banff 2007, quanto à presença ou não de rejeição do enxerto e seu tipo, aguda ou crônica. A partir de então, os blocos de parafina foram processados pela técnica Tissue Microarray for all (Pires, ARC. e cols.) e submetidos à imuno-histoquímica. A positividade dos marcadores foi avaliada e graduada e os resultados encontrados foram correlacionados, em um primeiro momento, com a presença ou ausência de rejeição. Posteriormente, os casos com diagnóstico histológico de rejeição tiveram seu perfil imuno-histoquímico analisado em função da positividade para C4d, marcador definidor de rejeição humoral. Neste momento, buscou-se averiguar se os anticorpos estudados seriam úteis em detectar, neste grupo, rejeição humoral e celular. Após a análise estatística, realizada pelo Teste Exato de Fisher, pode-se, então, concluir que o comportamento do marcador CD3 é capaz de inferir a presença de rejeição e que os anticorpos CD5 e CD25 permitem sugerir rejeição celular e humoral, respectivamente. Foi observado também que casos sem diagnóstico histológico de rejeição podem apresentar marcação para C4d em mais de 10% de seus capilares peritubulares.