Dislocations And Twins In Nanocrystalline Ni After Severe Plastic Deformation: The Effects Of Grain Size

Deformation microstructures have been investigated in nanocrystalline (nc) Ni with grain sizes in the 50-100 nm range. It was found that deformation twinning started to occur in grains of similar to 90 nm, and its propensity increased with decreasing grain size. In most of the nc grains dislocations were observed as well, in the form of individual dislocations and dipoles. It is concluded that dislocation-mediated plasticity dominates for grain sizes in the upper half, i.e. 50-100 nm, of the nanocrystalline regime. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Control dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome transmission

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a serious disease with many puzzling features. We present a simple, dynamic model to assess the epidemic potential of SARS and the effectiveness of control measures. With this model, we analysed the SARS epidemic data in Beijing. The data fitting gives the basic case reproduction number of 2.16 leading to the outbreak, and the variation of the effective reproduction number reflecting the control effect. Noticeably, our study shows that the response time and the strength of control measures have significant effects on the scale of the outbreak and the lasting time of the epidemic.

Vacancy clusters in ultrafine grained Al by severe plastic deformation

Bulk nanostructured metals are often formed via severe plastic deformation (SPD). The dislocations generated during SPD evolve into boundaries to decompose the grains. Vacancies are also produced in large numbers during SPD, but have received much less attention. Using transmission electron microscopy, here we demonstrate a high density of unusually large vacancy Frank loops in SPD-processed Al. They are shown to impede moving dislocations and should be a contributor to strength. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics.

Finding space to mental health : promoting mental health in adolescents (12 to 14 year olds): preliminary results of the intervention's effectiveness

Resumen: La salud mental y el bienestar son fundamentales para nuestra capacidad colectiva y individual como seres humanos de pensar, de exteriorizar los sentimientos, de establecer y mantener relaciones, para estudiar, para perseguir las actividades de ocio, para tomar decisiones diarias y para disfrutar de una vida plena. Una adolescencia saludable es un prerrequisito para una vida adulta saludable. Sin embargo, la realidad actual presenta un panorama preocupante. La formación del capital mental individual y colectivo - especialmente en las primeras etapas de la vida - está siendo retenida por una serie de riesgos evitables para la salud mental (World Health Organization [WHO], 2013). Los adolescentes del sur de Europa (región que ha sido más severamente afectada por la crisis financiera; e.g., Portugal) son señalados como un grupo extremadamente vulnerable, ya que su salud mental fácilmente podría ser influenciada por las dificultades económicas de sus padres y la escasez de solidaridad social (European Parliament, 2012). La promoción de la salud mental de los adolescentes es considerada como una preocupación fundamental (WHO, 2005a, 2013). En este ámbito, las intervenciones centradas en la promoción de la literacía de la salud mental han revelado importantes ventajas en la prevención, reconocimiento, intervención precoz y la reducción del estigma (Pinfold, Stuart, Thornicroft & Arboleda-Florez, 2005; Pinfold, Toulmin, Thornicroft, Huxley, Farmer & Graham, 2003; Schulze, Richter-Werling, Matschinger & Angermeyer, 2003; Stuart, 2006). En consonancia con los marcos de promoción de la salud mentales propuestos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (2005a), tenemos que involucrar a jóvenes en los ambientes donde interactúan (Burns, 2011). Las escuelas son implícitamente uno de los locales más importantes para la promoción de la salud mental de los adolescentes (Barry, Clarke, Jenkins & Patel, 2013; WHO, 2001). El proyecto “Abrir Espacio para la Salud Mental – Promoción de la salud mental en adolescentes (12-14 años)” tiene como objetivo incrementar literacía de la salud mental en los jóvenes. En el primer año se ha desarrollado un instrumento de evaluación - Mental Health Literacy questionnaire (MHLq) - y la intervención para la promoción de la salud mental. La intervención consiste en 2 sesiones, 90 minutos cada una, implementadas con intervalo de una semana. Siguen una metodología interactiva, utilizando dinámicas de grupo, videos, música y discusión. El estudio de la eficacia de la intervención se lleva a cabo mediante un análisis pre y pos-test con el MHLq, utilizando un grupo experimental y un grupo de control. Este artículo presenta los resultados preliminares de la eficacia de la intervención de promoción de la salud mental en una muestra de 100 adolescentes portugueses (12-14 años). El pos-test mostró un incremento de los niveles de conocimientos de salud mental y estrategias de autoayuda. Los resultados sugieren que la intervención desarrollada parece ser adecuada al objetivo propuesto y refuerzan la creencia de que intervenciones escolares, sistemáticas y sostenibles, para la promoción de la salud mental con jóvenes, es un enfoque prometedor para la promoción de la literacía de la salud mental (Schulze et al., 2003; Rickwood et al., 2005; Corrigan et al., 2007; WHO, 2010).

Number of prior episodes and the presence of depressive symptoms are associated with longer length of stay for patients with acute manic episodes

Background: Few studies have analyzed predictors of length of stay (LOS) in patients admitted due to acute bipolar manic episodes. The purpose of the present study was to estimate LOS and to determine the potential sociodemographic and clinical risk factors associated with a longer hospitalization. Such information could be useful to identify those patients at high risk for long LOS and to allocate them to special treatments, with the aim of optimizing their hospital management. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study recruiting adult patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria) who had been hospitalized due to an acute manic episode with a Young Mania Rating Scale total score greater than 20. Bivariate correlational and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of LOS. Results: A total of 235 patients from 44 centers were included in the study. The only factors that were significantly associated to LOS in the regression model were the number of previous episodes and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score at admission (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Patients with a high number of previous episodes and those with depressive symptoms during mania are more likely to stay longer in hospital. Patients with severe depressive symptoms may have a more severe or treatment-resistant course of the acute bipolar manic episode.

Simulation of Severe Slugging Formation and Control in Offshore Riser

In this paper, available elimination techniques are assessed. OLGA2000 software is used to simulate severe slugging formation mechanism in certain offshore riser. The simulation results show that pressure fluctuations of riser base and riser top is very large and severe slugging easily forms. Sensibility analysis shows that the measures and methods which include properly reducing pipe riser diameter, reducing water cut increasing terminal pressure, decreasing the height and inclination of riser and increasing GOR can eliminate or control severe slugging in riser pipe.

Dislocations and twins in nanocrystalline Ni after severe plastic deformation: the effects of grain size

Deformation microstructures have been investigated in nanocrystalline (nc) Ni with grain sizes in the 50-100 nm range. It was found that deformation twinning started to occur in grains of similar to 90 nm, and its propensity increased with decreasing grain size. In most of the nc grains dislocations were observed as well, in the form of individual dislocations and dipoles. It is concluded that dislocation-mediated plasticity dominates for grain sizes in the upper half, i.e. 50-100 nm, of the nanocrystalline regime. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Impact of depressive symptoms on subjective well-being: the importance of patient-reported outcomes in schizophrenia

Objective: The subjective experience of psychotic patients toward treatment is a key factor in medication adherence, quality of life, and clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the subjective well-being in patients with schizophrenia and to examine its relationship with the presence and severity of depressive symptoms. Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted with clinically stable outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia. The Subjective Well-Being under Neuroleptic Scale - short version (SWN-K) and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) were used to gather information on well-being and the presence and severity of depressive symptoms, respectively. Spearman's rank correlation was used to assess the associations between the SWN-K total score, its five subscales, and the CDSS total score. Discriminative validity was evaluated against that criterion by analysing the area under the curve (AUC). Results: Ninety-seven patients were included in the study. Mean age was 35 years (standard deviation = 10) and 72% were male. Both the total SWN-K scale and its five subscales correlated inversely and significantly with the CDSS total score (P < 0.0001). The highest correlation was observed for the total SWN-K (Spearman's rank order correlation [ rho] = -0.59), being the other correlations: mental functioning (-0.47), social integration (-0.46), emotional regulation (-0.51), physical functioning (-0.48), and self-control (-0.41). A total of 33 patients (34%) were classified as depressed. Total SWN-K showed the highest AUC when discriminating between depressive severity levels (0.84), followed by emotional regulation (0.80), social integration (0.78), physical functioning and self-control (0.77), and mental functioning (0.73). Total SWN-K and its five subscales showed a significant linear trend against CDSS severity levels (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The presence of moderate to severe depressive symptoms was relatively high, and correlated inversely with patients' subjective well-being. Routine assessment of patient-reported measures in patients with schizophrenia might reduce potential discrepancy between patient and physician assessment, increase therapeutic alliance, and improve outcome.

Ajuste psicológico y salud mental de la población inmigrante : influencia del género y la cultura

481 p.

El arte como terapia en salud mental

Los planes de atención de enfermería actuales recogen nuevas intervenciones, alternativas a los cuidados convencionales y algunas de ellas poco estudiadas, como lo es el uso de distintas formas de arte como terapia complementaria a un tratamiento médico. Uno de los campos donde más fuerza tiene es en el de la salud mental, ya que permite actuar tanto de forma terapéutica como preventiva. La arteterapia engloba intervenciones con cualquier forma de arte como la pintura, la fotografía, la música o el teatro. Su terreno de actuación, además de la parte puramente asistencial, incluye el ámbito social y educativo que en muchas ocasiones son olvidados en los cuidados enfermeros. Una revisión de este tipo es necesaria para guiar las intervenciones enfermeras englobadas en la mejora de la comunicación no verbal en pacientes con los que la psicoterapia tradicional a través del diálogo no es eficaz y como herramienta de estimulación cognitiva y prevención de síntomas depresivos o ansiosos que conllevan muchas patologías médicas. El objetivo de esta revisión es mostrar una visión general de la situación actual de este tipo de terapia, repasando su evolución histórica y valorar su eficacia a partir de la evidencia científica encontrada. Para ello se realizó un análisis de las publicaciones que tratan este tema, incluyendo artículos de investigación que analizan el efecto de distintos tipos de terapias con arte sobre diversos trastornos, teniendo siempre en cuenta el tipo de artículo analizado así como la calidad científica de las publicaciones.

Análisis de las necesidades emocionales de los menores con trastorno mental grave del centro terapeútico-educativo de Ortuella y diseño de un programa de desarrollo de competencias emocionales a través de la teatralización

En el presente TFG se ha realizado un diagnóstico de las necesidades emocionales de los menores de entre 6 y 12 años diagnosticados de trastorno mental grave que acuden al Centro Terapéutico-Educativo de Ortuella. En la metodología de análisis se han utilizado dos técnicas.: la observación participante en los distintos espacios en los que se desenvuelven los usuarios y la entrevista con cada uno de los profesionales de la entidad. Este análisis ha tenido como objetivo detectar las carencias emocionales de los usuarios que requieren de mayor atención educativa. Además se realiza una propuesta de intervención cuyo eje central es desarrollar las competencias emocionales a través de la teatralización.

Atenção psicossocial, clínica ampliada e território : a reforma psiquiátrica e os novos serviços de saúde mental

Este estudo tem como objetivo a análise dos centros de atenção psicossocial. Considera que a adoção do modelo psicossocial demanda a inserção e da responsabilização territorial. Investiga os efeitos da territorialização para a clínica e a organização dos serviços. Apresenta a reforma psiquiátrica brasileira como parte de um processo mais amplo de transformação da política pública de saúde. Situa a influência da crítica ao paradigma psiquiátrico e do Sistema Único de Saúde no desenvolvimento de experiências locais de reorientação da assistência psiquiátrica. Elege como campo de pesquisa a configuração dos centros de atenção psicossocial da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, apontando seus avanços e impasses.

Loucos de todos os gêneros são absolutamente incapazes ? justiça e saúde mental em Angra dos Reis nos anos 90

Esta dissertação focaliza as interdições civis dos indivíduos portadores de transtornos psíquicos. Este é um tema pouco abordado em trabalhos acadêmicos brasileiros. Trata-se de um estudo histórico-etnográfico contextualizado no município de Angra dos Reis, cidade do litoral sul do estado do Rio de Janeiro, década de 90. Na construção do objeto de pesquisa, refez-se a genealogia do perito, problematizando-se sua identidade frente à reforma psiquiátrica brasileira. Trinta e nove processos compõem o banco de dados, o que permitiu traçar o perfil sociológico da população que procura esse recurso jurídico. Além da análise das perícias, descreveu-se o diálogo construído entre os profissionais da saúde mental e os agentes da justiça e as respostas desencadeadas nesses agentes. Dos resultados foi enfatizada a existência de processos com sentenças judiciais de interdição parcial dos direitos civis.