941 resultados para Residual forestry biomass


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Agricultural intensification has a strong impact on level of soil organic matter (SOM), microbial biomass stocks and microbial community structure in agro-ecosystems. The size of the microbial necromass C pool could be about 40 times that of the living microbial biomass C pool in soils. Due to the specificity, amino sugar analysis gives more important information on the relative contribution of fungal and bacterial residues to C sequestration potential of soils. Meanwhile, the relationship between microbial biomass and microbial necromass in soil and its ecological significance on SOM are not fully understood and likely to be very complex in grassland soils. This thesis focuses on the effects of tillage, grassland conversion intensities and fertilisation on microbial biomass, residues and community structure. The combined analyses of microbial biomass and residue formation of both fungi and bacteria provided a unique opportunity to study the effect of tillage, grassland conversion and fertilisation on soil microbial dynamics. In top soil at 0-30 cm layer, a reduction in tillage intensity by the GRT and NT treatments increased the accumulation of saprotrophic fungi in comparison with the MBT treatment. In contrast, the GRT and NT treatments promoted AMF at the expense of saprotrophic fungi in the bottom soil layer at 30-40 cm depth. The negative relationship between the ergosterol to microbial biomass C ratio and the fungal C to bacterial C ratio points to the importance of the relationship between saprotrophic fungi and biotrophic AMF for tillage-induced changes in microbial turnover of SOC. One-season cultivation of winter wheat with two tillage events led to a significant loss in SOC and microbial biomass C stocks at 0-40 cm depth in comparison with the permanent grassland, even 5 years after the tillage event. However, the tillage induced loss in microbial biomass C was roughly 40% less in the long-term than in the short-term of the current experiment, indicating a recovery process during grassland restoration. In general, mould board tillage and grassland conversion to maize monoculture promoted saprotrophic fungi at the expense of biotrophic AMF and bacteria compared to undisturbed grassland soils. Slurry application promoted bacterial residues as indicated by the decreases in both, the ergosterol to microbial biomass C ratio and the fungal C to bacterial C ratio. In addition, the lost microbial functional diversity due to tillage and maize monoculture was restored by slurry application both in arable and grassland soils. I conclude that the microbial biomass C/S ratio can be used as an additional indicator for a shift in microbial community. The strong relationships between microbial biomass and necromass indices points to the importance of saprotrophic fungi and biotrophic AMF for agricultural management induced effects on microbial turnover and ecosystem C storage. Quantitative information on exact biomass estimates of these two important fungal groups in soil is inevitably necessary to understand their different roles in SOM dynamics.

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Proposta del procés d’electròlisi com a mètode de recuperació de metalls pesants presents en les aigües de rentat de la indústria galvànica i l’obtenció de l’energia necessària a través de l’energia solar fotovoltaica

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The design of control, estimation or diagnosis algorithms most often assumes that all available process variables represent the system state at the same instant of time. However, this is never true in current network systems, because of the unknown deterministic or stochastic transmission delays introduced by the communication network. During the diagnosing stage, this will often generate false alarms. Under nominal operation, the different transmission delays associated with the variables that appear in the computation form produce discrepancies of the residuals from zero. A technique aiming at the minimisation of the resulting false alarms rate, that is based on the explicit modelling of communication delays and on their best-case estimation is proposed

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Material did??ctico que recoge la elaboraci??n de diversos aparatos utilizando material residual. Se han fabricado modelos did??cticos para el control ambiental, la observaci??n y muestreo de especies animales, el cultivo de especies vegetales y el aprovechamiento de la energ??a. Los objetivos del trabajo son: desarrollar destreza manual en el ??rea de Pretecnolog??a, comprender mejor diversos fen??menos naturales y su medida y educar a nivel ambiental.

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Resumen en inglés. Resumen basado en el de la publicación

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Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

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La Constitución de la República vigente trae consigo una serie de modificaciones sustanciales en relación a la Constitución Política de 1998. Una de ellas, acorde con el nuevo modelo de Estado que rige al Ecuador, el Estado constitucional de derechos, es la implementación de la nueva acción de protección, garantía jurisdiccional de derechos constitucionales sustituta de la antigua acción de amparo constitucional. En efecto, la acción de protección, a diferencia de la acción de amparo, aparece como un proceso de conocimiento, declarativo, ampliamente reparatorio y no residual. Por tratarse de una garantía novedosa en el ámbito jurídico ecuatoriano, la presente tesis en su parte inicial procura poner de manifiesto las diferencias y semejanzas entre la antigua acción de amparo constitucional y la nueva acción de protección, con el fin de aportar al ejercicio y consolidación de esta nueva garantía jurisdiccional. Posteriormente, una vez constatadas dichas diferencias, se tendrá por justificada la necesidad de una regulación o delimitación que salvaguarde a ésta nueva garantía de aquellos vicios que corrompieron y desnaturalizaron a la acción de amparo en el pasado. Para ello, en base a un estudio de jurisdicciones constitucionales comparadas, se sugiere y analiza la implementación de una serie de filtros de forma y de fondo, tendientes a evitar un proceso de ordinarización de la acción de protección, y que guarden armonía y compatibilidad con el paradigma del Estado constitucional. Finalmente, se destaca el rol fundamental que debe desempeñar el legislador dentro del proceso de elaboración de la nueva Ley de Garantías y Control Constitucional. Su deber se reduce a utilizar técnicas legislativas proporcionales y respetuosas con los preceptos constitucionales que rigen a la acción de protección. Caso contrario, el producto de su actividad se tornaría inconstitucional y atentatorio a la voluntad del constituyente, que no fue otra que fortalecer al garantismo y no limitarlo.

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