地质体科学计算可视化研究及其应用

Describing visually space-time properties of geological phenomena consists of one of the most important parts in geology research. Such visual images are of usually helpful for analyzing geological phenomena and for discovering the regulations behind geological phenomena. This report studies mainly three application problems of scientific visualization in geology: (Dvisualizing geological body A new geometric modeling technique with trimmed surface patches has been eveloped to visualize geological body. Constructional surfaces are represented as trimmed surfaces and a constructional solid is represented by the upper and lower surface composed of trimmed surface patches from constructional surfaces. The technique can completely and definitely represent the structure of geological body. It has been applied in visualization for the coal deposit in Huolinhe, the aquifer thermal energy storage in Tianjin and the structure of meteorite impact in Cangshan et al. (2)visualizing geological space field Efficient visualization methods have been discussed. Marching-Cube algorithm used has been improved and is used to extract iso~surface from 3D data set, iso-line from 2D data set and iso-point from ID data set. The improved method has been used to visualize distribution and evolution of the abnormal pressures in Zhungaer Basin. (3)visualizing porous space a novel way was proposed to define distance from any point to a convex set. Thus a convex set skeleton-based implicit surface modeling technique is developed and used to construct a simplified porous space model. A Buoyancy Percolation numerical simulation platform has been developed to simulate the process of migration of oil in the porous media saturated with water.

东海榴辉岩向斜长角闪岩的转化过程

The Ultrahigh Pressure Metamorphic (UHPM) eclogite, which was resulted from deep subduction of crustal continent, is very significant due to its continental dynamic implications. Further more, this kind of rocks experienced great P-T, fluid and stresses changes during its forming and exhumation, causing mineral reactions occur intensively, which resulted in a lot of fantastic micro-texture. The micro-texture was preserved duo to a rapid exhumation of the eclogite. This PhD dissertation takes such micro-textures in 10 Donghai eclogite samples South Sulu UHPM terrene, as research object to reveal the transformation of the eclogite to amphibolite. Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope were employed to observe the micro-texture. Basing on microprobe analysis of minerals, the ACF projections and iso-con analysis were used to uncover the mineral reactions during the transformation. Micro-texture observation (both of Microcopy and Electron Scanning Microscope), demonstrated: l.The peak mineral assemblage of the researched Donghai eclogites is garnet + omphacite + rutile (+ kyanite + aptite +coesite). 2.The transformation of the Donghai eclogite to amphibolite can be divided into two stages: The earlier one is Symplectization, resulting in the forming of diopside + albite (+magnetite) symplectite that occurred only along the boundary between two adjacent omphacite grains. Other minerals were not involved in such reaction. The latter stage is Fluid-Infiltration of the eclogite, which was caused by fluid-intrusion. The infiltration is demonstrated by amphibolization of the symplectite, decomposition of garnet and the forming of some hydrous minerals such as phengite and epidote, and resulted in an amphibole + plagioclase + phengite + epidote or ziosite assemblage. Basing on microprobe analysis of the minerals, ACF projections indicated: In the ACF diagrams, the two joint lines of peak Grt + Omp and Dio + Ab crossed at Omp projection-point, indicating that the garnet had not taken part in the forming reaction of the Dio + Ab symplectite, just like that had been pointed out by micro-texture observation. In the ACF diagrams, the hornblende + plagioclase + epidote + phengite quadrilateral intersected with Dio + Ab + Grt triangle, demonstrating that the hydrous mineral assemblage was formed by fluid infiltration through garnet, diopside and albite. Iso-con (mass-balance) analysis of the symplectization and infiltration reveals: 1.The symplectization of the omphacite has a very complex mass exchange: Some symplectite gained only silicon from its surroundings; and some one requires Ca, but provides Na to its surroundings; while other symplectite provides Ca, Mg and Fe to its surroundings. 2.The infiltration cause variable mass exchanges occurring among the garnet, diopside and albite: In some eclogite sample, no mass, except H2O, exchange occurred during the infiltration. Meanwhile, there was not any hydrous mineral except hornblende formed in the sample accordingly. In some samples, the mass exchange among the three minerals is complex: amphibolization of the diopside in a symplectite gained Al from garnet, and provided Si and Ca to its surrounding, resulting in a Si, Ca and Al-rich fluid. Correspondingly, there was a lot of phengite and ziosite occurred in the sample. In other samples, the amphibolization of a symplectite provided Fe and Mg besides Si and Ca to its surrounding while gained Al. In such kind of sample, epidote occurred within the hydrous mineral assemblage. Synthesizing the micro-texture observation, ACF analysis and iso-con analysis, we deduced the transformation procedure as following: 1. A symplectite after an omphacite was resulted by one, or two, or all of following mineral reactions together: Jd (Ca-Tsch) +SiO2=Ab (An) (1) 4NaA IS i.A+CaO=2NaAlS i308+Na20+CaAl2S 1208 (2) 2NaAlSi2OB (Jd in Omp)+CaMgSi;,0B(Dio in Omp)-2NaAlSi:,O"(Ab)+Ca0+Mg0 (3) 2(CaAl2Si0fi) (Ca-tsch in Omp)+CaFeSi2O6(Hed in 0mp)-H>2CaAl2Si208(An)+Ca0 + FeO (4) A CO2-rich fluid is suggested as cataclysm for the above reactions, which largely increased the mobility of Ca, Mg and Na resulted from reaction (2), (3) and (4). The immobile product Fe2* combined with rutile to form ilmenite, resulting in rutile + ilmenite symplectite. Or, the Fe was precipitated as hematite locally. A procedure of the fluid infiltration as following is suggested: I .A hydrous fluid intruded into the eclogite, and reacted first with garnet to form hornblende and extra Al, resulting in a hornblende film around the garnet grain and an Al-rich fluid. 2.The Al-rich fluid infiltrated through the symplectite, OH" and part of the Al in the fluid combined with Dio while some Si and Ca in the Dio were dissolved made the Dio transferred to amphibole. Meanwhile, plagioclase-type cation exchange occurred between the fluid and plagioclase in the symplectite, making the plagioclase have a higher An-content. 3.Above infiltration and cation exchange resulted in an Al, Si, Ca (and K, providing the primary hydrous fluid contain K)-rich fluid. 4.Under suitable conditions, the solute in the fluid precipitated to form phengite firstly. After the K element in the fluid was consumed up, ziosite or epidote was formed. If the fluid did not contain any K. element, only ziosite or epidote was precipitated. For those eclogites, where all omphacite had been replaced by symplectite before infiltration, neither element exchange occurred, nor did phengite or epidote form during the infiltration. At the last stage, the garnet was oxidized and breakdown: garnet + H2O = epidote + hornblende + hematite, due to more and more fluid intruding into the eclogite. At this time, all the peak minerals were replaced by amphibolite-phase ones, and the eclogite transformed to an amphibolite completely. Tentative pressure calculation indicates that the infiltration occurred at 3-6kbar (about 10-20km depth), where the deformation mechanics transformed from brittle to ductile yield. At such depth, the surface water can permeate the rocks through fault system, causing a rapid cooling.

An investigation of the roles of surface aluminum and acid sites in the zeolite MCM-22

Ammonia adsorption studies reveal that the observed Lewis acidity in the zeolite MCM-22 is derived from at least two types of framework aluminum sites (Al(F)), that is, octahedral Al(F) and three-coordinate Al(F). Comparative ammonia or trimethylphosphine (TMP) adsorption experiments with MCM-22 confirm that octahedral Al species gives rise to the signal at delta(ISO) approximate to 0 in the (27)Al NMR spectrum; this is a superposition of two NMR signals from the different Al species on the water-re constructed zeolite surface. A sharp resonance assigned to framework Al reversibly transforms on ammonia adsorption to delta(ISO) (27)Al approximate to 55 from tetrahedral Al(F), while the broad peak is assigned to nonframework aluminium which results from hydrothermal treatment. This study also demonstrates the effectiveness of (27)Al magic angle spinning (MAS) and multiple quantum (MQ) MAS NMR spectroscopy as a technique for the study of zeolite reactions.

An Analog VLSI Chip for Estimating the Focus of Expansion

For applications involving the control of moving vehicles, the recovery of relative motion between a camera and its environment is of high utility. This thesis describes the design and testing of a real-time analog VLSI chip which estimates the focus of expansion (FOE) from measured time-varying images. Our approach assumes a camera moving through a fixed world with translational velocity; the FOE is the projection of the translation vector onto the image plane. This location is the point towards which the camera is moving, and other points appear to be expanding outward from. By way of the camera imaging parameters, the location of the FOE gives the direction of 3-D translation. The algorithm we use for estimating the FOE minimizes the sum of squares of the differences at every pixel between the observed time variation of brightness and the predicted variation given the assumed position of the FOE. This minimization is not straightforward, because the relationship between the brightness derivatives depends on the unknown distance to the surface being imaged. However, image points where brightness is instantaneously constant play a critical role. Ideally, the FOE would be at the intersection of the tangents to the iso-brightness contours at these "stationary" points. In practice, brightness derivatives are hard to estimate accurately given that the image is quite noisy. Reliable results can nevertheless be obtained if the image contains many stationary points and the point is found that minimizes the sum of squares of the perpendicular distances from the tangents at the stationary points. The FOE chip calculates the gradient of this least-squares minimization sum, and the estimation is performed by closing a feedback loop around it. The chip has been implemented using an embedded CCD imager for image acquisition and a row-parallel processing scheme. A 64 x 64 version was fabricated in a 2um CCD/ BiCMOS process through MOSIS with a design goal of 200 mW of on-chip power, a top frame rate of 1000 frames/second, and a basic accuracy of 5%. A complete experimental system which estimates the FOE in real time using real motion and image scenes is demonstrated.

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Interrelação e complementariedade dos sistemas de qualidade (BPL x ISO17025 e ISO 9000 x 14000); Observações importantes para construção de laboratórios; Gestão de resíduos nas Unidades da Embrapa; Planejamento de experimentos em laboratório; Bioética na pesquisa; Biossegurança em laboratórios; Caracterização de resíduos em alimentos.

Processo de certificação de qualidade de produto de software na Embrapa: apostila de curso.

v. 1. Aspectos de qualidade de produto de software na Embrapa. Visão geral de qualidade. Qualidade de software. Certificação de qualidade de produto de software. NBR 13596 - modelo de qualidade: características e subcaracterísticas. NBR 12119 - pacotes de software - teste e requisitos de qualidade. Qualidade na Embrapa.

Puesta a punto de un equipo de anodizado para aleaciones de aluminio

En este proyecto se realiza la anodización, en planta piloto de laboratorio, de muestras de aluminio de pequeñas dimensiones, sometiendo posteriormente estas muestras anodizadas a los ensayos exigidos por las normas ISO para este tratamiento de superficie

Método DeLorme versus Electroestimulação no fortalecimento muscular do quadricípete

Monografia apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Fisioterapia

Use of oxygen sensors for the non destructive measurement of oxygen in packaged food and beverage products and its impact on product quality and shelf life

The principal objective of this thesis was to investigate the ability of reversible optical O2 sensors to be incorporated into food/beverage packaging systems to continuously monitor O2 levels in a non-destructive manner immediately postpackaging and over time. Residual levels of O2 present in packs can negatively affect product quality and subsequently, product shelf-life, especially for O2-sensitive foods/beverages. Therefore, the ability of O2 sensors to continuously monitor O2 levels present within food/beverage packages was considered commercially relevant in terms of identifying the consequences of residual O2 on product safety and quality over time. Research commenced with the development of a novel range of O2 sensors based on phosphorescent platinum and palladium octaethylporphyrin-ketones (OEPk) in nano-porous high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymer supports. Sensors were calibrated over a temperature range of -10°C to +40°C and deemed suitable for food and beverage packaging applications. This sensor technology was used and demonstrated itself effective in determining failures in packaging containment. This was clearly demonstrated in the packaging of cheese string products. The sensor technology was also assessed across a wide range of packaged products; beer, ready-to-eat salad products, bread and convenience-style, muscle-based processed food products. The O2 sensor technology performed extremely well within all packaging systems. The sensor technology adequately detected O2 levels in; beer bottles prior to and following pasteurisation, modified atmosphere (MA) packs of ready-to-eat salad packs as respiration progressed during product storage and MA packs of bread and convenience-style muscle-based products as mycological growth occurred in food packs over time in the presence and absence of ethanol emitters. The use of the technology, in conjunction with standard food quality assessment techniques, showed remarkable usefulness in determining the impact of actual levels of O2 on specific quality attributes. The O2 sensing probe was modified, miniaturised and automated to screen for the determination of total aerobic viable counts (TVC) in several fish species samples. The test showed good correlation with conventional TVC test (ISO:4833:2003), analytical performance and ruggedness with respect to variation of key assay parameters (probe concentration and pipetting volume). Overall, the respirometric fish TVC test was simple to use, possessed a dynamic microbial range (104-107 cfu/g sample), had an accuracy of +/- one log(cfu/g sample) and was rapid. Its ability to assess highly perishable products such as fish for total microbial growth in <12 hr demonstrates commercial potential.

Rol de los fitocromo B1 Y B2 en los rasgos arquitecturales y en la habilidad competitiva de las plantas de maíz (Zea mays l) ante cambios en la densidad de siembra

Las plantas de maíz (Zea mays L.) perciben la presencia de individuos a través de cambios en la calidad de luz del ambiente (cambios del R/RL) en el que crecen y desencadenan respuestas foto-morfogénicas a fin de reducir el sombreo mutuo. Los fitocromos B1 y B2 estarían involucrados en estas respuestas. Por otro lado los sistemas de producción del cultivo de maíz en alta densidad de siembra promueven desde etapas tempranas cambios en el crecimiento de las plantas (i.e. distinta habilidad competitiva de los individuos), que podrían estar relacionados con su mayor o menor reactividad en percibir vecinos. Se realizaron dos experimentos a campo con una línea de maíz con fitocromos activos (WT) y sus iso-líneas con mutaciones en los fitocromos B1 y B2, en dos densidades de siembra (9 y 30pl m-2, i.e. variación en R/RL). Los objetivos fueron evaluar i) los determinantes del crecimiento de las plantas y del cultivo, ii) el rol de los fitocromos B en las variables medidas, iii) la variabilidad poblacional del crecimiento y iv) la habilidad competitiva de cada línea en poli-culturas (WT/phyB1, WT/phyB2, phyB1/phyB2 y WT/phyB1/phyB2). La línea phyB1 presentó menor altura y diámetro de tallos, menor área foliar y distribución aleatoria de hojas que la WT. La línea phyB2 sólo presentó menor área foliar. El crecimiento de los cultivos, la producción de biomasa y el rendimiento de grano, sin embargo, se vió afectado por ambas mutaciones de fitocromo B, con una penalidad mayor en phyB1 y con un mayor rendimiento de phyB2 en alta densidad de siembra por una mayor fertilidad de las espigas. Por último, ambas mutaciones redujeron la variabilidad poblacional del cultivo y confirieron a las plantas una menor habilidad competitiva en poli-culturas aunque esto no representó una penalidad en el rendimiento del lote por una mayor fijación de granos en la WT.

Hierbas Aromáticas, medicinales y condimentarias en Colombia : análisis del caso C.I. Organic Aromatic S.A. desde la perspectiva de la nueva economía institucional

Las hierbas aromáticas han tenido en la última década un auge mundial y su demanda cada vez se incrementa más. En Colombia la producción y exportación de estas hierbas viene en aumento. En los últimos 4 años la exportación colombiana creció en 142 por ciento y el principal país de destino fue Estados Unidos a donde se exporto el 74 por ciento de las hierbas aromáticas. En este momento la tendencia del mercado mundial, es hacia los productos orgánicos o limpios, así que algunos productores se han dedicado a buscar los mecanismos para generar producciones y procesos con certificados orgánicos, para acceder a los mercados demandantes. Estas certificaciones son bastante exigentes y requieren un cambio y adaptación de las organizaciones, además de una fuerte inversión económica. El objetivo general de este trabajo es estudiar por medio del caso de la empresa colombiana C.I. Organic Aromatic S.A. la forma de adaptación a la demanda creciente del nuevo mercado internacional de hierbas aromáticas. Se realiza un análisis estructural discreto para el sector y de estar forma comprender el marco general donde se mueve la empresa. Al igual, se describe la empresa y su funcionamiento, los puntos críticos de la misma y de las transacciones que realiza. La cadena del sector esta descrita en el trabajo, los principales actores son: los proveedores, los productores donde se diferencian los pequeños de los medianos y grandes (los grandes productores son los exportadores de la cadena), los importadores o mayoristas, los transformadores, los minoristas, supermercados o tiendas especializadas y por último el cliente final, que cada vez más busca este tipo de productos por salud. C.I. Organic Aromatic S.A., es una empresa dedicada a la producción 100 por ciento orgánica y exportación de hierbas aromáticas y culinarias. La empresa tiene certificación de producto 100 por orgánico, buenas prácticas de manejo y certificación ISO entre otros. Llevan 7 años de funcionamiento, pero con esta razón social trabajan desde 2012 cuando decidieron exportar directamente a Estados Unidos y convertirse en C.I. (comercializadora internacional). Para disminuir la incertidumbre se integran verticalmente hacia adelante, bajo la marca Exotic Organic Herbs, quienes están ubicados en Miami, para manejar la logística de la importación en Estados Unidos.

Deducciones del teorema de Pitágoras a lo largo de la historia como recurso didáctico en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la matemática

Las deducciones que a lo largo de la historia se han realizado en torno al teorema de Pitágoras pueden ayudar en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje que realmente necesitan nuestros estudiantes, con el fin de que comprendan los conceptos a través de la reconstrucción de un método, de tal manera que no mecanicen reglas sino mas bien se logre aumentar y relacionar los conceptos adquiridos previamente de tal manera que se logre una mejor comprensión. Usaremos el enfoque histórico como una propuesta metodológica que actué como motivación para el alumno, ya que por medio de ella el estudiante descubrirá como generar los conceptos a través de métodos que aprenderá en clase. Discutiremos los conceptos y propiedades fundamentales de magnitudes, tales como la longitud y el área de figuras geométricas dadas en una y dos dimensiones, repasaremos los conceptos del producto notable del cuadrado de la suma de dos cantidades desde el punto de vista geométrico lo cual nos ayudara a inducir la demostración del teorema de Pitágoras a través de triángulos rectángulos notables e isósceles rectángulos, tomando en consideración el área de los cuadrados que se encuentra en los lados de dichos triángulos. Esto nos ayudara a recalcar la generalización del teorema de Pitágoras a través de figuras regulares. Las deducciones se harán pasando de la rama de la matemática llamada Algebra, conjugándola o dándole soporte con otra que muestra la forma estructural, como lo es la Geometría.

Manufacturing knowledge verification in design support systems

This paper identifies the need for a verification methodology for manufacturing knowledge in design support systems; and proposes a suitable methodology based on the concept of ontological commitment and the PSL ontology (ISO/CD18629). The use of the verification procedures within an overall system development methodology is examined, and an understanding of how various categories of manufacturing knowledge (typical to design support systems) map onto the PSL ontology is developed. This work is also supported by case study material from industrial situations, including the casting and machining of metallic components. The PSL ontology was found to support the verification of most categories of manufacturing knowledge, and was shown to be particularly suited to process planning representations. Additional concepts and verification procedures were however needed to verify relationships between products and manufacturing processes. Suitable representational concepts and verification procedures were therefore developed, and integrated into the proposed knowledge verification methodology.

La Web Semántica y los archivos de televisión: estado de la cuestión

Se analizan y describen las principales líneas de trabajo de la Web Semántica en el ámbito de los archivos de televisión. Para ello, se analiza y contextualiza la web semántica desde una perspectiva general para posteriormente analizar las principales iniciativas que trabajan con lo audiovisual: Proyecto MuNCH, Proyecto S5T, Semantic Television y VideoActive.

Creación de una filmoteca de prácticas para la Facultad de Ciencias de la Información de la UCM: Adecuación de espacio y estrategias de catalogación

En el presente trabajo se da el primer paso para la creación de una Filmoteca de Prácticas en la facultad de Ciencias de la Información de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. El Patrimonio Fílmico se ve gravemente expuesto al paso del tiempo y el abandono por lo que se necesita un rescate urgente. Mediante un riguroso trabajo de investigación, en el que se estudian diferentes propuestas y normativas expuestas por organismos especializados, se redacta un manual de inicio. Se han investigado, diseñado y propuesto las herramientas básicas y útiles para poner en funcionamiento la primera Filmoteca de Prácticas en el ámbito universitario español.