Segmenting the market of West Australian senior tourists using an artificial neural network

Measuring perceptions of customers can be a major problem for marketers of tourism and travel services. Much of the problem is to determine which attributes carry most weight in the purchasing decision. Older travellers weigh many travel features before making their travel decisions. This paper presents a descriptive analysis of neural network methodology and provides a research technique that assesses the weighting of different attributes and uses an unsupervised neural network model to describe a consumer-product relationship. The development of this rich class of models was inspired by the neural architecture of the human brain. These models mathematically emulate the neurophysical structure and decision making of the human brain, and, from a statistical perspective, are closely related to generalised linear models. Artificial neural networks or neural networks are, however, nonlinear and do not require the same restrictive assumptions about the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variables. Using neural networks is one way to determine what trade-offs older travellers make as they decide their travel plans. The sample of this study is from a syndicated data source of 200 valid cases from Western Australia. From senior groups, active learner, relaxed family body, careful participants and elementary vacation were identified and discussed. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

Kangaroos and feral goats as economic resources for graziers: Some views from south-west Queensland

Fifteen years ago it was proposed that the conversion of kangaroos from a pest to an economically valuable resource would allow graziers to reduce the numbers of domestic stock and thereby lower total grazing pressure. Since then, little progress towards this goal has been achieved. This is believed to be due mainly to the low prices obtained for kangaroo products. A survey of graziers in south-west Queensland was carried out to discover their opinions on kangaroos as a potential economic resource. Questions on the harvesting of feral goats were also included in the survey because of the contrast this industry provides to kangaroo harvesting in terms of grazier involvement. The results of the survey are discussed in relation to resource ownership rights; kangaroo product prices and marketing; and competition within the kangaroo harvesting industry. They show that while low kangaroo product prices do act as a disincentive to graziers, other administrative, legal and institutional factors are also important impediments to their entry to the industry. It is concluded that until the focus of attention widens to include consideration of these as well as just market factors, little progress will be made towards integrating graziers into the kangaroo harvesting industry.

Muslims and the Australian labour market, 1980-2001

The unemployment of Muslims in Australia was 28 and 25 per cent compared to the national total of around nine per cent in 1986 and 1996 respectively (Australian Bureau of Statistics). This article conceptually analyses the disadvantaged position of the Muslims in the Australian labour market from 1980 to 2001 within a framework of 'structural racism'. It studies the Muslims from three perspectives: first, a comparative study of the qualifications and unemployment of the Muslim labour force in relation to the dominant population. Secondly, it examines the extent of this disadvantaged position in comparison with other ethnic minorities within an historical context. Finally, the basis of structural racism is explored to demonstrate how the Muslims have become systematically victimized. The analysis concludes that Muslims are significantly disadvantaged in Australia on the basis of their ethnicity and religion.

The mouse secretome: functional classification of the proteins secreted into the extracellular environment

We have developed a computational strategy to identify the set of soluble proteins secreted into the extracellular environment of a cell. Within the protein sequences predominantly derived from the RIKEN representative transcript and protein set, we identified 2033 unique soluble proteins that are potentially secreted from the cell. These proteins contain a signal peptide required for entry into the secretory pathway and lack any transmembrane domains or intracellular localization signals. This class of proteins, which we have termed the mouse secretome, included >500 novel proteins and 92 proteins

Carboxy-fluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester labeled papillomavirus virus-like particles fluoresce after internalization and interact with heparan sulfate for binding and entry

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect epithelial cells and are associated with genital carcinoma. Most epithelial cell lines express cell-surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) usually found attached to the protein core of proteoglycans. Our aim was to study how GAGs influenced HPV entry. Using a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT), preincubation of HPV virus-like particles (VLPs) with GAGs showed a dose-dependent inhibition of binding. The IC50 (50% inhibition) was only 0.5 mug/ml for heparin, 1 mug/ml for dextran sulfate, and 5-10 mug/ml for heparan sulfate from mucosal origin. Mutated chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines lacking heparan sulfate or all GAGs were unable to bind HPV VLPs. Here we also report a method to study internalization by using VLPs labeled with carboxy-fluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester, a fluorochrome that is only activated after cell entry. Pretreatment of labeled HPV VLPs with heparin inhibited uptake, suggesting a primary interaction between HPV and cell-surface heparan sulfate. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Graduate entry to medical studies: thoughts from 'down under' (editorial)

This invited editorial, reflecting on expectations of changing to graduate entry, eg enhanced maturity in the student cohort with greater self-sufficiency and taking of responsibility for learning in the context of adoption of a problem-based learning model, examines experiences of early post-change years and raises questions for contemplation by medical schools considering graduate entry.

Nem privado nem estatal: em busca de uma nova estrat??gia para a provis??o de servi??os p??blicos

A id??ia que anima este artigo ?? a de juntar argumentos que demonstrem a import??ncia de se reformar as rela????es do Estado com a sociedade para que a reforma do aparelho do Estado tenha sucesso. S??o discutidas as vantagens e desvantagens da provis??o dos servi??os p??blicos sociais por meio de organiza????es p??blicas n??o-estatais, como uma estrat??gia para superar a crise de governan??a do Estado contempor??neo e tamb??m como um caminho para reduzir a precariedade dos servi??os sociais. O esfor??o de supera????o da crise do Estado vem se traduzindo na redefini????o do modo de financiamento e da maneira de organizar a execu????o das pol??ticas p??blicas sociais, de forma a garantir efetividade na resposta ??s demandas sociais e maior efici??ncia na produ????o dos servi??os. A desestatiza????o da provis??o dos servi??os sociais coloca as sociedades democr??ticas diante do desafio de resolver como manter a responsabilidade do Estado frente ao interesse p??blico. Trata-se de responder como transitar do estatal para o p??blico, garantindo que a provis??o de servi??os p??blicos n??o dependa exclusivamente do Estado, sem que este abandone seu papel de financiador e regulador das atividades de interesse geral. O que n??o merece mais d??vidas ?? que a constitui????o de uma esfera p??blica que venha a atuar em simetria com o Estado e o mercado, como uma poss??vel solu????o duradoura e democr??tica para a produ????o de bens e servi??os sociais, atrav??s de organiza????es p??blicas n??o-estatais, passe a ser considerada como uma das principais tarefas te??ricas e pr??ticas que desafiam os atores sociais envolvidos com as quest??es da gest??o p??blica.

O PRONAF e os seus reflexos para a agricultura familiar

O presente trabalho busca através do estudo da modernização da agricultura, com foco no período de 1965-2012, compreender o papel do Estado na formulação de políticas agrícolas que conduz o desenvolvimento do modo de produção capitalista na agricultura. Utiliza-se como fonte de pesquisa dados secundários de agências governamentais, supranacionais e autores com tradição no estudo do tema, a fim de dissertar sobre as particularidades do desenvolvimento do capitalismo na agricultura em um país de economia dependente e subdesenvolvido. Para isso, faz-se necessário compreender o controle exercido pelo capital internacional sobre os elos estratégicos da economia, a perpetuação da segregação social e a superexploração do trabalho como base da sociedade nacional. Conclui-se que o Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF), política agrícola que surge em meados da década de 1990, criado para pequenos produtores, vem promovendo feitos similares à política agrícola formulada pelo Estado no período do regime militar que ficou classificado como modernização conservadora. Nesta direção, o PRONAF apresenta como estratégia o esforço de enquadrar agricultores familiares nos paradigmas da eficiência produtiva, que acaba resultando entre aqueles aptos (competitivos) e não aptos para a sobrevivência no mercado

Rio Branco, grand strategy and naval power

This article addresses Baron of Rio Branco's grand strategy and the role played by the naval reorganization program (1904-1910) in this context. The ensuing case study determined the domestic and international constraints that affected the program, as well as the worldview of the patron of Brazilian diplomacy regarding military power's instrumentality to foreign policy.

Swords into ploughshares? China's Soft Power strategy in Southeast Asia and its challenges1

Since the 1990s, alongside China's economic growth, the international community has fostered a general anxiety towards a "China threat." In order to relieve itself from suspicion, China adopted the dual strategies of "harmonious worldview" and "good neighbor policy." The strategies led to the use of soft power in China's foreign policy. China aimed to reduce security concerns implied by the threat theory by supporting an image that caters to international peace and development. This article seeks to explain how China achieves its interests in Southeast Asia through the use of soft power. The authors address the concepts of "harmonious worldview" and "good neighbor policy" and how the twin strategies and soft power have shaped China's foreign policy in recent years. This article aims to provide insights into China's policy options in Southeast Asia in the near future.

The tale of a Trojan horse or the quest for market access? China and the World Trade Organization

In 2001, China finally joined the WTO. The accession of China was looked forward to by many WTO members and China itself. However, observers had some fears that the Chinese accession would prove to be a Trojan horse, disrupting the working of the WTO. This paper looks into the Chinese accession and its involvement in the WTO Dispute Settlement and argues that these fears seem so far to be unfounded.