Understandings of transnational families in debates on Migration and development

International migration sets in motion a range of significant transnational processes that connect countries and people. How migration interacts with development and how policies might promote and enhance such interactions have, since the turn of the millennium, gained attention on the international agenda. The recognition that transnational practices connect migrants and their families across sending and receiving societies forms part of this debate. The ways in which policy debate employs and understands transnational family ties nevertheless remain underexplored. This article sets out to discern the understandings of the family in two (often intermingled) debates concerned with transnational interactions: The largely state and policydriven discourse on the potential benefits of migration on economic development, and the largely academic transnational family literature focusing on issues of care and the micro-politics of gender and generation. Emphasizing the relation between diverse migration-development dynamics and specific family positions, we ask whether an analytical point of departure in respective transnational motherhood, fatherhood or childhood is linked to emphasizing certain outcomes. We conclude by sketching important strands of inclusions and exclusions of family matters in policy discourse and suggest ways to better integrate a transnational family perspective in global migration-development policy.

Prior knowledge transfer across transcriptional data sets and technologies using compositional statistics yields new mislabelled ovarian cell line

Here, we describe gene expression compositional assignment (GECA), a powerful, yet simple method based on compositional statistics that can validate the transfer of prior knowledge, such as gene lists, into independent data sets, platforms and technologies. Transcriptional profiling has been used to derive gene lists that stratify patients into prognostic molecular subgroups and assess biomarker performance in the pre-clinical setting. Archived public data sets are an invaluable resource for subsequent in silico validation, though their use can lead to data integration issues. We show that GECA can be used without the need for normalising expression levels between data sets and can outperform rank-based correlation methods. To validate GECA, we demonstrate its success in the cross-platform transfer of gene lists in different domains including: bladder cancer staging, tumour site of origin and mislabelled cell lines. We also show its effectiveness in transferring an epithelial ovarian cancer prognostic gene signature across technologies, from a microarray to a next-generation sequencing setting. In a final case study, we predict the tumour site of origin and histopathology of epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines. In particular, we identify and validate the commonly-used cell line OVCAR-5 as non-ovarian, being gastrointestinal in origin. GECA is available as an open-source R package.

Project AWARE Sets New Records in 2015: 1,000 to Service, Friendships & Community

Project AWARE is the Iowa DNR's volunteer river cleanup.

Diagnóstico de suelos en cultivos de café (Coffea arabica L.), maíz (Zea mays L.) y frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), comunidad de Santa Julia, El Crucero, Managua

Uno de los parámetros de mayor importancia en la agricultura es el estado nutricional del suelo, así como el manejo de parte de los agricultores. En 2014, a través del programa para el Desarrollo Participativo Integral Rural (DEPARTIR)se efectuó un muestreo de suelos a profundidad de 25 cm en 34 lotes productivos de 17 unidades de producción, dedicadas a la producción de café (Coffea arabica), maíz ( Zea mays L.) y frijol (Phaseolusvulgaris L.) en la comunidad Santa Julia, El Crucero, Managua. Se analizaron los factores que condicionan el uso del suelo, a través de análisis de correlación, ANDEVA y análisis de correspondencia en N, P,K, Mg, Ca, MO, CO y pH. El N total,y altitudfueron correlacionadas. El 95% de las áreas presentaron 10.5 hectáreas, con predominancia decultivo de café. Lafertilización químicaes unapráctica común en las unidades productivasy cultivos estudiados. Los muestreos efectuados en las parcelas de maíz fueron homogéneos a lo interno y externo de las unidades productivas; no así en el cultivo de café. Las áreas de siembra, destino de la producción y la aplicación de fertilizantes químicos, presentaron una alta relación.

Captación y almacenamiento de agua de lluvia, mediante el uso de pilas de captación en la comunidad Santa Julia, El Crucero, Managua, 2016

El presente trabajo de culminación de estudio se realizó en la comunidad santa Julia, El Crucero municipio de Managua, el objetivo principal del estudio es demostrar que el agua de lluvia, contribuye al buen aprovechamiento del agua en santa Julia El Crucero. La poca disponibilidad de agua para uso doméstico y agrícola es la principal problemática demandada por las familias de la comunidad ya que no cuentan con una fuente donde puedan abastecerse poniéndolos en alerta. Durante las diferentes etapas se implementaron herramientas metodológicas (diagnóstico participativo, encuestas, matriz de priorización de los problemas). La metodología utilizada se dividió en tres fases la primera estuvo orientada a la planificación y coordinación con la comunidad en donde se dio el involucramiento de los estudiantes, la fase dos consistió en el trabajo de campo mediante un diagnóstico para conocer las características socioeconómicas de las población, ubicación de las estructura de captación de agua, y el cálculo de la demanda de agua por familia, por otra parte la última fase consto del análisis de la información obtenida. Se encontró en los resultados del estudio que solo tres familias cuentan con el servicio básico de agua potable, sin embargo muchas familias son abastecidas por medio de cisternas enviadas por la alcaldía del crucero una vez a la semana. En su mayoría de las familias son propietarios de sus terrenos lo que conlleva a su permanencia dentro de la comunidad durante todo el año, el grado de organización es muy marcado destacándose la cooperativa de mujeres Gloria Quintanilla y la cooperativa de pequeños productores, el estado de las viviendas de la comunidad en intervención se encuentran en condiciones buenas valorando el techo, pared y piso.

Of sets of offsets: Cumulative impacts and strategies for compensatory restoration

Biodiversity offsets are increasingly advocated as a flexible approach to managing the ecological costs of economic development. Arguably, however, this remains an area where policy-making has run ahead of science. A growing number of studies identify limitations of offsets in achieving ecologically sustainable outcomes, pointing to ethical and implementation issues that may undermine their effectiveness. We develop a novel system dynamic modelling framework to analyze the no net loss objective of development and biodiversity offsets. The modelling framework considers a marine-based example, where resource abundance depends on a habitat that is affected by a sequence of development projects, and biodiversity offsets are understood as habitat restoration actions. The model is used to explore the implications of four alternative offset management strategies for a regulator, which differ in how net loss is measured, and whether and how the cumulative impacts of development are considered. Our results confirm that, when it comes to offsets as a conservation tool, the devil lies in the details. Approaches to determining the magnitude of offsets required, as well as their timing and allocation among multiple developers, can result in potentially complex and undesired sets of economic incentives, with direct impacts on the ability to meet the overall objective of ecologically sustainable development. The approach and insights are of direct interest to conservation policy design in a broad range of marine and coastal contexts.

Savani: A variable resolution whole-mantle model of anisotropic shear velocity variations based on multiple data sets

International audience