In optics humidity compensation in NDIR exhaust gas measurements of NO2

NDIR is proposed for monitoring of air pollutants emitted by ship engines. Careful optical filtering overcomes the challenge of optical detection of NO2 in humid exhaust gas, despite spectroscopic overlap with the water vapour band.

Changes in significant and maximum wave heights in the Norwegian Sea

This paper analyses 10 years of in-situ measurements of significant wave height (Hs) and maximum wave height (Hmax) from the ocean weather ship Polarfront in the Norwegian Sea. The 30-minute Ship-Borne Wave Recorder measurements of Hmax and Hs are shown to be consistent with theoretical wave distributions. The linear regression between Hmax and Hs has a slope of 1.53. Neither Hs nor Hmax show a significant trend in the period 2000–2009. These data are combined with earlier observations. The long-term trend over the period 1980–2009 in annual Hs is 2.72 ± 0.88 cm/year. Mean Hs and Hmax are both correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index during winter. The correlation with the NAO index is highest for the more frequently encountered (75th percentile) wave heights. The wave field variability associated with the NAO index is reconstructed using a 500-year NAO index record. Hs and Hmax are found to vary by up to 1.42 m and 3.10 m respectively over the 500-year period. Trends in all 30-year segments of the reconstructed wave field are lower than the trend in the observations during 1980–2009. The NAO index does not change significantly in 21st century projections from CMIP5 climate models under scenario RCP85, and thus no NAO-related changes are expected in the mean and extreme wave fields of the Norwegian Sea.

Wave height analysis from 10 years of observations in the Norwegian Sea

Large waves pose risks to ships, offshore structures, coastal infrastructure and ecosystems. This paper analyses 10 years of in-situ measurements of significant wave height (Hs) and maximum wave height (Hmax) from the ocean weather ship Polarfront in the Norwegian Sea. During the period 2000 to 2009, surface elevation was recorded every 0.59 s during sampling periods of 30 min. The Hmax observations scale linearly with Hs on average. A widely-used empirical Weibull distribution is found to estimate average values of Hmax/Hs and Hmax better than a Rayleigh distribution, but tends to underestimate both for all but the smallest waves. In this paper we propose a modified Rayleigh distribution which compensates for the heterogeneity of the observed dataset: the distribution is fitted to the whole dataset and improves the estimate of the largest waves. Over the 10-year period, the Weibull distribution approximates the observed Hs and Hmax well, and an exponential function can be used to predict the probability distribution function of the ratio Hmax/Hs. However, the Weibull distribution tends to underestimate the occurrence of extremely large values of Hs and Hmax. The persistence of Hs and Hmax in winter is also examined. Wave fields with Hs>12 m and Hmax>16 m do not last longer than 3 h. Low-to-moderate wave heights that persist for more than 12 h dominate the relationship of the wave field with the winter NAO index over 2000–2009. In contrast, the inter-annual variability of wave fields with Hs>5.5 m or Hmax>8.5 m and wave fields persisting over ~2.5 days is not associated with the winter NAO index.

In situ observations in cyclones over Fram Strait

During the international FRAMZY expedition in March 2002 in-situ observations of Fram Strait cyclones were made by aircraft, ship and automatic buoys in order to study the interaction between cyclones and sea ice. The atmospheric characteristics of the observed cyclones are presented in this paper. The cyclones were generated in the baroclinic zone at the ice edge and moved NNE-ward along the ice edge. This was supported by warm air advection from WSW by an upper-level wave. The cyclones were rather small (diameter 200– 700 km) and shallow (1–1.5 km e-folding height for the horizontal pressure and temperature difference) with life times between 12 and 36 hours. In spite of the small space and time scales, remarkable extremes were observed within the cyclones. Winds reached maxima above 20 ms−1 lasting for only a few hours. The transition from the cold to the advancing warm air over sea ice occurred within narrow (5–30 km) frontal zones in which vorticity and convergence reached maxima on the order of 10−3 s−1. It is discussed whether the sea ice in spite of its inertia is able to react on these strong sub cyclone-scale processes and, thus, these processes have to be taken into account in models in order to simulate the cyclone-sea ice interaction properly.

Going with the floe

Julia Wilkinson and a Zooniverse citizen-science team examine Arctic auroral data, using observations from the ill-fated 19th-century Arctic exploration ship USS Jeannette.

Assessing the diurnal evolution of surface radiation balance over the western region of Tropical Atlantic Ocean using in situ measurements carried out during the FluTuA balance Project

In this work, the diurnal evolution of the radiation balance components over the tropical Atlantic Ocean is described and analysed. The analysis is based on measurements carried Out on board a Brazilian Navy ship during the observational campaign of the FluTuA Project (`Fluxos Turbulentos sobre o Atlantico`), from 15 to 23 May 2002. The observations indicated that the albedo responds its expected to atmospheric attenuation effects with a diurnal evolution similar to the Fresnel albedo. In general, the observed longwave radiation values agreed better with the estimated values obtained without longwave reflection. In agreement with the literature, the average surface emissivity was around 0.97. The net radiation, estimated from published equations for albedo, atmospheric transmissivity and surface emissivity, agreed with the observations, indicating that these parameters are representative of the radiometric properties of the air-sea interface in the region between Natal (6 degrees S, 35.2 degrees W) and the Sao Pedro and Sao Paulo Archipelago (1 degrees N, 29.3 degrees W). Copyright (C) 2008 Royal Meteorological Society

Com a palavra mate com angu: uma intervenção estética no município de Duque de Caxias

Nas sociedades contemporâneas a cidadania cultural é um tema a ser enfrentado ao lado da defesa por uma melhor qualidade de vida material, ambiental, econômica e social. Assim, o direito à liberdade de criação, informação, expressão da diversidade entre outros, apresentam-se como desafios e fundamentos para uma verdadeira democracia cultural.O presente trabalho encontra-se inserido no campo dos estudos de novas práticas de cidadania exercidas particularmente por movimentos culturais. Nosso objeto de pesquisa foi o cineclube Mate com Angu, localizado na Baixada Fluminense.Por meio de entrevistas temáticas, buscamos aferir como cinco integrantes do grupo formulam e realizam sua proposta de intervenção social e estética, e interagem com sua comunidade Duque de Caxias utilizando a linguagem audiovisual.Os argumentos e as práticas do Mate com Angu revelaram que embora o compromisso central do grupo seja no campo estético, suas atividades trazem implicações também nos campos político e social, influenciando a vida e a cultura da comunidade caxiense. Desse modo constatamos que suas intervenções contribuem para a ampliação do conceito de cidadania, e particularmente para a construção dos direitos culturais.

Ambiente interno : a participação e o envolvimento das pessoas na busca do diferencial competitivo

Day after day, even small companies and multinationals brands need to compete in a worldwide market. All kind of global strategies have to involve production and regional market knowledge. Still being essential for company have a complete view of it market and it right position to gain competitive advantage. In a global market, get possible for the companies be in touch with last generation technologies and equipment's and all kind of research. Companies like that should develop products focused in customer's desire, even those extremely strict. Specifically in our country, as hard as we could think, the companies have access to credit lines, to the fiscal incentives offered by the states that alliance with the market potential are making possible the appearance of a lot companies and the growth of the companies already existent. However, these resources alone don't produce results to the company if it doesn't possess an internal organization able to assimilate the new market situation. The companies have to be able to apply the maximum resources offered by new technologies and understand how a communications facility means solution for many internal problems. In short terms, technology, financial resources, research and knowledge are available, however, the human resources might be prepared and developed in order to become the whole knowledge in profits. According 'JURAN' and his Total Quality Control philosophy the human resources playing fundamental role in the process, and in my opinion a company is something like a ship where all must be prepared to hold the rudder. I will develop a basic job looking for productivity and company's development through the people's involvement, focused in process of motivation, creativity and staff valorization. I believe that there no good production process without those requirements. Based on real case of a automotive parts and foundry company, located in Bento Gonçalves - RS, this work will look for to organize it mainly in its Industrial Division, adopting in participate administration where, through a information system and personnel involvement we will seek all favorable conditions to politics and strategies in get the growth of company.

Acerca da família nuclear

Este trabalho é motivado por uma questão básica, presente, atual: A família nuclear estaria sofrendo uma transformação em sua organização. Especificamente a dissolubilidade dos laços matrimoniais estaria contribuindo para uma diferente ordenação das relações de parentesco. O modelo familiar proposto, aqui no Brasil, pela Igreja e pela higiene, como procuramos demonstrar no texto, está, ao menos no que diz respeito à classe média da população, sendo descaracterizado por um tipo de relacionamento afetivo diverso do casamento tradicional "até que a morte os separe". Esta pergunta se amplia numa questão maior: ou a organização familiar transforma-se através da história, através das diferentes formações sociais, ou a família nuclear, objeto da nossa pesquisa, é um sempre-existente; ou seja, desde que o homem se aculturou a forma de organização familiar se restringiu, com variações que não passariam de meras exceções, meros desvios da estrutura primordial (a família restrita), como querem alguns autores? A nossa resposta a esta questão é claramente a favor do ponto de vista que afirma a transformação da organização familiar através dos tempos, portanto através da história, e o que é mais importante, através de diferentes formações sociais. Assim sendo, fomos levados, não só pela nossa prática, mas principalmente pela íntima ligação que a pesquisa histórica revela entre o surgimento da psicanálise e a sedimentação do modelo da família restrita, pelo novo poder de "gerir a vida", ou seja, um poder que, ao invés de tirar a vida daqueles que não o servem a contento, se interessa em extrair da vida tudo que de melhor ela pode dar, um poder a quem interessa uma qualidade cada vez maior de corpos, a fim de explorar a maior quantidade possível de produção. A família por si só é um problema. Trata-se de uma instituição que obriga a todas as ciências humanas, inclusive a medicina, a se depararem com ela em suas respectivas práticas, seja esta prática empírica ou teórica. Daí, por tratar-se de um trabalho teórico, tornou-se necessário percorrer vários saberes, os mais notáveis no nosso entender, para poder atingir os nossos objetivos.

O impacto das diferenças culturais na rotina de trabalho de uma tripulação marítima composto por brasileiros e estrangeiros

Trabalhar embarcado no mesmo navio, pode representar um desafio para os tripulantes estrangeiros e brasileiros da empresa Alfa Navegações, devido às diferenças de valores e crenças dessas culturas manifestas no dia a dia desta tripulação marítima. O principal objetivo nesta dissertação é sinalizar impactos na socialização do convívio a bordo entre tripulação mista. Esta pesquisa investigou a construção de um cotidiano intercultural a partir da convivência entre brasileiros e estrangeiros na filial brasileira da empresa Alfa Navegações. O marco teórico foi construído por meio de fundamentos sobre cultura organizacional, relações interculturais e cultura brasileira para compreensão e análise do cotidiano. A metodologia de pesquisa adotada neste trabalho foi o estudo de caso, com ênfase qualitativa. Foi utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada como instrumento principal de coleta de dados. Concluiu-se que as barreiras culturais na comunicação e na adaptação dos tripulantes no convívio intercultural recaem no idioma. Isto reforça os conceitos expostos no marco teórico sobre a necessidade do treinamento intercultural e aprendizagem de outro idioma para auxiliar o convívio entre culturas diferentes. Com isso, notou-se a necessidade de aprender a lidar com outras culturas, tendo em vista o novo cenário internacional, devido ao aumento do trânsito de pessoas e de ideias de fontes culturais diferentes, e que nas relações sociais a questão intercultural tornou-se crucial. Isto ocorre não somente com aqueles que aceitam o desafio de viver ou trabalhar no exterior, mas também com aqueles que recebem estes profissionais e com eles convivem no cotidiano.

Fisioterapia e sociedade: ações do Sistema Único de Saúde no Rio Grande do Norte

The work has objective to present actions of Physiotherapy, developed by SUS in the State of Rio Grande do Norte; discuss under the humanization point of view such actions of health; discuss the importance of physioterapy to the Norte-Riograndense, or maybe its role in the perpetuation of actions of health centered in the binomial cause/efect. The study was done in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. The data were obtained through public sources gathered in the health secretrary ship of this State. The collected data talks about physiotherapy sections developed by SUS in several areas of the State; such data was collected and analysed after the aproval of Ethic and Resarch Committee of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Concerning the physiotherapy, along with the State Health Secretaryship of the State fo Rio Grande do Norte, there were only records of attending based on cure/rehabillitation, not being observed during the curse of study, any record or action of prevention, promotion and protection towards health. It s possible to notice that there is a highligth to the interventions focusing on the treatment of illness of rheumatic origin and general complaints related to the vertebral column. Such research evidenced that the Physiotherapy in the SUS in the State priorizes the individualized attending centered in the carteziano health/illness model, where the developde actions are turned to the curative and rehabilliting attention, with role fo some or no highligth in the primary attention

Rigitano: nova cultivar de umezeiro para porta-enxerto de pessegueiro

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Liberdades possíveis em espaços periféricos: escravidão e alforria no termo da vila de Arez (séculos xviii e xix)

This paper discusses aspects of the slavery and emancipations in the village of Arez between the last quarter of the eighteenth century and the first decades of the nineteenth century. It seeks to identify the profile of the slaves and the emancipation possibilities in a peripheral region with few commercial activities, given that the most of the approaches about manumission consider towns and cities where the economic dynamics ware more pronounced, as places of higher possibilities of slaves working in diverse activities that allowed them to accumulate a reserve fund and thus buy their freedom. Therefore it was necessary to raise evidences of slavery in the case study, which was based on surveys of the eighteenth century, and the first decades of the nineteenth century and some population maps and civil records related to the early nineteenth century. The information about the manumission acts were analyzed based on writs of freedom registered in the village of Arez between 1774 and 1827 due to the absence of other documents about it. The registry books include all the documents of the Arez community; so, it was possible to observe what happened in rural localities, in the town, in the headquarters of the district and in the village of Goianinha. Based on information from the documents, it was possible to address some aspects of slavery like the predominant types of groups, the possible activities in which slaves were inserted and the profile of the freed slaves, the emancipation modes and, therefore, discuss the possible relations ship between the colonial space and manumissions and between masters and slaves