EFL teachers' perceptions and experiences of blended learning in a Vietnamese university

This qualitative study investigates English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' perceptions and practices of blended learning in a Vietnamese university and influencing factors. Findings revealed that teachers have limited understandings and use of blended learning due to three primary influential factors: (i) the traditional teacher-centred pedagogy, (ii) institutional management and leadership styles, and (iii) fragmented knowledge of technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK) for blended learning. To improve the take up and potential benefits of blended learning in EFL education in Vietnamese universities, this study proposes (i) a systematic understanding of blended learning concepts, (ii) a localised TPACK framework, and (iii) a model of teacher professional development program.

Rediscovering law students as citizens: Critical thinking and the public value of legal education

In a series of publications over the last decade, Australian National University Professor Margaret Thornton has documented a disturbing change in the nature of legal education. This body of work culminates in a recently published book based on interviews with 145 legal academics in Australia, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Canada. In it, Thornton describes a feeling of widespread unease among legal academics that society, government, university administrators and students themselves are moving away from viewing legal education as a public good which benefits both students and society. Instead, legal education is increasingly being viewed as a purely private good, for consumption by the student in the quest for individual career enhancement.

Statistical literacy in the elementary school: Opportunities for problem posing

This chapter addresses opportunities for problem posing in developing young children’s statistical literacy, with a focus on student-directed investigations. Although the notion of problem posing has broadened in recent years, there nevertheless remains limited research on how problem posing can be integrated within the regular mathematics curriculum, especially in the areas of statistics and probability. The chapter first reviews briefly aspects of problem posing that have featured in the literature over the years. Consideration is next given to the importance of developing children’s statistical literacy in which problem posing is an inherent feature. Some findings from a school playground investigation conducted in four, fourth-grade classes illustrate the different ways in which children posed investigative questions, how they made predictions about their outcomes and compared these with their findings, and the ways in which they chose to represent their findings.

How Jung's concept of the wounded healer can guide learning and teaching in social work and human services

The concept of the “wounded healer” has been used to explain why those with adverse childhood histories often enter helping professions such as social work and human services (SWHS). Psychotherapist Carl Jung (1875–1961) believed wounded healers developed insight and resilience from their own experiences, enabling transformative interventions to occur with clients. Concerns exist that students with adverse childhood histories in SWHS may display unresolved emotional issues. This journal article explores how Jung’s interpretation of the wounded healer can be critically applied to understanding the learning needs of SWHS students with histories of abuse, neglect or other childhood adversity. The relevance of the wounded healer to SWHS education is explored in three key areas: - 1) the increased possibility of the occurrence of countertransference; - 2) the potential for vicarious traumatisation and burnout, and; - 3) personal and professional resilience displayed by SWHS students with a history of childhood adversity. The wounded healer metaphor allows for a more nuanced understanding of SWHS students with these histories. It also provides insight into the pedagogical considerations associated with teaching this student cohort.

The regional differences between countries in traffic safety: A cross-cultural study and Turkish Case

Road traffic accidents are a large problem everywhere in the world. However, regional differences in traffic safety between countries are considerable. For example, traffic safety records are much worse in Southern Europe and the Middle East than in Northern and Western Europe. Despite the large regional differences in traffic safety, factors contributing to different accident risk figures in different countries and regions have remained largely unstudied. The general aim of this study was to investigate regional differences in traffic safety between Southern European/Middle Eastern (i.e., Greece, Iran, Turkey) and Northern/Western European (i.e., Finland, Great Britain, The Netherlands) countries and to identify factors related to these differences. We conducted seven sub-studies in which I applied a traffic culture framework, including a multi-level approach, to traffic safety. We used aggregated level data (national statistics), surveys among drivers, and data on traffic accidents and fatalities in the analyses. In the first study, we investigated the influence of macro level factors (i.e., economic, societal, and cultural) on traffic safety across countries. The results showed that a high GNP per capita and conservatism correlated with a low number of traffic fatalities, whereas a high degree of uncertainty avoidance, neuroticism, and egalitarianism correlated with a high number of traffic fatalities. In the second, third, and fourth studies, we examined whether the conceptualisation of road user characteristics (i.e., driver behaviour and performance) varied across traffic cultures and how these factors determined overall safety, and the differences between countries in traffic safety. The results showed that the factorial agreement for driver behaviour (i.e., aggressive driving) and performance (i.e., safety skills) was unsatisfactory in Greece, Iran, and Turkey, where the lack of social tolerance and interpersonal aggressive violations seem to be important characteristics of driving. In addition, we found that driver behaviour (i.e., aggressive violations and errors) mediated the relationship between culture/country and accidents. Besides, drivers from "dangerous" Southern European countries and Iran scored higher on aggressive violations and errors than did drivers from "safe" Northern European countries. However, "speeding" appeared to be a "pan-cultural" problem in traffic. Similarly, aggressive driving seems largely depend on road users' interactions and drivers' interpretation (i.e., cognitive biases) of the behaviour of others in every country involved in the study. Moreover, in all countries, a risky general driving style was mostly related to being young and male. The results of the fifth and sixth studies showed that among young Turkish drivers, gender stereotypes (i.e., masculinity and femininity) greatly influence driver behaviour and performance. Feminine drivers were safety-oriented whereas masculine drivers were skill-oriented and risky drivers. Since everyday driving tasks involve not only erroneous (i.e., risky or dangerous driving) or correct performance (i.e., normal habitual driving), but also "positive" driver behaviours, we developed a reliable scale for measuring "positive" driver behaviours among Turkish drivers in the seventh study. Consequently, I revised Reason's model [Reason, J. T., 1990. Human error. Cambridge University Press: New York] of aberrant driver behaviour to represent a general driving style, including all possible intentional behaviours in traffic while evaluating the differences between countries in traffic safety. The results emphasise the importance of economic, societal and cultural factors, general driving style and skills, which are related to exposure, cognitive biases as well as age, sex, and gender, in differences between countries in traffic safety.

Uskonnonopetuksen tunnustuksellisuus koulun kiistakysymyksenä : Evankelinen herätysliike oppivelvollisuuskoulun kristillisyyden asialla 1912-1926

In the early years of independence the Finnish school system went through a major change. Both the Compulsory school attendance act (1921) and the Religious freedom act (1923) were legislated almost simultaneously. Although the legislators were deciding on the whole content of the citizenship education given in the compulsory school, their attention was mainly concentrated on the issue of the religious education. The former study concerning the subject shows that this issue was strongly influenced by the political power struggle between the conservative and the socialist parties. One of the underlying factors was also the Church s decreased authority concerning the elementary school. The aim of this research was to study the Finnish evangelical movement s attitude and opinions on the issue of religious education and on its status and nature. Their opinions on the issue were especially investigated from the point of view of their own evangelical lower elementary school teachers seminar, which was deeply connected with the matter of confessionalism. The source material of this research of educational history consist of documents of the school administration and the Lutheran Evangelical Association as well as of vast collection of educational, Church s and evangelical movement s journals. According to the results of this study, the evangelical movement plead very strongly for denominational religious education. However, the confessionalism they were pursuing differed from the common understanding of the concept at that time. This became evident both because of their demands for increased education on the Christian doctrine and because of their sharp criticism against loosely confessional, generally Christian religious education. The evangelical movement s strict opinion was combined with their effort to emphasize the Lutherian doctrine in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Finland. The founding of the Evangelical seminar for lower elementary school teachers in Karkku was a significant indication of the evangelical movement s dedication to strive towards school s Christianity. The objective of the evangelical seminar was to change the school by means of training evangelical minded teachers. The seminar was only a part of much larger plans of evangelical education and home missionary work. However, maintaining the seminar proved to be impossible, especially as the National Board of Education was absolutely against it, claiming that it would endanger the unity of the compulsory school. The National Board of Education indicated that the objectivity of citizenship education would be forfeit, if every marginal ideological movement could educate their own teachers.

Surveying the field: Primary school teachers’ conceptions of the literacy capabilities of recently graduated primary school teachers

In 2015, ALEA National Council provided funds to support the implementation of a research project which was undertaken by a group of teacher educators and researchers from a range of universities across three Australian states. Stage one of the project, which is reported on here, examined primary school teachers’ perceptions of the personal and professional literacy capabilities of recently graduated primary school teachers. This stage of the project also examined primary school teachers’ perceptions of the impact of initial teacher education on the personal and professional literacy capabilities of recently graduated primary school teachers. The project team, led by Associate Professor Beryl Exley (Queensland University of Technology), included Chief Investigators Dr Eileen Honan (The University of Queensland), Associate Professor Lisa Kervin (University of Wollongong), Associate Professor Alyson Simpson (University of Sydney) and Dr Muriel Wells (Deakin University), with Dr Sandy Muspratt as the Statistical Analyst and Lesley Friend as the Research Assistant with primary responsibility for the publication of the online survey.

Hebrew College collection, 1928-1996

Louis Hurwich, then superintendent of the Bureau of Jewish Education of Boston, founded Hebrew Teacher’s College in 1921. Hurwich was concerned about Jewish teachers leaving the field of Jewish education for other professions and sought an educational system that promoted Hebrew literacy at all levels. Hebrew Teacher’s College was also responsible for maintaining Hebrew High School (Prozdor), located at 14 Crawford Street in Roxbury, Massachusetts. Those students who graduated from the high school could matriculate to Hebrew Teacher’s College without having to take an exam. In 1943, the high school offered Talmud classes in addition to its regular curriculum, with studies in the Bible, Hebrew, Jewish History, and codes and customs. In 2002, the College moved to its current location in Newton, Massachusetts. One year later, it opened its Rabbinical School. This collection contains brochures, catalogs, commencement addresses, event fliers, invitations, pamphlets and publications.

The gradual release of responsibility: A case study of teaching science inquiry skills

This thesis investigated how a year-4 teacher used a pedagogical approach referred to as the Gradual Release of Responsibility (GRR) model of instruction for teaching Science Inquiry Skills in a primary classroom. Through scaffolding her students' learning using the GRR, the teacher guided her students towards developing an understanding about Scientific Inquiry leading to the foundations of scientific literacy. A learning environment was established in which students engaged in rich conversations, designed and conducted experiments using fair testing procedures, analysed and offered justifications for results, and negotiated knowledge claims in ways similar to some of those in the scientific community.

Interview with Barbara Comber in "Chapter 3 : Critical Literacy" of "Making Literacy Real : Theories and Practices for Learning and Teaching [2nd. Ed.]"

One of the so-called ‘wicked problems’ confronting most nations is poverty, or the unequal distribution of resources. This problem is perennial, but how, where and with which physical, psychological, social and educational effects, and for which students (and their teachers), needs continual scrutiny. Poverty is relative. Entire populations may be poor or groups of people and individuals within nations may be poor. Poverty results from injustice. Not only the un- and under-employed are living in poverty, but also the ‘working poor’. Now we see affluent societies with growing pockets of persistent poverty. While there are those who dispute the statistics on the rise of poverty because different nations use different measures (for example see Biddle, 2013; http://theconversation.com/factcheck-is-poverty-on-the-rise-in-australia-17512), there seems to be little dispute that the gaps between the richest and the poorest are increasing (see http://www.stanford.edu/group/scspi/sotu/SOTU_2014_CPI.pdf)...

A stylometric study and assessment of machine translators

In this work we present a statistical approach inspired by stylometry -measurement of author style- to study the characteristics of machine translators. Our approach quantifies the style of a translator in terms of the properties derived from the distribution of stopwords in its output - a standard approach in modern stylometry. Our study enables us to match translated text to the source machine translator that generated them. Also, the stylometric closeness of human generated text to that generated by machine translators provides handles to assess the quality of machine translators.

Educação em sexualidade na escola: entre a normalização e a perspectiva dos direitos humanos

Esta dissertação busca analisar os discursos e práticas sobre educação em sexualidade que se produzem contemporaneamente e que têm a escola como lócus mediante um estudo de caso. Foram examinadas as proposições em projetos e políticas públicas sobre a educação nessa temática. Escolheu-se como estudo de caso o curso Gênero e Diversidade na Escola (GDE), realizado no ano de 2010, oferecido pelo Centro Latino Americano em Sexualidade e Direitos Humanos, na Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de um curso semipresencial de extensão que visa à formação de professores da Educação Básica na temática de gênero, diversidade sexual e relações étnico-raciais. Foi realizada uma análise documental utilizando os registros escritos produzidos por professores cursistas que participaram do mencionado curso. O objetivo era identificar as tensões existentes entre ideias prévias dos participantes e o conteúdo posto em debate, caracterizado por uma perspectiva dos direitos humanos. A partir da análise das políticas públicas e dos discursos dos professores sobre sexualidade, considera-se que a escola se constitui como instância comprometida com uma perspectiva normalizadora. A construção da perspectiva dos direitos humanos presente na proposição da maior parte das políticas contemporâneas é considerada um projeto ainda a ser realizado, tanto pela problematização dos aspectos normalizadores que elas mesmas contêm quanto a partir de iniciativas de formação de professores numa perspectiva crítica e dialógica.

Tradição e inovação: sentidos de currículo que se hibridizam nos discursos sobre o ensino de Ciências nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental

Este estudo se insere em uma abordagem Pós-estruturalista. Nele, o conceito de discurso desenvolvido por Laclau é utilizado como categoria de análise para investigar o processo de legitimação do saber científico. O conceito de recontextualização por hibridismo proposto por Lopes (2005; 2006a) orienta a análise dos discursos produzidos nos diferentes contextos de produção curricular, a partir da abordagem do ciclo de políticas desenvolvida por Bowe, Ball e Gold (1992)e Ball (1994). No trabalho, são identificadas as demandas articuladas nos discursos de uma comunidade de pesquisadores que têm investigado o ensino de ciências nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. O estudo também apresenta uma reflexão produzida a partir de dados reunidos em uma pesquisa de cunho etnográfico,realizada em duas escolas da rede municipal de ensino do município do Rio de Janeiro. As análises indicam que o discurso educacional sobre o ensino de ciências expressa sentidos em disputa que oscilam entre a incorporação de novos paradigmas de ciência e de currículo e a manutenção de marcas que procuram preservar a ciência como conhecimento superior, contribuindo para a reafirmação dos princípios racionais que estão na base de constituição da escola como instituição da modernidade e associadas ao processo de hegemonização desse saber.

Avaliação de textos produzidos na aula de língua portuguesa: abordagens teóricas, questões didático-metodológicas e suas repercussões

Dentro do contexto da avaliação formativa, as práticas de correção dos textos produzidos devem ser entendidas não como medição da aprendizagem, mas principalmente como uma pesquisa, elas devem avaliar o aluno, o professor, o processo, as práticas enunciativas, a mediação, a escola e mesmo a família. Contudo, apesar de essa abordagem sobre a avaliação ser compatível com a concepção sócio-histórica e cognitiva da linguagem, que por sua vez é consoante com as orientações dos PCN de Língua Portuguesa, ela parece ainda se mostrar distante dos métodos adotados pelos professores. O objetivo geral desta dissertação é identificar as abordagens teóricas que subjazem aos métodos avaliativos de professores do ensino fundamental em relação à produção textual. Como objetivos específicos buscou-se (i) mapear os modelos de correção textual utilizado por esses professores a fim de oferecer um panorama sobre a realidade do ensino-aprendizagem da escrita; e (ii) organizar um material teórico capaz de embasar a prática avaliativa não apenas como um componente do ato pedagógico, mas também como componente simbólico da construção da imagem que o aluno tem sobre si e sobre sua capacidade de escrever. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa constituída por dois corpora, organizados a partir dos seguintes instrumentos: entrevista semiestruturada com sete professores que lecionam no terceiro e quarto ciclos do ensino fundamental em escolas públicas e/ou particulares; e textos escritos por alunos e corrigidos pelos mesmos professores-informantes. Constituindo um total de 35 documentos, cinco de cada professor e 3h48min de gravações transcritas. Para análise dos corpora optou-se pelo paradigma interpretativista, aliado ao paradigma indiciário, que busca olhar para além das recorrências, os dados episódicos, singulares, dados que possam ajudar a levantar hipóteses sobre uma realidade não observável por via direta. Em relação às abordagens teóricas, podem-se perceber três manifestações: (i) as que são focadas no sistema, observável quando o professor privilegia aspectos formais e quando suas marcações, ainda que busquem o aspecto discursivo, não são suficientes para que os alunos efetuem reflexões sobre o uso da língua; (ii) as que flutuam entre o estruturalismo e o sociointeracionismo, quando o professor, embora se utilize de práticas mais interacionais ainda deixa amplo espaço para correções formais; (iii) as que são eminentemente sociointeracionistas, em cujas marcas avaliativas pode-se observar respeito pela autoria, apreciação do texto, interferência significativa e convite à reflexão. Dessas práticas emergem dois papéis sociais dicotômicos assumidos pelo professor: o de revisor, que tem profunda relação com práticas avaliativas de medição, e o de leitor-avaliador, em que se pode perceber, além de métodos ligados ao sociointeracionismo e às práticas avaliativas formativas um outro aspecto singular: a afetividade. Para discorrer sobre cada um desses aspectos propostos, construiu-se uma revisão bibliográfica que buscou incorporar à discussão teórico-metodológica questões de ordem subjetivas, que orientam pensar a escrita não só sob seu aspecto sócio-histórico e cognitivo, mas também afetivo