Organisation de l'information et des données statistiques dans le domaine de l'environnement: propositions méthodologiques

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Le traitement de la terminologie dans les ressources lexicographiques. Etude du domaine des énergies renouvelables

La nostra tesi affronta il tema del trattamento della terminologia nelle risorse lessicografiche monolingui e bilingui. Nella società contemporanea, il progresso tecnico-scientifico e la democratizzazione del sapere attuano una migrazione del lessico specialistico verso la lingua corrente. Una delle conseguenze di questa dinamica linguistica è la necessità di includere i tecnicismi nei dizionari destinati al grande pubblico. L'attenzione dei lessicografi si focalizza su quei settori che hanno un forte impatto sociale. Il nostro studio riguarda,nello specifico, il trattamento lessicografico riservato alla terminologia delle energie rinnovabili.

Les conflits et les rapports de force dans la langue. Le dominant et le domine dans le domaine scolaire

La standardisation de la langue française a inévitablement eu des conséquences soit dans l’attitude de défense du français, soit dans l’inquiétude de ceux qui parlent une autre langue. Cette étude veut établir une comparaison entre le rapport langue du pouvoir/langues non officielles et le rapport professeur/élève en milieu scolaire. La distinction entre langue officielle et dites « langues minoritaires » sera mis en relation avec la langue des jeunes, qui, à l’école, se confrontent et entrent en collision avec la langue de leur professeur. En effet, les classes hétérogènes et l’influence de la langue maternelle auprès des élèves, fils d’immigrés, exposent les enseignants à toute une série de difficultés liées aux différences culturelles. Les dénonciations et les cas de violence dans les écoles mettront l’accent également sur l’opinion publique et sur le type de mesures mises en relief par les Institutions publiques. L’aire géographique prise en considération inclut Paris et ses environs même si quelques exemples d’enquêtes menées dans d’autres parties de la France et à l’étranger seront cités.

Le projet Lbc, une ressource "hybride" au service du traducteur dans le domaine artistique et culturel. Analyse de la terminologie de la sculpture dans les traductions francaises de la Vita di Michelangelo

Il presente lavoro mette in evidenza le principali difficoltà che il traduttore di testi specialistici è chiamato ad affrontare durante la pratica della traduzione. In particolar modo, il nostro studio si concentra sulla figura del traduttore che lavora in ambito artistico : oggigiorno la facilità degli spostamenti e il conseguente aumento del turismo culturale hanno reso la traduzione di dépliant, guide turistiche e cataloghi una pratica necessaria e in continua crescita. L’obiettivo prefissato è quello di verificare l’apporto che le risorse lessicografiche e terminologiche attualmente disponibili danno al traduttore di testi a contenuto artistico. Il nostro lavoro si articola in quattro capitoli. Il primo, di stampo teorico, pone l’accento sulla natura polisemica della parola terminologia (disciplina, metodologia e insieme di termini appartenenti ad un ambito specialistico) e sulla distinzione tra pratica terminologica e traduttiva gettando le basi del secondo capitolo che, partendo dall'esposizione degli ostacoli terminologici incontrati dal traduttore, descrive le lacune dei principali dizionari bilingui italiano-francese e delle basi di dati terminologiche oggi a disposizione. Il terzo capitolo, dedicato alla presentazione del progetto Lessico multilingue dei beni culturali (LBC), ne evidenzia i punti di forza e sottolinea la necessità di creare degli strumenti “ibridi”, concepiti per aiutare il traduttore in ambito artistico. Questa conclusione sarà ulteriormente ribadita nel quarto capitolo, di stampo pratico : l’analisi di una quindicina di termini dell’ambito della scultura (estratti dal corpus de La Vita di Michelangelo, appositamente creato nell'ambito del progetto LBC) mostra l’eccessivo numero di strumenti che il traduttore è costretto a consultare per risolvere adeguatamente le difficoltà incontrate, pratica che non rispecchia più il mestiere della traduzione, all'interno della società dell’informazione, sempre più influenzato dalle scadenze imposte.

Rapport fait à l'Académie impériale de Metz sur les nouvelles recherches de Léopold Dukes dans le domaine de la poésie hébraique et de la philosophie morale des Juifs mauresques-espagnols du 10. au 12. siècle : Année 1860-1861

par Gerson-Lévy

La lutte contre les abus dans le domaine de l’asile: émergence et développement d’un discours structurant le droit d’asile suisse

La « lutte contre les abus » en matière d'asile s'est imposée comme le discours dominant à l'origine des multiples révisions de la loi sur l'asile depuis son entrée en vigueur en 1981. Cette contribution, issue d'un workshop tenu lors des journées des doctorant-e-s du Centre de droit des migrations en novembre 2013, se propose de porter un regard interdisciplinaire sur l'émergence et le développement de cette notion, ainsi que sur le type de mesures adoptées dans le cadre de ce discours.

Seasonal evolution of soil respiration in a mixed forestry plantation of walnuts (Juglans × intermedia Carr.) and alders (Alnus cordata (Loisel.) Duby) in Domaine de Restinclières (France)

The ecological intensification of crops is proposed as a solution to the growing demand of agricultural and forest resources, in opposition to intensive monocultures. The introduction of mixed cultures as mixtures between nitrogen fixing species and non nitrogen fixing species intended to increase crop yield as a result of an improvement of the available nitrogen and phosphorus in soil. Relationship between crops have received little attention despite the wide range of advantages that confers species diversity to these systems, such as increased productivity, resilience to disruption and ecological sustainability. Forests and forestry plantations can develop an important role in storing carbon in their tissues, especially in wood which become into durable product. A simplifying parameter to analyze the amount allocated carbon by plantation is the TBCA (total belowground carbon allocation), whereby, for short periods and mature plantations, is admitted as the subtraction between soil carbon efflux and litterfall. Soil respiration depends on a wide range of factors, such as soil temperature and soil water content, soil fertility, presence and type of vegetation, among others. The studied orchard is a mixed forestry plantation of hybrid walnuts(Juglans × intermedia Carr.) for wood and alders (Alnus cordata (Loisel.) Duby.), a nitrogen fixing specie through the actinomycete Frankia alni ((Woronin, 1866) Von Tubeuf 1895). The study area is sited at Restinclières, a green area near Montpellier (South of France). In the present work, soil respiration varied greatly throughout the year, mainly influenced by soil temperature. Soil water content did not significantly influence the response of soil respiration as it was constant during the measurement period and under no water stress conditions. Distance between nearest walnut and measurement was also a highly influential factor in soil respiration. Generally there was a decreasing trend in soil respiration when the distance to the nearest tree increased. It was also analyzed the response of soil respiration according to alder presence and fertilizer management (50 kg N·ha-1·año-1 from 1999 to 2010). None of these treatments significantly influenced soil respiration, although previous studies noticed an inhibition in rates of soil respiration under fertilized conditions and high rates of available nitrogen. However, treatments without fertilization and without alder presence obtained higher respiration rates in those cases with significant differences. The lack of significant differences between treatments may be due to the high coefficient of variation experienced by soil respiration measurements. Finally an asynchronous fluctuation was observed between soil respiration and litterfall during senescence period. This is possibly due to the slowdown in the emission of exudates by roots during senescence period, which are largely related to microbial activity.

Numerical modeling of electromagnetic coupling phenomena in the vicinities of overhead power transmission lines.

Electromagnetic coupling phenomena between overhead power transmission lines and other nearby structures are inevitable, especially in densely populated areas. The undesired effects resulting from this proximity are manifold and range from the establishment of hazardous potentials to the outbreak of alternate current corrosion phenomena. The study of this class of problems is necessary for ensuring security in the vicinities of the interaction zone and also to preserve the integrity of the equipment and of the devices there present. However, the complete modeling of this type of application requires the three- -dimensional representation of the region of interest and needs specific numerical methods for field computation. In this work, the modeling of problems arising from the flow of electrical currents in the ground (the so-called conductive coupling) will be addressed with the finite element method. Those resulting from the time variation of the electromagnetic fields (the so-called inductive coupling) will be considered as well, and they will be treated with the generalized PEEC (Partial Element Equivalent Circuit) method. More specifically, a special boundary condition on the electric potential is proposed for truncating the computational domain in the finite element analysis of conductive coupling problems, and a complete PEEC formulation for modeling inductive coupling problems is presented. Test configurations of increasing complexities are considered for validating the foregoing approaches. These works aim to provide a contribution to the modeling of this class of problems, which tend to become common with the expansion of power grids.