Fragmentos de experiências no campo da Saúde Mental e Atenção Psicossocial

Neste artigo, reflito sobre a minha experiência como psicóloga e docente-supervisora de estágio do curso de Psicologia de uma Universidade pública. Através de fragmentos de registros mnêmicos das produções registradas em relatórios, comunicações e artigos científicos, dissertação de mestrado, teses de doutorado e de livre docente, entre outros, procurei analisar a efetivação das políticas públicas e os desdobramentos na construção de um novo modelo de saúde mental, denominado de Atenção Psicossocial. Observei que atualmente as Políticas Públicas para Saúde Mental, construídas a partir do Movimento da Reforma Psiquiátrica, vêm propiciando mudanças significativas para o cuidado dos usuários. No entanto, o estado atual da assistência em saúde mental, no país, é marcado por muitos problemas e desafios. Entre eles se destaca a necessidade dos novos serviços oferecerem uma atenção integral ao usuário, norteada na interdisciplinariedade, interprofissionalidade e intersetorialidade.

Medicalização em um serviço público de Saúde Mental: um estudo sobre a prescrição de psicofármacos

News of the fifth version of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) bringing an enlarged listing of diagnostic possibilities has fomented discussion concerning the tendency, recognizable in contemporary psychiatric practices, of including ordinary suffering of everyday life in psychiatric diagnosis and submit same to psychopharmacological treatment. The present paper brings to this discussion data obtained from field research about the prescription of psychopharmacs in the psychiatric care of a public mental health service. The results reveal that the psychiatry of the service keeps practically all of its users under prescription, and that medical discharge is extremely rare. The paper organizes elements critical to this practice and concludes that due to its inadequacy as to the objectives of promotion of personalized care concerned with autonomy and citizenship, present in the current national guidelines for public policies in mental health.

Apontamentos para uma reflexão sobre a pesquisa em saúde mental no contexto da reforma psiquiátrica

This paper is a contribution to the "IV Journey Research in Psychology: current challenges in the practice of psychology." The goal of this paper is to present some notes to produce reflections on research and the production of knowledge in the field of mental health in the context of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. Starting from two stories narrated by Ruben Alves, is intended to reflect on the characteristics of the current scenario of contemporary society and the role of knowledge production. These reflections will lead to a brief analysis of the impasses of scientific rationality. At the end, will be analyzed the context of psychiatric reform, his proposal of paradigmatic transition and will be presented some themes that guide the production of knowledge in this scenario.

Estudo exploratório sobre a delimitação e práticas contemporâneas da educação não formal

This paper presents the survey, demarcation and discussion of different forms of education, which are education unintentional or intentional informal education, which unfolds in formal and non-formal education. The study of the proposed theme was carried through the review, critical analysis and synthesis of academic and scientific literature relevant to different forms of education. It approaches so prominent non-formal education, due to the significant rise of the practices related to it and increase the visibility of the professionals who took teaching as craft specifically in this educational modality. The main sub-areas of non-formal education presented in the article are: corporate education, non-formal education in social held on nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), non-formal education aimed at prevention and health promotion, formation of free courses to people in different areas of knowledge and practice. At the end, pointing to the importance of considering the non-formal education records within its ambit the existence of political and pedagogical rationales different, even opposite, which requires teachers and researchers in the educational field constant vigilance epistemological, so to contribute to the construction and consolidation of a critical education, creative and emancipatory.

A banalização da prescrição de psicofármacos em um ambulatório de saúde mental

The development of modern psychiatric medications coupled with the wide range currently gained by preventive emphasis in mental health changed the practices of psychiatry, which is no longer focused on treating insanity but is also dedicated to treat any psychiatric suffering through the prescription of psychopharmacos. This study discusses the current process in which medication has been generalized, and presents the results of an exploratory study aimed to examine the patients' medical files, the trajectory of users since they enter the service to the prescription of psychiatric medication in the scope of a Mental Health Outpatient Clinic, in a town in the west of the São Paulo state, Brazil. Results revealed that most (65%) users already arrive at the service with previous prescription of psychiatric medications, and nearly all (99%) of them receive prescriptions of psychiatric medication once forwarded to psychiatric consultations.

Responsabilidade socioambiental: conhecimento dos profissionais da saúde sobre o gerenciamento de resíduos no serviço público

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Transtorno mental comum e lazer entre estudantes da área da saúde do campus de Botucatu-UNESP: um estudo transversal

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Educação em saúde para atenção à gestante: paralelo de experiências entre Brasil e Portugal

Care practices have raised some questions concerning the attention given to women, specifically when it comes to issues of extreme importance in Public Health's approach of pre-natal care. The present study intends to discuss the scope and challenges of the integral care in maternal health, taking into consideration the experiences of one of the authors in the health scenarios from both Brazil and Portugal. A comparative analysis was conducted on the format of the pre-natal classes offered to groups of pregnant women, a frequent practice of Primary Care in both countries. The method of participant observation of two groups of pregnant women, one in each country was used. The organization of each group is presented and evaluated regarding its methodological and practical settings. The analysis of the experiences indicates that both groups can be considered as informative or educative, since the chosen methodology and structure was formed by lectures with predefined themes; there was reduced reflection and empowerment possibilities, due to the fragmented presentation form, and this could also mean diminished reflection on the changes of the feminine role. It is thus concluded that the need for offering care for women in different periods of their lives should include a continuous fight for an amplified and integral approach, with emphasis in the care network and in health promotion.

Método para desenvolvimento de práticas de gestão integrada em clusters industriais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O fazer teórico-prático do nutricionista na estratégia saúde da família: representações sociais dos profissionais das equipes

OBJETIVO: Conhecer as representações sociais dos profissionais das equipes de saúde da família sobre o fazer teórico-prático do nutricionista. A pesquisa foi realizada em Unidades de Saúde da Família de um município do estado de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Foi utilizada a metodologia qualitativa, tendo como sujeitos 27 profissionais, eleitos por critério intencional. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Para a interpretação dos dados, utilizou-se a análise categorial temática, apropriando-se da Teoria das Representações Sociais. RESULTADOS: Como resultados, emergiram quatro temas: Nutricionista na Estratégia de Saúde da Família, Abordagem de questões alimentares pelos profissionais da equipe de saúde da família, Educação nutricional e Problematizando a ausência do nutricionista na equipe de saúde da família. As principais representações obtidas com relação ao nutricionista foram relacionadas à prescrição de dietas, além de revelarem um conhecimento mais amplo sobre as funções e atribuições desse profissional. Não houve dúvidas sobre a importância da educação nutricional na promoção de práticas alimentares saudáveis, apesar de os sujeitos terem demonstrado uma visão superficial e pouco abalizada teoricamente sobre o tema. CONCLUSÃO: A ausência do nutricionista na equipe de saúde da família foi atribuída a fatores como o baixo reconhecimento social, a desvalorização profissional, o pouco tempo de existência da profissão, o desconhecimento do núcleo de competência do nutricionista e a manutenção do modelo médico hegemônico. Concluiu-se pela necessidade de mais estudos que problematizem a inserção do nutricionista em equipes de saúde da família.

Boas práticas de manejo de bezerras leiteiras na fase de cria e potenciais efeitos na recria

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Diagnóstico de situação das práticas de manejo sanitário em sistemas de produção de bovinos de corte

We interviewed 21 farmers in order to access which sanitary practices adopted in the production systems of beef cattle on farms located in São Paulo, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and Rondonia. The survey was conducted through a qualitative approach to the collection of data obtained through questionnaire and personal interview with the landowners. We questioned the attitudes and sanitation procedures in these current production systems such as veterinary assistance, preventive health practices and disease surveillance, knowledge of health hazards for the safe production of food, animal feed, vaccine and immunizations, registration system, measures with newborns, products used in the environment and animals, grace period, employee training, destination of the dead animals, among others. Along with the data found that only 30% of properties had veterinary care, 67% said they meet the expiration dates of the products, although it was not mentioned on the products if there were any. In only 48% of properties were veterinarians who prescribed drugs to animals. Only two of the owners confirmed buying and using expired products in animals and only 48% have received some training on the property. In this setting, it is evident that farmers should be better prepared for insertion of its products in a highly demanding and competitive market. In this context, add value to the product depends mainly on the condition of sanitation of the herds.

Saúde bucal e educação infantil: avaliação do desgaste e do acondicionamento de escovas dentárias utilizadas por pré-escolares

Introduction: Early childhood is an essential phase of life for the future of oral health. The link between educational and health sectors can facilitate incorporating educational and preventive oral health practices in daily teaching in pre-schools. The main measure is manual tooth-brushing, which is the most accessible method for most of the population. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate macroscopically the wear on the bristles, form of storage, and identification of tooth brushes. Material and method: 345 toothbrushes used by children between the ages of 2 and 5 were evaluated in 4 pre-schools, by 2 participants from the oral health program. The Rawls et al. index was used to evaluate the bristles. Result: There were statistically significant differences (p = 0.020 - Mann-Whitney U test) between the frequency of toothbrushes, with the highest being (n = 205) stored at participating school; and, between adequate and inadequate brushes (p < 0.05 - X2 test) with 31.7 and 60%, respectively, classified as unfit for tooth-brushing. Of the toothbrush holders evaluated 100% were used collectively. Regarding identification, 18% of the toothbrushes were not identified in participating schools, and 37% in the others. Conclusion: The toothbrushes exhibited marked wear, and storage was inadequate; however, the schools participating in the oral health program showed toothbrushes with bristles less worn. It is suggested that training of educators regarding correct storage and evaluation of toothbrushes for wear of the bristles should be undertaken in all early childhood schools.

Percepção de pacientes HIV-positivos de um centro de referência em relação a tratamento de saúde

Introduction: health professionals, in many cases, have defensive and exclusionary practices, patterns of prejudice and discrimination in response to HIVpositive patients. Objective: to verify the perception of patients seropositives from a reference center for STD/HIV/aids in relation to health care. Methods: there were interviews with questions related to discriminatory attitudes suffered, access and health care. Results: 130 individuals participated in the survey, from which 30 (23.1%) reported events of discrimination suffered outside the center of reference, predominantly from surgeon-dentists and 112 (86.2%) believed to have the same access and health care as other citizens. 62 (47.7%) treated with the dental center of reference, of which 56 (90.3%) felt good being treated in a dental unit only for HIV positive and six (9.7%) were indifferent, believed to be more exposed, or have a bias to attend dental seropositive individuals. Conclusion: it is concluded that many patients have already been discriminated against outside the reference center. However, most of them have a positive feeling towards the treatment received at a specifi c place for treating HIV-positive patients, due to the feeling of being welcome at that place due to the humanization and access to health care.

Educação em saúde bucal na visão de acadêmicos de odontologia

Aim: To analyze dental students' view concerning Oral Health Education. Materials and Methods: The present research, using both qualitative and quantitative approaches, addresses aspects related to dental students' understanding of Oral Health Education, the value that they attach to this practice in the school environment, as well as the importance of their participation in these and other activities during their studies in dentistry. Results: Although dental students recognize the importance of Oral Health Education in the school environment,as well as the importance of their own participation within these activities, their perception of "Oral Health Education" is reductionist and focused primarily on the disease. Conclusion: It is well-known that these findings are reflections and consequences of an established context within a university education. It is therefore necessary that these professional educators perform an in-depth rethinking of the dental practice, in an attempt to develop methodologies based on Health Education in their own teaching practices.