Empresas líderes en la creación, aplicación y difusión de tecnologías ambientalmente racionales en América Latina: el caso del tratamiento y reciclaje de los residuos de mercurio realizados por la Empresa APLIQUIM de Brasil

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Empresas líderes en desarrollo, aplicación y difusión de tecnologías ambientalmente racionales en América Latina: el caso de desarrollo de tecnologías de tratamiento de efluentes, minimización de residuos y acceso al campo de la biotecnología en la fabricación de colorantes sintéticos de la empresa VILMAX, SA, Argentina

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Manual para el tratamiento de información referencial: versión preliminar

Manual de procedimiento para el uso y registro de informacion -a traves de una hoja de entrada de datos- de un sistema referencial sobre actividades de informacion en America Latina y el Caribe. El sistema considera: las instituciones, los especialistas, las unidades de informacion, y los proyectos.

Aspectos metodológicos para el tratamiento estadístico de la infraestructura en América Latina y el Caribe

La disponibilidad de información cuantitativa sobre inversiones en infraestructura es imprescindible para realizar análisis e investigaciones sobre el tema y para que quienes adoptan decisiones de política puedan formular medidas pertinentes, oportunas y sostenibles. La existencia de una base de datos robusta y estandarizada podría facilitar respuestas para varias preguntas cruciales: ¿cuánto debe crecer la inversión en infraestructura para que el PIB crezca, por ejemplo, en un punto porcentual?, ¿cuál es el nivel de la inversión en infraestructura que maximiza el crecimiento?, ¿es sostenible en el largo plazo?, ¿se gasta lo suficiente en mantenimiento o reparaciones?, ¿en cuánto tiempo se espera que una determinada obra de infraestructura tenga el esperado impacto económico y social?, ¿el monto de inversión que se efectúa en infraestructura compensa el agotamiento de otro tipo de capitales?, ¿es apropiada para el desarrollo sostenible la estructura sectorial de la inversión en infraestructura?, en fin, ¿qué porcentaje de las inversiones en infraestructura se originan en rentas y otros beneficios de la extracción de recursos naturales?, entre otros.

Cólera e gentes de cores ou o acesso aos socorros públicos no século XIX

A diversidade étnica no Grão-Pará, na época da cólera, está estampada nas categorias anotadas pelos profissionais de saúde, pelos viajantes e pelos publicistas que registraram as nuanças relativas à cor e à etnia de cada uma das vítimas da epidemia. Arrolados como indígenas, as vítimas caboclas, índias, e tapuias somam 205 almas; e, como negros, vítimas cafuzas, mamelucas, mulatas, pardas e pretas chegam a 646, enquanto os brancos somam 184. As gentes de cores abatidas pela epidemia constituem 82% dos mortos sepultados na Soledade. A cólera "escolhe" ou não suas vítimas? É cega em relação à condição social, à cor e à etnia dos grupos que flagela? São as perguntas que se fazem tendo como campo empírico a epidemia ocorrida no século XIX, e o acesso aos socorros públicos na Belém do Grão-Pará, trabalhando documentos depositados no Arquivo Público do Estado do Pará (APEP) e no Instituto Histórico e Geográfico do Pará (IHGP).

Autoridade médica e divulgação científica no Grão-Pará flagelado pelo cólera: século XIX

O incremento da epidemia do cólera, em 1855, no Grão-Pará, desencadeou acirrada polêmica entre os doutores da Província em torno de instruções e tratamentos a serem observados pelos enfermos. Em meio à contenda acadêmica surgiram, através da imprensa, instruções e guias médicos que auxiliaram sobremaneira no combate à epidemia. Os documentos divulgados revelam a capacidade pedagógica e persuasiva dos profissionais de saúde. No Grão-Pará, as vozes eram ouvidas através do Treze de Maio e do Diario do Gram-Pará. Já no Rio de Janeiro, capital do Império do Brasil, os contendedores utilizavam as páginas do Jornal do Commercio e do Diario do Rio de Janeiro. O trabalho apresenta a trama da divulgação científica apoiada na autoridade médica dos profissionais que atuavam no Grão-Pará flagelado pelo cólera.

Memórias da cólera no Pará (1855 e 1991): tragédias se repetem?

Na epidemia de cólera no Pará, em 1991, o número de vítimas foi elevado, e embora os enfermos se recuperassem rapidamente, relutavam em deixar o hospital. As condições de vida no século XIX eram, guardadas as proporções, semelhantes às enfrentadas pelos coléricos agora atendidos no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto (HUJBB). No século XX, a doença parecia presa a antigas estruturas e produzia preocupações descabidas, uma vez que o tratamento hoje é rápido e eficaz. Logo emergiram as histórias de outrora, apresentando terríveis imagens da epidemia de cólera ocorrida em 1855. Analisaram-se memórias dos coléricos, de seus parentes e demais protagonistas, e compulsaram-se documentos. Encontraram-se indicações que possibilitam a comparação entre epidemias ontem e hoje, permitindo prever a repetição de tragédias devidas à permanência de condições de vida a que estavam submetidos os pobres nos séculos XIX e XX.

Tratamiento Quirúrgico de Mesiodens en Odontopediatría

Supernumerary teeth are a relatively frequent disorder of odontogenesis that can interfere with the development of the germs teeth. This pathology is most common in the maxillary anterior area, called mesiodens, and their prevalence is generally reported to occur more frequently in male than female, in a ratio of 2:1. The aim of this article was to report the clinical procedures performed in the Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry at the Araraquara School of Dentistry when the presence of two mesiodens, radiographically shown, caused retention of permanent anterior teeth, resulting in esthetic and funcional disturb. All the surgical procedures, etiology and the importancy of the early diagnostic for the appropriate treatment was detailed described.

Tratamiento de maloclusión classe II división 1 con el aparato de Herbst tipo férula, después del pico de crecimiento puberal

Malocclusion class II-1, is represented by a high prevalence in Brazil, being something common in orthodontic practice. One of the main characteristics of this malocclusion is jaw retrusion, by what many devices of jaw advance are presented in the literature. Being one of them Herbst's device, which is a functional and fixed device created by Emil Herbst (1905) and updated by Hans Pancherz in the decade of 80s.This device is characterized by keeping the jaw advance in a continuous way, while presenting a less active treatment, leading to an immediate aesthetic impact, and the patient cooperation is not required. To improve the anchoring and prevent the collapse of the apparatus was set up last amended version of it by Dr Raveli quoted as Herbst splint. Recent research indicates the use of this device after the peak pubertal growth, creating an appropriate response condylar. The aim of this work is to show the orthodontist a choice of how to use the splint Herbst in Class malocclusions II-1.

Tratamiento quirúrgico de mesiodents en odontopediatría

Supernumerary teeth are a relatively frequent disorder of odontogenesis that can interfere with the development of the germs teeth. This pathology is most common in the maxillary anterior area, called mesiodens, and their prevalence is generally reported to occur more frequently in male than female, in a ratio of 2:1. The aim of this article was to report the clinical procedures performed in the Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry at the Araraquara School of Dentistry when the presence of two mesiodens, radiographically shown, caused retention of permanent anterior teeth, resulting in esthetic and funcional disturb. All the surgical procedures, etiology and the importancy of the early diagnostic for the appropriate treatment was detailed described.

Tratamiento de la deformidad facial causada por la hiperplasia condilar: relato de caso

The condylar hyperplasia is an acquired development anomaly, rare, characterized by an excessive and progressive growing, affecting neck, condilar head, body and the mandible bough, provoking an important facial asymmetry. In the article we present a case of male patient, 22-years-old, reclaiming of painful sintomatology in the region of temporomandibular joint and severe facial asymmetry. It was instituted an orthodontic-surgical treatment by means of orthognathic combined surgery and high condilectomy. After six years of post-surgical controlling, the patient is now in a good shape, without recurrence of facial asymmetry and condylar hyperplasia.

Estado actual del blanqueamiento: sigue siendo un tratamiento seguro? review

The demand for cosmetic dentistry, including teeth whitening, has increased in recent years. The home teeth whitening and in-office, are widely used in dental practice. The mechanism by which it works is by oxidation of the chromogenic existing tooth structure. This is an effective and minimally invasive procedure that achieves tooth lighten the color, however, may cause alterations in the enamel surface, such as a dental permeability increase. Another effect caused by this procedure is tooth sensitivity, being the most common side effect, up to 65% of individuals have had a secondary effect at least once during treatment. This sensitivity and gingival irritation caused by bleaching may vary depending on the patient and used bleaching product

Actitud de los docentes de las facultades de Odontologia Brasilenas ante los aspectos bioeticos, eticos y legales del tratamiento odontológico

The study consist on an analysis of attitude by professors of Brazilian Dental Schools before the aspects bioethical, ethic and legal dental treatment aspects. The data collect occurred by semi-structured questioners send by e-mail and correspondence. It was applied the content analysis, by categorical analysis technique, according to Bardin. About bioethical aspects, 94,6% cited that the decision of treatment should be realized between professional and patient, because it don t interfere on negative form (100%). Everybody consider important the interaction professional/patient, because it establishes the respect and mutual agreement between them (61,8%). Tangent at ethic aspects, 95,5% show all alternatives for determined case, even knowing that can lost patient, explaining on the technique and laical form to clear doubts(61,9%). About legal aspects, 82,4% allege that dental surgeon should treat his patient like consumer whereas offer techniques, materials and know through profession. And, like legal prove on occasional lawsuit, 57,1% mentioned that professional don t need of contract necessarily, but a good documentation about patient and e assigned by him. It concluded that these aspects should be teached always to Dentistry academics, whereas they re inherent at profession, to not stay vulnerable at future ethic, judges and other problems.