Ver-o-peso, patrimônio(s) e práticas sociais: uma abordagem etnográfica da feira mais famosa de Belém do Pará

Identificar e interpretar, a partir de abordagem etnográfica, o patrimônio cultural dos trabalhadores do Ver-o-Peso, a feira mais famosa de Belém do Pará, é o objetivo deste trabalho. Não o patrimônio cultural brasileiro, reconhecido por meio do tombamento em 1977, como conjunto arquitetônico e paisagístico, mas o patrimônio que constitui elemento agregador para esse grupo social, fator de pertencimento e identidade coletiva, que é detentor de valores e significados, ainda que, raramente, seja percebido e identificado por esses trabalhadores dessa forma. A pesquisa, realizada por meio de observação participante, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e informais aconteceu no período de 2005 a 2007, em quatro etapas. O patrimônio cultural identificado é, sobretudo de natureza imaterial, mas também está presente em tomo de coisas materiais como o espaço, no sentido de um território com temporal idade própria que é também um lugar, demarcado por práticas sociais e operações cotidianas, as quais envolvem múltiplas dimensões da vida social. Nesse espaço objetos, expressões corporais, sentimentos e sociabilidade associadas e desenvolvidas no fazer diário, prenhes de significados e possibilidades estimulam o imaginário e ativam memórias. De geração a geração esse legado é o responsável, juntamente com aqueles que o preservam, reinterpretam e transmitem, pela manutenção da "essência" do Ver-o-Peso, assim como pelo sentido de pertencimento e identificação de seus trabalhadores com esse lugar ao longo dos anos. A despeito da negligência por parte de muitas instituições, esses trabalhadores e trabalhadoras preservam sua cultura.

Atributos químicos do solo, nutrição e produtividade da cana-planta em função da aplicação de nitrogênio e de escória de siderurgia

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Sedimentação coluvial pleistocênica na região de Presidente Figueiredo, nordeste do estado do Amazonas

Depósitos coluviais pleistocênicos são descritos e datados na região de Presidente Figueiredo, Estado do Amazonas. O estudo sedimentológico-estratigráfico de afloramentos, integrado com análise geomorfológica e datação por luminescência opticamente estimulada, permitiu caracterizar a arquitetura e litofácies destas sucessões sedimentares e fornecer informações sobre a história da denudação e modificações da paisagem da Amazônia Central durante o Pleistoceno. Os depósitos coluviais consistem em areias e, principalmente, cascalhos com arcabouço aberto, matriz arenosa, acamamento maciço e, localmente, gradação inversa, sugestivos de deposição por fluxos gravitacionais e torrenciais, em condições de alta energia. Dois tipos de depósitos coluviais foram identificados: Depósito coluvial tipo 1, datado em 57.000±5.000 anos AP, que é composto por cascalhos e areias com fragmentos de pelito, crosta laterítica e arenito ferruginizado, recobrindo rochas do Eopaleozóico; e Depósito coluvial tipo 2, datado em 22.100±2.600 anos AP, que consiste em cascalhos com fragmentos de caulim semi-flint e crosta laterítica, encontrado principalmente sobre os depósitos siliciclásticos caulínicos da Formação Alter do Chão, do Cretáceo-Terciário (?). A composição dos fragmentos indica como fontes as rochas fanerozóicas intemperizadas e os paleossolos lateríticos bauxítico-ferruginosos que foram removidos durante a denudação dos platôs. Os dois eventos de coluviação descritos aqui parecem confirmar que as fases principais de geomorfogênese seriam correlatas às duas fases climáticas secas e de recuo da floresta registradas para o final do Pleistoceno na Amazônia.

Releasing number of Telenomus remus (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) against Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in corn, cotton and soybean

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Cyatta abscondita: Taxonomy, Evolution, and Natural History of a New Fungus-Farming Ant Genus from Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effects of maternal diabetes on male offspring: high cell proliferation and increased activity of MMP-2 in the ventral prostate

This study presents a comprehensive view of the histological and functional status of the prostate of adult rat offspring of mothers subjected to gestational diabetes induced by alloxan. The ventral prostate of male adult offspring of diabetic (DP) or normal (CP) mothers was evaluated for collagen fibres, cell death, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, cell proliferation, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), androgen receptors (AR), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta-1), catalase and total antioxidant activity. The prostates of DP animals were lower in weight than those of the CP group. The DP group also exhibited hyperglycaemia and hypotestosteronemia, higher cell proliferation and AR expression, a reduction in alpha-actin (possibly interfering with the reproductive function of the prostate), and enhanced activity of MMP-2, although the absolute content of MMP-2 was lower in this group. These findings were associated with increased TGF beta-1 and decreased collagen distribution. The prostates of DP rats additionally exhibited reductions in catalase and total antioxidant activity. Thus, rats developing in a diabetic intrauterine environment have glycaemic and hormonal changes that impact on the structure and physiology of the prostate in adulthood. The increased AR expression possibly leads to elevated cell proliferation. Stromal remodelling was characterized by enhanced activity of MMP-2 and collagen degradation, even with increased TGF beta-1 activation. These changes associated with increased oxidative stress might interfere with tissue architecture and glandular homeostasis.

As concepções urbanísticas que impulsionaram o desenvolvimento do capitalismo e a reprodução da força de trabalho em São Paulo: sanear e excluir

This article aims to rank the main concepts in vogue in the city of São Paulo who contributed to the formulation of a shared urban oriented capitalist development and reproduction of the workforce. This way, it will discuss the main issues raised in the period, which is between the first decades of the XX Century to the end of the 1950s, trying to foresee how they worked as engineers and architects to incorporate the urbanistic proposals from Europe and the United States. And then, we will present, on the first four sections of this article, points of view that effectively impacted the paulista urban thought of the first half of the XX century: Sanitarism, pendular conception between the Mesologic Theory and the Microbian Theory; the Historicist formulation of Camillo Sitte; Howard´s garden-town and The French Experience. Our analyses were formulated having as a reference the broad systematization of bibliography and documents performed at the Arquivo Histórico Municipal (Intermediário) de Araraquara (Historical Municipal Archive from Araraquara), consultations at the the books of the library of the biblioteca da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da USP (USP Architecture and Urbanism College) and at the Faculdade de Ciências e Letras da UNESP, Araraquara-SP( College of Sciences and Languages from UNESP, campus Araraquara). The analisys of the performed research show that one urbanistic torrent at São Paulo State with clear influences from the conceptions that led the urbanistic debates in the first half of the XX Century. Although these conceptions compose a painting of urban transformations at São Paulo city and noticeably in some inland cities, previously to the solidification of a whole proposition for the city that was later called of Directive Plan.

Do plano de melhoramentos ao plano urbanístico: a contribuição das concepções que impactaram o pensamento urbano paulista

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Bromeliads as biodiversity amplifiers and habitat segregation of spider communities in a Neotropical rainforest

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Inclusão digital no ensino de iluminação natural

The teaching/learning activities of the daylighting built environment require from the Architecture and Urbanism undergraduate student the ability to abstract the effects of daylight distributed in three-dimensional space that is being designed. Several tools and techniques can be used to facilitate the understanding of the involved phenomena, among which the computational simulation. This paper reports the digital inclusion of the daylighting teaching in the Architecture and Urbanism undergraduate course at the School of Architecture, Arts and Social Communication of Bauru (FAAC) of UNESP – Sao Paulo State University, that began in 2010. The inclusion process involved free software use, specifically the programs DIALux and SketchUp+Radiance, both with graphical output for the illuminated scenes visualization and for result analysis. The graphic model is converted from SketchUp to Radiance by a plugin and a user-friendly interface for Windows was developed to simulate the lighting. The process of digital inclusion is consolidated, with wide acceptance by students, for which computational simulation facilitates understanding of relation between daylight and built environment and helps the design process of elements for daylighting control.

Bamboo as sustainable material used in design and civil construction: species, management, characterization and applications

The use of bamboo as construction and raw material for producing products can be considered a feasible alternative to the abusive use of steel, concrete and oil byproducts. Its use can also reduce the pressure on the use of wood from native and planted forests. Although there are thousands of bamboo species spread about the world and Brazil itself has hundreds of native species, the use and basic knowledge of its characteristics and applications are still little known and little disseminated. This paper's main objective is to introduce the species, the management phases, the physical and mechanical characteristics and the experiences in using bamboo in design and civil construction as per the Bamboo Project implemented at UNESP, Bauru campus since 1994. The results are divided into: a) Field activities - description of the technological species of interest, production chain flows, types of preservative treatments and clump management practices for the development, adaptation and production of different species of culms; b) Lab experiments - physical and mechanical characterization of culms processed as laminated strips and as composite material (glue laminated bamboo – glubam); c) Uses in projects - experiences with natural bamboo and glubam in design, architecture and civil construction projects. In the final remarks, the study aims to demonstrate, through practical and laboratory results, the material's multi-functionality and the feasibility in using bamboo as a sustainable material.

Router and Firewall Redundancy with OpenBSD and CARP

As more reliance is placed on computing and networking systems, the need for redundancy increases. The Common Address Redundancy Protocol (CARP) protocol and OpenBSD’s pfsync utility provide a means by which to implement redundant routers and firewalls. This paper details how CARP and pfsync work together to provide this redundancy and explores the performance one can expect from the open source solutions. Two experiments were run: one showing the relationship between firewall state creation and state synchronization traffic and the other showing how TCP sessions are transparently maintained in the event of a router failure. Discussion of these simulations along with background information gives an overview of how OpenBSD, CARP, and pfsync can provide redundant routers and firewalls for today’s Internet.

Essays on Industrial Organization and Environmental Economics

This dissertation studies environmental regulation issues in the hog production industry as well as forces behind the reorganization of the industry during the past two decades. Federal and State-level environmental regulations imposed on U.S. hog production during the year 2003 are examined in Chapter 1. Based on the number of regulations passed by the Federal government and states, the 2003 regulatory index is constructed. The regulatory stringency index suggests that state-level regulations vary across states and have increased over the years. In addition, state-level regulations are more stringent than federal regulations. Chapter 2 develops an empirically implementable theoretical model which allows us to investigate the long-run effects of environmental regulations on the U.S. hog industry. Hog feeding operations (HFOs) are divided into large feeding operations (LHFOs) and small feeding operations (SHFOs). The impact of the presence of a large number of LHFOs on the entry and exit of CHFOs is also examined. Results of this study suggest that: Increased state-level regulation stringency significantly lowers the output of SHFOs; increased state-level regulation stringency significantly lowers the output of LHFOs; increased state-level regulation stringency significantly lowers the number of SHFOs; SHFO output rises significantly in states that have a greater number of LHFOs; LHFO output rises significantly in states that have a greater number of LHFOs; the number of SHFOs significantly increases in states that have a greater numbers of LHFOs; regulation increases the average SHFO size; and regulation decreases the average LHFO size. Chapter 3 examines the importance of input availability, market attractiveness, agglomeration economies and environmental regulations on the reorganization of U.S. hog production for a panel of 22 U.S. hog producing states which include, Northern states, Southern states and Midwest states for the period 1994-2006. Results from this study suggest that: Hog production in a state is positively affected by hog production in a nearby state, confirming the presence of agglomeration economies; Environmental regulations and high corn price have negative effects on state-level U.S. hog production; High hog prices, and favorable labor cost, and land values attract hog production; and transportation cost has no effect on hog production. Advisors: Azzeddine Azzam and Karina Schoengold

Clusters of leprosy transmission and of late diagnosis in a highly endemic area in Brazil: focus on different spatial analysis approaches

Objective The Brazilian National Hansens Disease Control Program recently identified clusters with high disease transmission. Herein, we present different spatial analytical approaches to define highly vulnerable areas in one of these clusters. Method The study area included 373 municipalities in the four Brazilian states Maranha o, Para ', Tocantins and Piaui '. Spatial analysis was based on municipalities as the observation unit, considering the following disease indicators: (i) rate of new cases / 100 000 population, (ii) rate of cases < 15 years / 100 000 population, (iii) new cases with grade-2 disability / 100 000 population and (iv) proportion of new cases with grade-2 disabilities. We performed descriptive spatial analysis, local empirical Bayesian analysis and spatial scan statistic. Results A total of 254 (68.0%) municipalities were classified as hyperendemic (mean annual detection rates > 40 cases / 100 000 inhabitants). There was a concentration of municipalities with higher detection rates in Para ' and in the center of Maranha o. Spatial scan statistic identified 23 likely clusters of new leprosy case detection rates, most of them localized in these two states. These clusters included only 32% of the total population, but 55.4% of new leprosy cases. We also identified 16 significant clusters for the detection rate < 15 years and 11 likely clusters of new cases with grade-2. Several clusters of new cases with grade-2 / population overlap with those of new cases detection and detection of children < 15 years of age. The proportion of new cases with grade-2 did not reveal any significant clusters. Conclusions Several municipality clusters for high leprosy transmission and late diagnosis were identified in an endemic area using different statistical approaches. Spatial scan statistic is adequate to validate and confirm high-risk leprosy areas for transmission and late diagnosis, identified using descriptive spatial analysis and using local empirical Bayesian method. National and State leprosy control programs urgently need to intensify control actions in these highly vulnerable municipalities.

Suicide rates and income in Sao Paulo and Brazil: a temporal and spatial epidemiologic analysis from 1996 to 2008

Background: In a classical study, Durkheim noted a direct relation between suicide rates and wealth in the XIX century France. Since that time, several studies have verified this relationship. It is known that suicide rates are associated with income, although the direction of this association varies worldwide. Brazil presents a heterogeneous distribution of income and suicide across its territory; however, evaluation for an association between these variables has shown mixed results. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between suicide rates and income in Brazil, State of Sao Paulo (SP), and City of SP, considering geographical area and temporal trends. Methods: Data were extracted from the National and State official statistics departments. Three socioeconomic areas were considered according to income, from the wealthiest (area 1) to the poorest (area 3). We also considered three regions: country-wide (27 Brazilian States and 558 Brazilian micro-regions), state-wide (645 counties of SP State), and city-wide (96 districts of SP city). Relative risks (RR) were calculated among areas 1, 2, and 3 for all regions, in a cross-sectional approach. Then, we used Joinpoint analysis to explore the temporal trends of suicide rates and SaTScan to investigate geographical clusters of high/low suicide rates across the territory. Results: Suicide rates in Brazil, the State of SP, and the city of SP were 6.2, 6.6, and 5.4 per 100,000, respectively. Taking suicide rates of the poorest area (3) as reference, the RR for the wealthiest area was 1.64, 0.88, and 1.65 for Brazil, State of SP, and city of SP, respectively (p for trend <0.05 for all analyses). Spatial cluster of high suicide rates were identified at Brazilian southern (RR = 2.37), state of SP western (RR = 1.32), and city of SP central (RR = 1.65) regions. A direct association between income and suicide were found for Brazil (OR = 2.59) and the city of SP (OR = 1.07), and an inverse association for the state of SP (OR = 0.49). Conclusions: Temporospatial analyses revealed higher suicide rates in wealthier areas in Brazil and the city of SP and in poorer areas in the State of SP. We further discuss the role of socioeconomic characteristics for explaining these discrepancies and the importance of our findings in public health policies. Similar studies in other Brazilian States and developing countries are warranted.