Análisis de las actitudes políticas de los estudiantes universitarios de León.

Entre la población universitaria leonesa se elige una muestra representativa con el objeto de conocer las actitudes políticas que presentan los universitarios leoneses. Las distintas preguntas se establecen en bloques; de este modo, se tratan cuestiones como qué posiciones en la escala izquierda-derecha tienen los alumnos de la Universidad de León, con qué ideología se identifican o cuál es su grado de responsabilidad política. Todos estos puntos son analizados y estudiados, mostrando los resultados del estudio a través de gráficas y esquemas. Además, cada cuestión planteada cuenta con un apartado de conclusión donde se evaluán las tendencias que muestran los estudiantes universitarios leoneses.

Estructura y modelos de inteligencia y personalidad en el adolescente : diferencias con el sexo femenino.

Estudiar si las diferencias entre los sexos son reales. 145 chicas y 194 chicos de edades comprendidas entre 17 y 18 años. DAT (Test de aptitudes diferenciales), AMPE (Aptitudes mentales primarias equivalentes) BELL (Cuestionario de adaptación para adolescentes), GZTS (Inventario de la personalidad de Guilford-Zimmerman). Estadística correlacional. Refiriéndonos a la inteligencia, hemos de decir, que teniendo en cuenta los trabajos e investigaciones anteriores estos resultados son beneficiosos para los chicos, más que para las chicas. Los chicos puntúan más alta en los tests de inteligencia e incluso en el de memoria verbal. Las chicas no puntúan más alto en aptitudes verbales, como era de esperar. Si partimos de los estudios realizados sobre la personalidad y su diferenciación por sexos, podemos decir que nuestras prediciones han resultado ciertas, ya que, en general, las chicas puntúan más alto en actitudes sociales y de relación con los otros y los chicos en vitalidad, energía y actividad. En adaptación, nuestras prediciones han sido acertadas, debido a las características específicas de nuestra muestra. No obstante, también se ha de tener en cuenta las reflexiones que hacemos al hablar de estos resultados. Las diferencias si existen; más cualitativa, pero son diferencias sustanciosas y que refuerzan un nuevo planteamiento ante las situaciones de enseñanza, aprendizaje y situaciones, también políticas, sociales y de relación en general, con los otros.

Texturas : unidad didáctica.

Esta unidad didáctica tiene como finalidad cubrir la parte práctica del área plástica y visual, a impartir en el ciclo de enseñanza secundaria obligatoria, y que fue celebrado en Astorga (León). Los participantes han sido cinco profesores pertenecientes a los siguientes centros de Astorga: Colegio La Salle, Colegio La Milagrosa, Instituto Ricardo Gullón. Se ha procurado que la unidad didáctica, temporalizada en seis horas, vaya dirigida a chicos y chicas de catorce y quince años, procedentes del mundo rural y urbano. Para el desarrollo de la unidad didáctica se ha tenido en cuenta que gran parte de los estímulos que recibimos del exterior son de naturaleza visual o táctil y que ésta información proviene de dos grandes fuentes: la que proporciona la naturaleza y la que proviene de la actividad y creación humanas donde están incluidos el diseño y las artes en general; pudiendo observar cómo en nuestra civilización se ha atrofiado el sentido y la conciencia sobre los materiales, sus cualidades y posibilidades expresivas. Por eso se hace evidente la necesidad de desarrollar en los alumnos las capacidades de expresión, análisis, crítica, apreciación y categorización de las imágenes, dado el cúmulo de información visual a la que estamos sometidos. Los objetivos generales han sido cuatro: 1) Percibir e interpretar críticamente las imágenes y las formas de su entorno, siendo sensible a sus cualidades plásticas, estéticas y funcionales, 2) Respetar y apreciar otros modos de expresión visual y plástica, distintos del propio y de los modos dominantes en el entorno, 3) Valorar la importancia del lenguaje visual y plástico como medio de expresión, sentimientos e ideas, superar inhibiciones y apreciar su contribución al equilibrio y bienestar personal, 4) Apreciar las posibilidades expresivas que ofrece la investigación con diversas técnicas plásticas y visuales, valorando elesfuerzo de superación que supone el proceso creativo. La metodología aplicada ha consistido en 'tocar, organizar y crear', pretendiendo que el alumno perciba la gran variedad de sensaciones que puede experimentar a través del tacto y la vista, analizando el cambio que se produce en los materiales al alterar su entorno. El proceso seguido ha consistido en proponer cinco actividades principales y otras varias de refuerzo, tales como presentar materiales con texturas diferentes, elaboración de una composición sobre cartulina mediante la técnica del estarcido, elaboración de un collage, etc. Los recursos utilizados han sido muy variados: gama de texturas naturales y artificiales, papeles y plásticos, tijeras, punzón y cuchilla, telas, acuarelas, etc. La evaluación de los alumnos será contínua. se evalúan los recursos materiales, la eficacia de los métodos respecto a la metodología propuesta, el trabajo de los alumnos y la unidad didáctica en conjunto.

Aspectos vinculados al ??xito acad??mico y las expectativas del alumnado inmigrante en la universidad

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Verbal forward digit span in Spanish population

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Clima relacional de instituciones educativas y espacios de aprendizaje

Muchas teorías pedagógicas y sociológicas coinciden en señalar que las actitudes sociales y políticas son aprendidas desde muy temprana edad. Sabemos, también, que estos aprendizajes se realizan en los entornos próximos en los que, niños y niñas, despliegan sus actividades, esto es: en la familia, la escuela, el grupo de sus padres y en su relación con los medios de comunicación. Para este análisis, se ubica uno de estos espacios –la escuela. Se señala también que el contexto institucional en el que actúan cotidianamente los jóvenes actores, tiene la virtud de permitir o restringir posibilidades de uno u otro modelo de relación. Se cree que este lugar da elementos cognitivos, afectivos y éticos para el aprendizaje grupal de actitudes sociales y políticamente significativas, para el respeto y ejercicio de los derechos humanos, lo que, a su vez, marca, a nivel individual, las potencialidades del desarrollo personal de cada uno y cada una. Desde este enfoque, es necesario que los actores se transformen en interlocutores reales. Este no es un proceso espontáneo, es decir, por el simple hecho de estar presentes no actúan e intervienen como tales. En la transformación, tienen una importancia esencial las relaciones que se establecen a su interior: la corresponsabilidad que se desarrolla, la comunicación que se instituya, la forma en la que se resuelvan los conflictos. En suma, se refiere a cómo se viven las actividades diarias en una institución educativa.

The effects of adding picoxystrobin, azoxystrobin and nitrogen to a triazole programme on disease control, flag leaf senescence, yield and grain quality of winter wheat

The effect of adding strobilurins to a triazole (epoxiconazole) fungicide programme on the quality of a range of wheat cultivars was assessed in field experiments in three successive years. Strobilurin was applied at just flag leaf emergence (azoxystrobin) or at the start of stem extension (azoxystrobin or picoxystrobin) and again at flag leaf emergence or at flag leaf emergence and again at ear emergence (azoxystrobin). All strobilurin treatments reduced disease levels, delayed senescence of the flag leaf and consistently increased yields, thousand grain weight and specific weight. Reductions in Hagberg falling number were observed, even by fungicide applications at the start of stem extension, but effects were small compared to the variation among cultivars. Application of fungicide (triazole or strobilurin) before ear emergence increased the amount of blackpoint, but this was partly countered by applying azoxystrobin at ear emergence. The effect of fungicide on protein concentration differed over seasons and cultivar. Where they occurred. small reductions in protein concentration could be compensated for by extra application of nitrogen as foliar urea at anthesis. Foliar urea (40 kg N ha(-1)) applied at anthesis also improved Hagberg failing number and reduced blackpoint in one of the growing seasons. In one season, the effect of foliar urea at anthesis was compared with applications of granular fertiliser at flag leaf emergence. The granular treatment produced grain with more concentrated protein, while the later, foliar application produced higher specific weights. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Rovibrational energy levels of hydrogen peroxide, studied by MULTIMODE with a reaction path Hamiltonian

Recently. Carter and Handy [J. Chem. Phys. 113 (2000) 987] have introduced the theory of the reaction path Hamiltonian (RPH) [J. Chem. Phys. 72 (1980) 99] into the variational scheme MULTIMODE, for the calculation of the J = 0 vibrational levels of polyatomic molecules, which have a single large-amplitude motion. In this theory the reaction path coordinate s becomes the fourth dimension of the moment-of-inertia tensor, and must be treated separately from the remaining 3N - 7 normal coordinates in the MULTIMODE program. In the modified program, complete integration is performed over s, and the M-mode MULTIMODE coupling approximation for the evaluation of the matrix elements applies only to the 3N - 7 normal coordinates. In this paper the new algorithm is extended to the calculation of rotational-vibration energy levels (i.e. J > 0) with the RPH, following from our analogous implementation for rigid molecules [Theoret. Chem. Acc. 100 (1998) 191]. The full theory is given, and all extra terms have been included to give the exact kinetic energy operator. In order to validate the new code, we report studies on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), where the reaction path is equivalent to torsional motion. H2O2 has previously been studied variationally using a valence coordinate Hamiltonian; complete agreement for calculated rovibrational levels is obtained between the previous results and those from the new code, using the identical potential surface. MULTIMODE is now able to calculate rovibrational levels for polyatomic molecules which have one large-amplitude motion. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Educational value of different types of exhibits in an interactive science and technology center

This study analyzes the short-term consequences of visitors' use of different types of exhibits (i.e., "exemplars of phenomena" and "analogy based") together with the factors affecting visitors' understanding of and their evaluation of the use of such exhibits. One hundred and twenty five visitors (either alone or in groups) were observed during their interaction and interviewed immediately afterwards. Findings suggest that the type of exhibit constrains the nature of the understanding achieved. The use of analogical reasoning may lead to an intended causal explanation of an exhibit that is an exemplar of a phenomenon, but visitors often express misconceptions as a consequence of using this type of exhibit. Analogy-based exhibits are often not used as intended by the designer. This may be because visitors do not access the source domain intended; are unaware of the use of analogy per se (in particular, when the exhibit is of the subtype "only showing similarities between relationships"); only acquire fragmentary knowledge about the target; or fail to use analogical reasoning of which they were capable. Furthermore, exhibits related to everyday world situations are recognized to have an immediate educative value for visitors. Suggestions for enhancing the educative value of exhibits are proposed.

Pressure-relieving equipment: promoting its correct use amongst nurses via differing modes of educational delivery

Aims and objectives. To examine the impact of written and verbal education on bed-making practices, in an attempt to reduce the prevalence of pressure ulcers. Background. The Department of Health has set targets for a 5% reduction per annum in the incidence of pressure ulcers. Electric profiling beds with a visco-elastic polymer mattress are a new innovation in pressure ulcer prevention; however, mattress efficacy is reduced by tightly tucking sheets around the mattress. Design. A prospective randomized pre/post-test experimental design. Methods. Ward managers at a teaching hospital were approached to participate in the study. Two researchers independently examined the tightness of the sheets around the mattresses. Wards were randomized to one of two groups. Groups A and B received written education. In addition, group B received verbal education on alternate days for one week. Beds were re-examined one month later. One researcher was blinded to the educational delivery received by the wards. Results. Twelve wards agreed to participate in the study and 245 beds were examined. Before education, 113 beds (46%) had sheets tucked correctly around the mattresses. Following education, this increased to 215 beds (87.8%) (chi(2) = 68.03, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the number of correctly made beds between the two different education groups: 100 (87.72%) beds correctly made in group A vs. 115 (87.79%) beds in group B (chi(2) = 0, P 0.987). Conclusions. Clear, concise written instruction improved practice but verbal education was not additionally beneficial. Relevance to clinical practice. Nurses are receptive to clear, concise written evidence regarding pressure ulcer prevention and incorporate this into clinical practice.

Differences between the gut microflora of children with autistic spectrum disorders and that of healthy children

Children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) tend to suffer from severe gastrointestinal problems. Such symptoms may be due to a disruption of the indigenous gut flora promoting the overgrowth of potentially pathogenic micro-organisms. The faecal flora of patients with ASDs was studied and compared with those of two control groups (healthy siblings and unrelated healthy children). Faecal bacterial populations were assessed through the use of a culture-independent technique, fluorescence in situ hybridization, using oligonucleotide probes targeting predominant components of the gut flora. The faecal flora of ASD patients contained a higher incidence of the Clostridium histolyticum group (Clostridium clusters I and 11) of bacteria than that of healthy children. However, the non-autistic sibling group had an intermediate level of the C. histolyticum group, which was not significantly different from either of the other subject groups. Members of the C. histolyticum group are recognized toxin-producers and may contribute towards gut dysfunction, with their metabolic products also exerting systemic effects. Strategies to reduce clostridial population levels harboured by ASD patients or to improve their gut microflora profile through dietary modulation may help to alleviate gut disorders common in such patients.

Temperature-responsive water-soluble copolymers based on 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and butyl acrylate

Amphiphilic copolymers have been synthesised by free radical copolymerisation of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate with butyl acrylate, the reactivity ratios of which indicate practically equal reactivity. The copolymers containing less than 30 mol-% of BA were soluble in water and exhibited a LCST in aqueous solutions. It was found that the interaction between these copolymers and poly(acrylic acid) in aqueous solutions resulted in the formation of interpolymer complexes stabilised by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. This interaction was significantly affected by solution I pH and led to modification of the temperature-responsive behaviour of the copolymers.

Evaluation of peak-picking algorithms for protein mass spectrometry

Peak picking is an early key step in MS data analysis. We compare three commonly used approaches to peak picking and discuss their merits by means of statistical analysis. Methods investigated encompass signal-to-noise ratio, continuous wavelet transform, and a correlation-based approach using a Gaussian template. Functionality of the three methods is illustrated and discussed in a practical context using a mass spectral data set created with MALDI-TOF technology. Sensitivity and specificity are investigated using a manually defined reference set of peaks. As an additional criterion, the robustness of the three methods is assessed by a perturbation analysis and illustrated using ROC curves.