Cuaderno de diseño de las asesorías de cestería en paja tetera, indígenas Eperara, Joaquincito, Valle del Cauca, tejeduría en lana, Indígenas Yanaconas, San Sebastián Cauca, tejeduría en fique, indígenas Kankuamos Cesar, tejeduría en fique Arzaria, la Junta y Curazao La Guajira, tejeduría en algodón, indígenas Wayyu, La Guajira tejeduría en algodón, Morroa, Sucre.

145 hojas : ilustraciones, fotografías, 2 disquettes.

Productos de todas las épocas históricas de la producción cerámica de Ráquira y muestras de su comercialización en las plazas locales.

73 hojas : ilustraciones, fotografías a color

The atom pencil: serial writing in the sub-micrometre domain

The atom pencil we describe here is a versatile tool that writes arbitrary structures by atomic deposition in a serial lithographic process. This device consists of a transversely laser-cooled and collimated cesium atomic beam that passes through a 4-pole atom-flux concentrator and impinges on to micron- and sub-micron-sized apertures. The aperture translates above a fixed substrate and enables the writing of sharp features with sizes down to 280 nm. We have investigated the writing and clogging properties of an atom pencil tip fabricated from silicon oxide pyramids perforated at the tip apex with a sub-micron aperture.

Transitions: From novice participation to expertise, pre-school 'matters' in an Irish pre-school community

This in depth, qualitative, participant observer study tracks children's transition experiences from novice to experienced membership of their pre-school community. It also considers adult roles in mediating this process in the context of the recent introduction of a universal free-pre-school year for children growing up in Ireland. Participation and the space to negotiate a participatory identity is understood in this study as a key element of positive experiences of early years transitions, within pre-school and beyond. The underlying theoretical framework is socio-cultural. This approach shifts from a scientific positivist view of thinking and learning as an individual inside the head process and asserts the historical, social, cultural as well as the situated context of learning and meaning making All participants, including myself as researcher, are recognised, explored and valued as embedded in the cultural context studied. In a sense, this approach tilts the worlds being observed through participation in them and reflects them in new light. The aim is to interpret and reflect the multiple realities constructed in this context rather than seek a truth out there waiting to be found. Special efforts are made to be invited in to and acknowledge children's expertise in the cultural worlds they negotiate with peers and adults in pre-school. The aim is to better understand what children may find motivating, interesting or problematic as they interpret reproduce and transform meaning within their play and learning worlds. My aim is for an honest rendering of the voices of stakeholders in pre-school communities from teachers, parents, and policy makers to children themselves. It makes visible constraints; potentials and possibilities within everyday Irish pre-school practices in the situated context studied as well as the broader societal, legislative and macro policy influences it reflects. Casting light on the taken for granted opens the possibility of adaptation or transformation. Transition itself can act as a tool to meet the changing needs of children on their developmental pathways across the life cycle

Monstrative acts and becoming-monster: on identity, bodies, and the feminine other

Using two examples of literary monsters, the Creature in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818), and Grendel’s Mother in Beowulf, this thesis demonstrates the bearing fictional identities have on “real” bodies, through an examination of two further literary texts, David Henry Hwang’s play, M. Butterfly (1986) and J. M. Coetzee’s novel, Disgrace (1999). Western definitions of Being have historically divided body and mind, favouring the mind as formative of subjective experience and denigrating the body as secondary and impure. This thesis demonstrates that this mind/body binary is symptomatic of the masculine ontological imperative to disown the body and its effects on Being, simultaneously ridding itself of the feminine it believes is its irrational opposite. Using recent feminist reviews of the canon, which emphasise the body’s importance to ontology and demonstrate the conceptual association between the feminine and the corporeal, this thesis links performative identity practices to theories of monstrosity, explaining how fictional qualities adhere to monstrous bodies by proposing a new theoretical category, the “monstrative.” The monstrative is a performative force that makes the Other into a living sign of Otherness; however, unlike earlier theories of Othering, the monstrative accounts for the Other’s being other to herself. This thesis also attempts to read the misrepresented body of the Other as a possible site for more empowered identity performances, where the monstrous “I” is interpreted as a potentially positive model for identity practice, through the conceptualisation of identity as a process of Becoming rather than Being. The transferal from a noun to a verb not only emphasises the performativity of identity, but also suggests fluidity and multiplicity in identity practice, which always already indicates a monstrosity at work. Thus, while monstrative acts constitute bodies as monstrous, Becoming-monster is an empathetic response to the Other’s monstrosity.

permGPU: Using graphics processing units in RNA microarray association studies.

BACKGROUND: Many analyses of microarray association studies involve permutation, bootstrap resampling and cross-validation, that are ideally formulated as embarrassingly parallel computing problems. Given that these analyses are computationally intensive, scalable approaches that can take advantage of multi-core processor systems need to be developed. RESULTS: We have developed a CUDA based implementation, permGPU, that employs graphics processing units in microarray association studies. We illustrate the performance and applicability of permGPU within the context of permutation resampling for a number of test statistics. An extensive simulation study demonstrates a dramatic increase in performance when using permGPU on an NVIDIA GTX 280 card compared to an optimized C/C++ solution running on a conventional Linux server. CONCLUSIONS: permGPU is available as an open-source stand-alone application and as an extension package for the R statistical environment. It provides a dramatic increase in performance for permutation resampling analysis in the context of microarray association studies. The current version offers six test statistics for carrying out permutation resampling analyses for binary, quantitative and censored time-to-event traits.

Adaptive Mixture Modelling Metropolis Methods for Bayesian Analysis of Non-linear State-Space Models.

We describe a strategy for Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis of non-linear, non-Gaussian state-space models involving batch analysis for inference on dynamic, latent state variables and fixed model parameters. The key innovation is a Metropolis-Hastings method for the time series of state variables based on sequential approximation of filtering and smoothing densities using normal mixtures. These mixtures are propagated through the non-linearities using an accurate, local mixture approximation method, and we use a regenerating procedure to deal with potential degeneracy of mixture components. This provides accurate, direct approximations to sequential filtering and retrospective smoothing distributions, and hence a useful construction of global Metropolis proposal distributions for simulation of posteriors for the set of states. This analysis is embedded within a Gibbs sampler to include uncertain fixed parameters. We give an example motivated by an application in systems biology. Supplemental materials provide an example based on a stochastic volatility model as well as MATLAB code.

Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism A4917G is independently associated with age-related macular degeneration.

The objective of this study was to determine if MTND2*LHON4917G (4917G), a specific non-synonymous polymorphism in the mitochondrial genome previously associated with neurodegenerative phenotypes, is associated with increased risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). A preliminary study of 393 individuals (293 cases and 100 controls) ascertained at Vanderbilt revealed an increased occurrence of 4917G in cases compared to controls (15.4% vs.9.0%, p = 0.11). Since there was a significant age difference between cases and controls in this initial analysis, we extended the study by selecting Caucasian pairs matched at the exact age at examination. From the 1547 individuals in the Vanderbilt/Duke AMD population association study (including 157 in the preliminary study), we were able to match 560 (280 cases and 280 unaffected) on exact age at examination. This study population was genotyped for 4917G plus specific AMD-associated nuclear genome polymorphisms in CFH, LOC387715 and ApoE. Following adjustment for the listed nuclear genome polymorphisms, 4917G independently predicts the presence of AMD (OR = 2.16, 95%CI 1.20-3.91, p = 0.01). In conclusion, a specific mitochondrial polymorphism previously implicated in other neurodegenerative phenotypes (4917G) appears to convey risk for AMD independent of recently discovered nuclear DNA polymorphisms.

PKC signaling regulates drug resistance of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans via circuitry comprised of Mkc1, calcineurin, and Hsp90.

Fungal pathogens exploit diverse mechanisms to survive exposure to antifungal drugs. This poses concern given the limited number of clinically useful antifungals and the growing population of immunocompromised individuals vulnerable to life-threatening fungal infection. To identify molecules that abrogate resistance to the most widely deployed class of antifungals, the azoles, we conducted a screen of 1,280 pharmacologically active compounds. Three out of seven hits that abolished azole resistance of a resistant mutant of the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a clinical isolate of the leading human fungal pathogen Candida albicans were inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC), which regulates cell wall integrity during growth, morphogenesis, and response to cell wall stress. Pharmacological or genetic impairment of Pkc1 conferred hypersensitivity to multiple drugs that target synthesis of the key cell membrane sterol ergosterol, including azoles, allylamines, and morpholines. Pkc1 enabled survival of cell membrane stress at least in part via the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in both species, though through distinct downstream effectors. Strikingly, inhibition of Pkc1 phenocopied inhibition of the molecular chaperone Hsp90 or its client protein calcineurin. PKC signaling was required for calcineurin activation in response to drug exposure in S. cerevisiae. In contrast, Pkc1 and calcineurin independently regulate drug resistance via a common target in C. albicans. We identified an additional level of regulatory control in the C. albicans circuitry linking PKC signaling, Hsp90, and calcineurin as genetic reduction of Hsp90 led to depletion of the terminal MAPK, Mkc1. Deletion of C. albicans PKC1 rendered fungistatic ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors fungicidal and attenuated virulence in a murine model of systemic candidiasis. This work establishes a new role for PKC signaling in drug resistance, novel circuitry through which Hsp90 regulates drug resistance, and that targeting stress response signaling provides a promising strategy for treating life-threatening fungal infections.

The upstream enhancer elements of the G6PC promoter are critical for optimal G6PC expression in murine glycogen storage disease type Ia.

Glycogen storage disease type-Ia (GSD-Ia) patients deficient in glucose-6-phosphatase-α (G6Pase-α or G6PC) manifest impaired glucose homeostasis characterized by fasting hypoglycemia, growth retardation, hepatomegaly, nephromegaly, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, and lactic acidemia. Two efficacious recombinant adeno-associated virus pseudotype 2/8 (rAAV8) vectors expressing human G6Pase-α have been independently developed. One is a single-stranded vector containing a 2864-bp of the G6PC promoter/enhancer (rAAV8-GPE) and the other is a double-stranded vector containing a shorter 382-bp minimal G6PC promoter/enhancer (rAAV8-miGPE). To identify the best construct, a direct comparison of the rAAV8-GPE and the rAAV8-miGPE vectors was initiated to determine the best vector to take forward into clinical trials. We show that the rAAV8-GPE vector directed significantly higher levels of hepatic G6Pase-α expression, achieved greater reduction in hepatic glycogen accumulation, and led to a better toleration of fasting in GSD-Ia mice than the rAAV8-miGPE vector. Our results indicated that additional control elements in the rAAV8-GPE vector outweigh the gains from the double-stranded rAAV8-miGPE transduction efficiency, and that the rAAV8-GPE vector is the current choice for clinical translation in human GSD-Ia.

Serum cholesterol levels within the high normal range are associated with better cognitive performance among Chinese elderly

© 2016, Serdi and Springer-Verlag France.Objectives: The association between cognitive function and cholesterol levels is poorly understood and inconsistent results exist among the elderly. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association of cholesterol level with cognitive performance among Chinese elderly. Design: A cross-sectional study was implemented in 2012 and data were analyzed using generalized additive models, linear regression models and logistic regression models. Setting: Community-based setting in eight longevity areas in China. Subjects: A total of 2000 elderly aged 65 years and over (mean 85.8±12.0 years) participated in this study. Measurements: Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration were determined and cognitive impairment was defined as Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score≤23. Results: There was a significant positive linear association between TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C and MMSE score in linear regression models. Each 1 mmol/L increase in TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C corresponded to a decreased risk of cognitive impairment in logistic regression models. Compared with the lowest tertile, the highest tertile of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C had a lower risk of cognitive impairment. The adjusted odds ratios and 95% CI were 0.73(0.62–0.84) for TC, 0.81(0.70–0.94) for LDL-C and 0.81(0.70–0.94) for HDL-C. There was no gender difference in the protective effects of high TC and LDL-C levels on cognitive impairment. However, for high HDL-C levels the effect was only observed in women. High TC, LDL-C and HDL-C levels were associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment in the oldest old (aged 80 and older), but not in the younger elderly (aged 65 to 79 years). Conclusions: These findings suggest that cholesterol levels within the high normal range are associated with better cognitive performance in Chinese elderly, specifically in the oldest old. With further validation, low cholesterol may serve a clinical indicator of risk for cognitive impairment in the elderly.

Fertilización nitrógeno - azufrada y variabilidad genotípica en el rendimiento y la calidad de grando en Colza - Granola (Brassica napus L.)

La difusión del cultivo de colza-canola en Argentina es aún limitada, siendo los bajos rendimientos en grano a nivel de producción una de las principales causas de la escasa adopción. Esto es consecuencia del desconocimiento de las respuestas a factores del ambiente que determinan el rendimiento y sus componentes, y a la oferta de nutrientes como estrategias para maximizar el rendimiento y la calidad comercial de los granos. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron analizar (i) la variabilidad en rendimiento y calidad del grano en un amplio rango de genotipos comerciales de colza-canola de Argentina, (ii) el efecto de la fertilización con nitrógeno y azufre sobre el rendimiento y (iii) la calidad del grano de dos genotipos primaverales; en un total de tres años en el campo experimental del Dto. de Producción Vegetal de FAUBA. Se halló una importante variabilidad en el rendimiento en grano entre genotipos y años, mientras que la calidad resultó más estable ante cambios del ambiente. Tanto el rendimiento como el porcentaje de aceite y ácido linolénico del grano se redujeron con temperaturas medias mayor a 13 º C durante la etapa de postfloración, resultando éste el factor ambiental preponderante, covariando con la radiación incidente. La fertilización nitrogenada (hasta 280 kg N ha-1 aplicados durante todo el ciclo) aumentó el rendimiento en grano, a través de cambios en la biomasa aérea total y el número de granos por unidad de área, sin afectarse la partición a raíz y a grano, la eficiencia de uso de la radiación ni el peso del grano. Las distintas eficiencias de uso del N (agronómica, de absorción y fisiológica) fueron constantes en ambos genotipos, y no se alteraron por la oferta de S. Los niveles de S explorados (de 9 a 69 kg ha-1) no parecieron ser limitantes para generar diferenciales en el rendimiento y la calidad del grano. El porcentaje de aceite se redujo y el de proteínas se incrementó más que proporcionalmente ante aumentos en la disponibilidad de N, mientras que el perfil de ácidos grasos y el contenido de glucosinolatos se mantuvieron estables. Los resultados de esta tesis permiten concluir que bajo las condiciones ambientales evaluadas es posible obtener altos rendimientos y alta calidad de grano de colza-canola con los genotipos disponibles actualmente en el mercado argentino

Fertilización nitrógeno - azufrada y variabilidad genotípica en el rendimiento y la calidad de grando en Colza - Granola (Brassica napus L.)

La difusión del cultivo de colza-canola en Argentina es aún limitada, siendo los bajos rendimientos en grano a nivel de producción una de las principales causas de la escasa adopción. Esto es consecuencia del desconocimiento de las respuestas a factores del ambiente que determinan el rendimiento y sus componentes, y a la oferta de nutrientes como estrategias para maximizar el rendimiento y la calidad comercial de los granos. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron analizar (i)la variabilidad en rendimiento y calidad del grano en un amplio rango de genotipos comerciales de colza-canola de Argentina, (ii)el efecto de la fertilización con nitrógeno y azufre sobre el rendimiento y (iii)la calidad del grano de dos genotipos primaverales; en un total de tres años en el campo experimental del Dto. de Producción Vegetal de FAUBA. Se halló una importante variabilidad en el rendimiento en grano entre genotipos y años, mientras que la calidad resultó más estable ante cambios del ambiente. Tanto el rendimiento como el porcentaje de aceite y ácido linolénico del grano se redujeron con temperaturas medias mayor a 13 º C durante la etapa de postfloración, resultando éste el factor ambiental preponderante, covariando con la radiación incidente. La fertilización nitrogenada (hasta 280 kg N ha-1 aplicados durante todo el ciclo)aumentó el rendimiento en grano, a través de cambios en la biomasa aérea total y el número de granos por unidad de área, sin afectarse la partición a raíz y a grano, la eficiencia de uso de la radiación ni el peso del grano. Las distintas eficiencias de uso del N (agronómica, de absorción y fisiológica)fueron constantes en ambos genotipos, y no se alteraron por la oferta de S. Los niveles de S explorados (de 9 a 69 kg ha-1)no parecieron ser limitantes para generar diferenciales en el rendimiento y la calidad del grano. El porcentaje de aceite se redujo y el de proteínas se incrementó más que proporcionalmente ante aumentos en la disponibilidad de N, mientras que el perfil de ácidos grasos y el contenido de glucosinolatos se mantuvieron estables. Los resultados de esta tesis permiten concluir que bajo las condiciones ambientales evaluadas es posible obtener altos rendimientos y alta calidad de grano de colza-canola con los genotipos disponibles actualmente en el mercado argentino

Suplementación con grano de maíz en novillos en pastoreo durante la fase de terminación

p.275-280

Cambios del N del suelo en maíz continuo y rotaciones soja - maíz

p.277-280