The effect of dynamic capabilities on operational-level innovation – Empirical study in magazine publishing industry

This master’s thesis aims to examine the relationship between dynamic capabilities and operational-level innovations. In addition, measures for the concept of dynamic capabilities are developed. The study was executed in the magazine publishing industry which is considered favourable for examining dynamic capabilities, since the sector is characterized by rapid change. As a basis for the study and the measure development, a literary review was conducted. Data for the empirical section was gathered by a survey targeted to chief-editors of Finnish consumer magazines. The relationship between dynamic capabilities and innovation was examined by multiple linear regression. The results indicate that dynamic capabilities have effect on the emergence of radical innovations. Environmental dynamism’s effect on radical innovations was not detected. Also, dynamic capabilities’ effect on innovation was not greater in turbulent operating environment.

IFRS 2 Osakeperusteiset maksut – ylimmän johdon osakeperusteisen palkitsemisjärjestelmien käyttöä selittävät tekijät

Työn tarkoituksena on selvittää, mitkä tekijät vaikuttavat IFRS 2 - standardin mukaisen osakeperusteisen palkitsemisen käyttöön ja sen yleisyyteen sekä mitkä tekijät selittävät IFRS 2 -standardin mukaisen osakeperusteisen palkitsemisen osuutta koko henkilöstökuluista tutkimuksessa esiintyvissä OMX-Nordic pörssin listatuissa Suomen ja Ruotsin large cap - yrityksissä. Työn empiirinen tutkimus toteutetaan laadullisella tutkimuksella, jossa lisäksi käytetään hyväksi regressioanalyysin tuloksia vahvistamaan tutkimuksessa muodostettuja ennakko-oletuksia. Tutkimuksesta kävi ilmi, että IFRS 2 -standardin mukaisen osakeperusteisen palkitsemisen käyttöä selittävät toimitusjohtajan ikä, yrityksen koko sekä yrityksen tutkimus- ja kehitystoiminta. Osakeperusteisen palkitsemisen osuutta yrityksen koko henkilöstökuluista puolestaan selittävät yrityksen velkaantuneisuus, palkitsemistapa sekä toimialan riskisyys.

Software for design of experiments and response modelling of cake filtration applications

Filtration is a widely used unit operation in chemical engineering. The huge variation in the properties of materials to be ltered makes the study of ltration a challenging task. One of the objectives of this thesis was to show that conventional ltration theories are di cult to use when the system to be modelled contains all of the stages and features that are present in a complete solid/liquid separation process. Furthermore, most of the ltration theories require experimental work to be performed in order to obtain critical parameters required by the theoretical models. Creating a good overall understanding of how the variables a ect the nal product in ltration is somewhat impossible on a purely theoretical basis. The complexity of solid/liquid separation processes require experimental work and when tests are needed, it is advisable to use experimental design techniques so that the goals can be achieved. The statistical design of experiments provides the necessary tools for recognising the e ects of variables. It also helps to perform experimental work more economically. Design of experiments is a prerequisite for creating empirical models that can describe how the measured response is related to the changes in the values of the variable. A software package was developed that provides a ltration practitioner with experimental designs and calculates the parameters for linear regression models, along with the graphical representation of the responses. The developed software consists of two software modules. These modules are LTDoE and LTRead. The LTDoE module is used to create experimental designs for di erent lter types. The lter types considered in the software are automatic vertical pressure lter, double-sided vertical pressure lter, horizontal membrane lter press, vacuum belt lter and ceramic capillary action disc lter. It is also possible to create experimental designs for those cases where the variables are totally user de ned, say for a customized ltration cycle or di erent piece of equipment. The LTRead-module is used to read the experimental data gathered from the experiments, to analyse the data and to create models for each of the measured responses. Introducing the structure of the software more in detail and showing some of the practical applications is the main part of this thesis. This approach to the study of cake ltration processes, as presented in this thesis, has been shown to have good practical value when making ltration tests.

Esimiestyön vaikutus työhön sitoutumiseen ja työhyvinvointiin

Tutkielman kohteena on tarkastella suhteita esimiestyön, työhön sitoutumisen ja työhyvinvoinnin välillä ICT – alalla Suomessa tapaustutkimuksena. Ilmiöiden välisiä suhteita testattiin sähköisellä henkilöstön sitoutumista mittaavalla kyselylomakkeella vuosina 2011 ja 2012. Yhteensä näinä vuosina kyselyyn vastasi 538 henkilöä, joista tutkittava otos on muodostunut. Lineaarisella regressioanalyysillä osoitettiin merkittäviä tilastollisia korrelaatioita esimiestyön ja työhön sitoutumisen sekä työhön sitoutumisen ja työhyvinvoinnin välillä.

Luottamuksen vaikutus tiedon jakamiseen ja yhteistyöhön

Tutkielman tarkoituksena oli tutkia teoreettisesti ja empiirisesti luottamuksen vaikutusta organisaatioyksiköiden väliseen tiedon jakamiseen ja yhteistyöhön. Luottamuksen näkökulmasta tarkasteltiin henkilöityvän ja ei-henkilöityvän luottamuksen vaikutusta yhdessä ja erikseen. Tiedon jakamisessa tarkasteltiin hiljaisen sekä käsitteellisen tiedon jakamista. Luottamuksen vaikutusta tiedon jakamiseen on yleisesti tutkittu, mutta tutkielman tavoitteena oli tutkia ilmiötä pankki- ja vakuutusliiketoimintaa harjoittavan kohdeorganisaation näkökulmasta. Tutkimustulokset analysoitiin kvantitatiivisilla tutkimusmenetelmillä, joista mukana oli faktorianalyysi ja lineaarinen regressio. Tämän tutkimuksen perusteella luottamuksella oli positiivinen vaikutus tiedon jakamiseen. Henkilöityvän luottamuksen vaikutus oli merkittävästi voimakkaampi kuin ei-henkilöityvän luottamuksen. Luottamuksen vaikutus yhteistyöhön oli myös positiivinen, jossa henkilöityvän ja ei-henkilöityvän luottamuksen vaikutus ja voimakkuus olivat yhtäläisiä.

Predictors of fluid intravasation during operative hysteroscopy: a preplanned prospective observational study with 200 cases

PURPOSE: To verify the predictors of intravasation rate during hysteroscopy.METHODS: Prospective observational study (Canadian Task Force classification II-1). All cases (n=200 women; 22 to 86 years old) were treated in an operating room setting. Considering respective bag overfill to calculate water balance, we tested two multiple linear regression models: one for total intravasation (mL) and the other for absorption rate (mL.min-1). The predictors tested (independent variables) were energy (mono/bipolar), tube patency (with/without tubal ligation), hysterometry (cm), age≤50 years, body surface area (m2), surgical complexity (with/without myomectomy) and duration (min).RESULTS: Mean intravasation was significantly higher when myomectomy was performed (442±616 versus 223±332 mL; p<0.01). In the proposed multiple linear regression models for total intravasation (adjusted R2=0.44; p<0.01), the only significant predictors were myomectomy and duration (p<0.01).In the proposed model for intravasation rate (R2=0.39; p<0.01), only myomectomy and hysterometry were significant predictors (p=0.02 and p<0.01, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: Not only myomectomy but also hysterometry were significant predictors of intravasation rate during operative hysteroscopy.

Metabolism and gene polymorphisms of the folate pathway in Brazilian women with history of recurrent abortion

PURPOSE: To investigate the association between polymorphisms in genes that encode enzymes involved in folate- and vitamin B12-dependent homocysteine metabolism and recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).METHODS: We investigated the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of the methylenetetrahydrofalate reductase gene (MTHFR), the A2756G polymorphism of the methionine synthase gene (MS) and the 844ins68 insertion of the cystathionine beta synthetase gene (CBS). The PCR technique followed by RFLP was used to assess the polymorphisms; the serum levels of homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate were investigated by chemiluminescence. The EPI Info Software version 6.04 was used for statistical analysis. Parametric variables were compared by Student's t-test and nonparametric variables by the Wilcoxon rank sum test.RESULTS: The frequencies of gene polymorphisms in 89 women with a history of idiopathic recurrent miscarriage and 150 controls were 19.1 and 19.6% for the C677T, insertion, 20.8 and 26% for the A1298C insertion, 14.2 and 21.9% for the A2756G insertion, and 16.4 and 18% for the 844ins68 insertion, respectively. There were no significant differences between case and control groups in any of the gene polymorphisms investigated. However, the frequency of the 844ins68 insertion in the CBS gene was higher among women with a history of loss during the third trimester of pregnancy (p=0.003). Serum homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate levels id not differ between the polymorphisms studied in the case and control groups. However, linear regression analysis showed a dependence of serum folate levels on the maintenance of tHcy levels.CONCLUSION: The investigated gene polymorphisms and serum homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate levels were not associated with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage in the present study. Further investigations are needed in order to confirm the role of the CBS 844ins68 insertion in recurrent miscarriage.

Factors associated with postpartum weight retention in a Brazilian cohort

PURPOSE: To identify the factors associated with weight retention after pregnancy.METHODS: A cohort study was performed with 145 women receiving maternity care at a hospital in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, aged 19 to 45 years, between weeks 38 and 42 of pregnancy. The patients were evaluated at one month, three months, and six months after delivery. Student's t-test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare groups, as indicated; correlations were assessed with Pearson's and Spearman's tests, as indicated; to identify and evaluate confounders independently associated with total weight loss, a multivariate linear regression analysis was performed and statistical significance was set at p≤0.05.RESULTS: There was a significant positive association between total weight gain - and a negative association with physical exercise during pregnancy - with total weight loss. Higher parity, inter-pregnancy interval, calorie intake, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), weight gain related to pre-pregnancy BMI, presence and severity of depression, and lack of exclusive breastfeeding were directly associated with lower weight loss. Among nominal variables, level of education and marital status were significantly associated with total weight loss.CONCLUSION: In the present study, lower weight retention in the postpartum period was associated with higher educational attainment and with being married. Normal or below-normal pre-pregnancy BMI, physical activity and adequate weight gain during pregnancy, lower parity, exclusive breastfeeding for a longer period, appropriate or low calorie intake, and absence of depression were also determinants of reduced weight retention.

Yleisömäärää selittävät muuttujat ja niiden vaikutus seurojen talouteen: Jääkiekon SM-liiga

Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää jääkiekon SM-liigaotteluiden yleisömäärään vaikuttavia tekijöitä. Jääkiekkoliiketoimintaa harjoittavien yritysten parissa työskentelevillä on vahvat näkemykset urheilumenestyksen vaikutuksesta yleisömäärään, ja sitä kautta seurojen talouteen. Tilastollista tukea näkemyksille ei kuitenkaan ole ollut saatavilla. Aiemmat urheiluliiketoimintaa käsitelleet tutkimukset ovat keskittyneet pääosin taloudelliseen tulokseen, eikä niinkään siihen, miten taloudelliseen tulokseen päädytään. Tutkimus toteutetaan luomalla viisi erilaista yleisömäärää selittävää mallia lineaarista regressioanalyysiä hyödyntäen. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että otteluiden yleisömääriä voidaan selittää tilastollisen analyysin avulla. Tulosten perusteella kaikki yleisömäärään liittyvät hypoteesit eivät kuitenkaan ole niin merkitseviä kuin hypoteesien mukaan oletetaan. Tarkastelujakson globaali talouden taantuma loi omat haasteensa urheiluliiketoimintaa harjoittaville yrityksille, mutta taloudellisesti haastava tutkimusajanjakso ei vaikuta olennaisesti tutkimustuloksiin.

Isosporoid Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) parasites of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae) from the Marambaia Island, Brazil

In recent years some coccidian parasites of birds were recorded in Marambaia Island, which is a protected environment with a great biodiversity of birds, mainly tanagers. In this current study Isospora tiesangui, I. sepetibensis, I. ramphoceli, I. navarroi, I. cadimi and I. marambaiensis were identified according to their respective thraupid hosts of the Marambaia Island. These species were characterized with histograms, linear regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The main feature of identification was the morphology of the sporocyst, mainly Stieda and substieda bodies, since the morphometry did not provide sufficient differentiation. Besides, Dacnis cayana and Thraupis palmarum were reported as new hosts to I. sepetibensis and I. navarroi respectively.

Exchange rate volatility and the use of foreign currency derivatives: Impact of 2008 global financial crisis

This thesis examines the impact of foreign exchange rate volatility to the extent of use of foreign currency derivatives. Especially the focus is on the impacts of 2008 global financial crisis. The crisis increased risk level in the capital markets greatly. The change in the currency derivatives use is analyzed by comparing means between different periods and in addition, by linear regression that enables to analyze the explanatory power of the model. The research data consists of financial statements figures from fiscal years 2006-2011 published by firms operating in traditional Finnish industrial sectors. Volatilities of the chosen three currency pairs is calculated from the daily fixing rates of ECB. Based on the volatility the sample period is divided into three sub-periods. The results suggest that increased FX market volatility did not increase the use foreign currency derivatives. Furthermore, the increased foreign exchange rate volatility did not increase the power of linear regression model to estimate the use foreign currency derivatives compared to previous studies.

Low dose of dichloroacetate infusion reduces blood lactate after submaximal exercise in horses

The acute administration of an indirect activator of the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in human athletes causes a reduction in blood lactate level during and after exercise. A single IV dose (2.5m.kg-1) of dichloroacetate (DCA) was administered before a submaximal incremental exercise test (IET) with five velocity steps, from 5.0 m.s-1 for 1 min to 6.0, 6.5, 7.0 and 7.5m.s-1 every 30s in four untrained mares. The blood collections were done in the period after exercise, at times 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min. Blood lactate and glucose (mM) were determined electro-enzymatically utilizing a YSI 2300 automated analyzer. There was a 15.3% decrease in mean total blood lactate determined from the values obtained at all assessment times in both trials after the exercise. There was a decrease in blood lactate 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min after exercise for the mares that received prior DCA treatment, with respective mean values of 6.31±0.90 vs 5.81±0.50, 6.45±1.19 vs 5.58±1.06, 6.07±1.56 vs 5.26±1.12, 4.88±1.61 vs 3.95±1.00, 3.66±1.41 vs 2.86±0.75 and 2.75±0.51 vs 2.04±0.30. There was no difference in glucose concentrations. By means of linear regression analysis, V140, V160, V180 and V200 were determined (velocity at which the rate heart is 140, 160, 180, and 200 beats/minute, respectively). The velocities related to heart rate did not differ, indicating that there was no ergogenic effect, but prior administration of a relatively low dose of DCA in mares reduced lactatemia after an IET.

QT interval in healthy dogs: which method of correcting the QT interval in dogs is appropriate for use in small animal clinics?

The electrocardiography (ECG) QT interval is influenced by fluctuations in heart rate (HR) what may lead to misinterpretation of its length. Considering that alterations in QT interval length reflect abnormalities of the ventricular repolarisation which predispose to occurrence of arrhythmias, this variable must be properly evaluated. The aim of this work is to determine which method of correcting the QT interval is the most appropriate for dogs regarding different ranges of normal HR (different breeds). Healthy adult dogs (n=130; German Shepherd, Boxer, Pit Bull Terrier, and Poodle) were submitted to ECG examination and QT intervals were determined in triplicates from the bipolar limb II lead and corrected for the effects of HR through the application of three published formulae involving quadratic, cubic or linear regression. The mean corrected QT values (QTc) obtained using the diverse formulae were significantly different (ρ<0.05), while those derived according to the equation QTcV = QT + 0.087(1- RR) were the most consistent (linear regression). QTcV values were strongly correlated (r=0.83) with the QT interval and showed a coefficient of variation of 8.37% and a 95% confidence interval of 0.22-0.23 s. Owing to its simplicity and reliability, the QTcV was considered the most appropriate to be used for the correction of QT interval in dogs.

Omistajuuden vaikutus yrittäjämäiseen orientaatioon, kasvuun ja kannattavuuteen

Tämän tutkielman aiheena tutkia miten omistajuus vaikuttaa yrittäjämäiseen orientaatioon, kasvuun ja kannattavuuteen suomalaisissa osakeyhtiöissä. Omistajuuden muotoina ovat mukana valtionomistus, ulkomaalaisomistus ja julkinen/yksityinen osakeyhtiö. Tutkielmassa käytetään line-aarista regressiota tutkimaan miten nämä kolme vaikuttavat yrittäjämäiseen orientaatioon, kasvuun ja kannattavuuteen, mutta myös miten yrittäjämäinen orientaatio vaikuttaa kasvuun ja kannattavuuteen. Tutkielma osoittaa, että valitut omistajuuden muodot eivät suoraan vaikuta yrityksen kasvuun ja kannattavuuteen eikä yrittäjämäisen orientaation ta-soon suomalaisessa osakeyhtiössä.

Spatial multicriteria decision analysis for the siting of on-shore wind power in Kemiönsaari

Wind power is a low-carbon energy production form that reduces the dependence of society on fossil fuels. Finland has adopted wind energy production into its climate change mitigation policy, and that has lead to changes in legislation, guidelines, regional wind power areas allocation and establishing a feed-in tariff. Wind power production has indeed boosted in Finland after two decades of relatively slow growth, for instance from 2010 to 2011 wind energy production increased with 64 %, but there is still a long way to the national goal of 6 TWh by 2020. This thesis introduces a GIS-based decision-support methodology for the preliminary identification of suitable areas for wind energy production including estimation of their level of risk. The goal of this study was to define the least risky places for wind energy development within Kemiönsaari municipality in Southwest Finland. Spatial multicriteria decision analysis (SMCDA) has been used for searching suitable wind power areas along with many other location-allocation problems. SMCDA scrutinizes complex ill-structured decision problems in GIS environment using constraints and evaluation criteria, which are aggregated using weighted linear combination (WLC). Weights for the evaluation criteria were acquired using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with nine expert interviews. Subsequently, feasible alternatives were ranked in order to provide a recommendation and finally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted for the determination of recommendation robustness. The first study aim was to scrutinize the suitability and necessity of existing data for this SMCDA study. Most of the available data sets were of sufficient resolution and quality. Input data necessity was evaluated qualitatively for each data set based on e.g. constraint coverage and attribute weights. Attribute quality was estimated mainly qualitatively by attribute comprehensiveness, operationality, measurability, completeness, decomposability, minimality and redundancy. The most significant quality issue was redundancy as interdependencies are not tolerated by WLC and AHP does not include measures to detect them. The third aim was to define the least risky areas for wind power development within the study area. The two highest ranking areas were Nordanå-Lövböle and Påvalsby followed by Helgeboda, Degerdal, Pungböle, Björkboda, and Östanå-Labböle. The fourth aim was to assess the recommendation reliability, and the top-ranking two areas proved robust whereas the other ones were more sensitive.