Step by step: correcting our mental image of the mušlālu

The mušlālu, which is usually understood to be a step- or ramped gate, has so far rarely been discussed in much detail, even though the texts mentioning it have been known for a long time. This is no doubt because the evidence on which to base both philological and archaeological investigations appears sparse and scattered. Up to now, scholars have tended to focus on specific mušlālu-structures. Consequently, there are as many discussions as there are mušlālu-structures. This article attempts to get a sense of the broader picture by bringing together the philological and archaeological data hitherto available with the aim of discussing the mušlālu as term and structure, clarifying the semantics and reassessing the architectural identifications. We hope to demonstrate that it is actually possible to take the evidence one step further and correct the mušlālu image that prevails.

Renewal of Religious Leadership According to an Ancient Model. Bishop Joseph Hubert Reinkens and Bishop Martin of Tours

Im Jahr 1866 verfasste der damals in Breslau lehrende römisch-katholische Kirchenhistoriker Joseph Hubert Reinkens eine der ersten historisch-kritischen Studien in deutscher Sprache über Martin von Tours, in der er sich u.a. mit Martins bischöflichem Leitungsdienst befasste. Nach dem Ersten Vatikanischen Konzil (1870) wurde Reinkens 1873 der erste Bischof für die Alt-Katholiken im Deutschen Reich. Der Beitrag beschreibt den Einfluss, den Reinkens' Martin-Rezeption auf sein theologisches und praktisches Verständnis des Bischofsamts hatte.

Der Sohn des alten Volkes ; The son of the Ancient Race [Illustration] : (Gemälde)

Jozef Israels

Shulamit an Ancient Love-Drama. Known as the "Song of Songs," and attributed to Solomon, King of Israel

Gershon Katz

The Jew and Christianity : some phases, ancient and modern, of the Jewish attitude towards Christianity

by Herbert Danby

Polynesian mythology and ancient traditional history of the New Zealand race as furnished by their priests and chiefs

by Sir George Grey, late governor-in-chief in New Zealand

Reliques of ancient English poetry : consisting of old heroic ballads, songs, and other pieces of our earlier poets, (chiefly of the lyric kind) : together with some few of later date

[edited by Thomas Percy]

Ancient Music. Monarchs, who, with Rapture wild

Hear their own Prayse with Mouths of gaping Wonder / And catch each Crotchet of the Birth-day Thunder (Peter Pindar) [[Elektronische Ressource]]

The Am ha-Aretz, the ancient Hebrew parliament : a chapter in the constitutional history of ancient Israel

by Mayer Sulzberger

El símbolo cristiano del pez : origen y proyecciones

Desde hace tiempo se sabía que el nombre griego ij÷qýò (pez) encerraba como acróstico una frase cuyo contenido es una antigua fórmula cristológica: Jesús-Cristo-Hijo de Dios-Salvador que se conservaba en diversos medios poéticos del siglo II. Pero últimamente se ha comprobado la función que el símbolo del pez y la palabra como criptograma desempeñaba en algunos textos de la biblioteca de Nag Hammadi y se ha descubierto su presencia en una versión diferente de la parábola de la red y el pescador, el panorama se amplía notablemente. Porque con estos elementos a disposición es posible comparar estructuras narrativas paralelas y contenidos significativos divergentes que permiten ampliar el horizonte de la investigación de los primeros tiempos cristianos y deducir las diferencias en la interpretación de los mismos motivos religiosos de algunos textos cristianos primitivos.