Factores de riesgo laboral que inciden en las cualidades de voz de los docentes de la Universidad de Sucre

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Evaluaci??n del tratamiento logop??dico en la rehabilitaci??n de la disfon??a en adultos : seguimiento de los efectos grupales y de las variaciones individuales

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Herramienta para la evaluaci??n ac??stica de la voz en entornos hostipalarios : EVALUA

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Un estridor para no temer

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Transformación curricular del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje musical en la etapa 0-3

La propuesta de trabajo musical con los bebés que estamos desarrollando parte de una concepción constructivista de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje centrada en el desarrollo de las capacidades de los niños. Siguiendo los presupuestos de la psicología cognitiva, el desarrollo de la aptitud musical se realiza mediante actividades relacionadas con la improvisación o composición, la interpretación o ejecución y la audición o percepción musical activa, que se corresponden con las funciones de los músicos profesionales de compositor, intérprete, director y crítico respectivamente. Estos papeles se llevan a cabo mediante las actividades musicales escolares tradicional es relacionadas con la expresión vocal, instrumental, el movimiento y la danza, y la audición musical activa

Dialetos Gestuais em Portugal

Os dialetos das línguas orais consistem numa variação linguística que se pode concretizar, sobretudo em alterações fonológicas e lexicais que derivam da diferenciação geográfica. Na língua gestual portuguesa (LGP) parece verificar-se o mesmo fenómeno, embora a motivação para a variação linguística possa não ser apenas geográfica. A presente dissertação de Mestrado pretende estudar os dialetos em língua gestual portuguesa, registando, para o efeito, gestos produzidos e analisados por surdos de diferentes regiões do país. Em particular, pretendem analisar-se as variantes dialetais utilizadas por surdos que tenham frequentado diferentes escolas e espaços de convívio. Serão também investigadas as relações de poder local que envolvem a escolha de determinados gestos pelos usuários da língua.

A aula de educação musical : pedagogias diferentes conduzem a diferentes resultados na aprendizagem?

Sendo professor de Educação Musical no ensino básico, decidi realizar o presente trabalho com o objetivo de averiguar se, para o universo de alunos indicado, é mais vantajoso trabalhar a partir das propostas pedagógicas de Edwin Gordon, que se baseiam no conceito de audiação como forma de levar o aluno a compreender a música (audiação é a capacidade de ouvirmos e compreendermos sons que podem estar, ou não, fisicamente presentes), ou nos ensinamentos de Jos Wuytack, que defende a utilização de técnicas de imitação nas fases iniciais de ensino da música a jovens. Tendo esta investigação sido realizada ao longo de um semestre letivo, não seria adequado nem possível aplicar extensivamente todas as propostas dos pedagogos referidos. Como tal, os trabalhos aqui apresentados foram limitados aos conceitos que considerei mais adequados para o tempo e para os objetivos definidos para o nível de ensino aqui em estudo. Foram trabalhadas as audiações números um, dois e quatro, por um lado, e, por outro, as técnicas de imitação melódica e rítmica. Foi feita uma avaliação contínua da evolução de cada aluno, como forma de estabelecer um padrão de desenvolvimento que permitisse concluir qual das duas metodologias de ensino da música a jovens se revelou mais adequada na globalidade e qual a que produziu melhores resultados no que diz respeito à melhoria da afinação vocal, do conhecimento das notas musicais, do rigor rítmico e da dedilhação na flauta de bisel. Os resultados obtidos não nos permitiram retirar nenhuma conclusão definitiva.

La reforma judicial en el contexto de la reforma del estado peruano

La Constitución de 1993, en forma implícita ha determinado que el Poder Judicial (PJ), Ministerio Público (MP), Tribunal Constitucional (TC), Consejo Nacional de la Magistratura (CNM), Academia de la Magistratura (AMAG) y Jurado Nacional de Elecciones (JNE) formen parte de un Sistema de impartición de Justicia. Sistema que en las actuales circunstancias, producto a actos de corrupción generalizado que encontraron una salida de escape con la captura del Vocal Supremo Provisional Eduardo Palacios Villar, ha generado un debate en el Congreso de la República , Corte Suprema de la República y el Ejecutivo para establecer los mecanismos necesarios para una nueva reforma judicial. Sin embargo cuando se aborda la problemática de la reforma judicial, sólo se considera al PJ y en menor medida al MP, sin considerar que parte de la problemática del sector responde a las acciones de otras instituciones. Por ejemplo, la provisionalidad de los magistrados se debe en gran medida a la acción directa del CNM, la cual no ha nombrado magistrados en plazas de tanta importancia como es la Corte Suprema de la República y la Fiscalía Suprema. Adicional a la provisionalidad, es posible considerar otros factores como la lentitud procesal, la excesiva carga procesal, elevados niveles de corrupción en todos los ámbitos y una magistratura que no genera confiabilidad por emitir fallos contradictorios (que llegan a cuestionar inclusive la misma capacidad intelectual de los mismos magistrados) o ajenos a una predictibilidad mediana; lo cual en conjunto genera un nivel de aprobación que no supera el 15% de aceptación. Sin embargo uno de los grandes problemas que enfrenta una eventual reforma del SIJ es la estructura de la carrera de la magistratura, la cual según nuestra propia constitución y leyes orgánicas del PJ y MP es de régimen abierto, lo cual genera inconvenientes en una estructura de desarrollo socio económico nacional. Por ello es necesario que la reforma judicial que se pretenda iniciar aborde la reforma de las leyes orgánicas del PJ, MP, y CNM para efectos de definir los marcos generales de una carrera pública en la magistratura, que permita la operatividad de funciones en las instituciones y no genere los vacíos y provisionalidad existentes en la actualidad.

Did they talk their way out of Africa?

Corballis suggests that fully vocal communication was invented by modern humans between 170,000 and 50,000 years ago. Because this new form of communication did not require hand gestures, he wondered whether this may have facilitated the development of lithic manufacture. I cast doubt on this interesting notion but offer an enhanced version that may have more potential.

Frequency of word-use predicts rates of lexical evolution throughout Indo-European history

Greek speakers say "ovpa", Germans "schwanz'' and the French "queue'' to describe what English speakers call a 'tail', but all of these languages use a related form of 'two' to describe the number after one. Among more than 100 Indo-European languages and dialects, the words for some meanings (such as 'tail') evolve rapidly, being expressed across languages by dozens of unrelated words, while others evolve much more slowly-such as the number 'two', for which all Indo-European language speakers use the same related word-form(1). No general linguistic mechanism has been advanced to explain this striking variation in rates of lexical replacement among meanings. Here we use four large and divergent language corpora (English(2), Spanish(3), Russian(4) and Greek(5)) and a comparative database of 200 fundamental vocabulary meanings in 87 Indo-European languages(6) to show that the frequency with which these words are used in modern language predicts their rate of replacement over thousands of years of Indo-European language evolution. Across all 200 meanings, frequently used words evolve at slower rates and infrequently used words evolve more rapidly. This relationship holds separately and identically across parts of speech for each of the four language corpora, and accounts for approximately 50% of the variation in historical rates of lexical replacement. We propose that the frequency with which specific words are used in everyday language exerts a general and law-like influence on their rates of evolution. Our findings are consistent with social models of word change that emphasize the role of selection, and suggest that owing to the ways that humans use language, some words will evolve slowly and others rapidly across all languages.

Inspecting the teaching of singing in the teacher training colleges of England, Wales and Scotland 1883-1899

This paper investigates the links between the teaching of singing, training and inspection during the late Victorian era. It utilises as a primary source the annual inspection reports of the music inspector, Sir John Stainer. More specifically it focuses upon the musical background of the students in the training colleges of England, Wales and Scotland, the methods employed to teach sight singing and voice production, the vocal repertoire and preparation for the teaching of singing in schools. Finally, some comparison is made with the present day and the relationship between the teaching of singing, training and inspection.

For better or worse: the effect of levodopa on speech in Parkinson's disease

While the beneficial effect of levodopa on traditional motor control tasks have been well documented over the decades. its effect on speech motor control has rarely been objectively examined and the existing literature remains inconclusive. This paper aims to examine the effect of levodopa on speech in patients with Parkinson's disease. It was hypothesized that levodopa would improve preparatory motor set related activity and alleviate hypophonia. Patients fasted and abstained from levodopa overnight. Motor examination and speech testing was performed the following day, pre-levodopa during their "off' state, then at hourly intervals post-medication to obtain the best "on" state. All speech stimuli showed a consistent tendency for increased loudness and faster rate during the "on" state, but this was accompanied by a greater extent of intensity decay. Pitch and articulation remained unchanged. Levodopa effectively upscaled the overall gain setting of vocal amplitude and tempo, similar to its well-known effect on limb movement. However, unlike limb movement, this effect on the final acoustic product of speech may or may not be advantageous, depending on the existing speech profile of individual patients. (C) 2007 Movement Disorder Society.

Action preparation helps and hinders perception of action.

Several theories of the mechanisms linking perception and action require that the links are bidirectional, but there is a lack of consensus on the effects that action has on perception. We investigated this by measuring visual event-related brain potentials to observed hand actions while participants prepared responses that were spatially compatible (e.g., both were on the left side of the body) or incompatible and action type compatible (e.g., both were finger taps) or incompatible, with observed actions. An early enhanced processing of spatially compatible stimuli was observed, which is likely due to spatial attention. This was followed by an attenuation of processing for both spatially and action type compatible stimuli, likely to be driven by efference copy signals that attenuate processing of predicted sensory consequences of actions. Attenuation was not response-modality specific; it was found for manual stimuli when participants prepared manual and vocal responses, in line with the hypothesis that action control is hierarchically organized. These results indicate that spatial attention and forward model prediction mechanisms have opposite, but temporally distinct, effects on perception. This hypothesis can explain the inconsistency of recent findings on action-perception links and thereby supports the view that sensorimotor links are bidirectional. Such effects of action on perception are likely to be crucial, not only for the control of our own actions but also in sociocultural interaction, allowing us to predict the reactions of others to our own actions.