993 resultados para UNION EUROPEA - POLITICA EXTERIOR - 2006-2009
Resumo:
This PhD thesis aims at providing an evaluation of EU Cohesion policy impact on regional growth. It employs methodologies and data sources never before applied for this purpose. Main contributions to the literature concerning EU regional policy effectiveness have been extensively analysed. Moreover, having carried out an overview of the current literature on Cohesion Policy, we deduce that this work introduces innovative features in the field. The work enriches the current literature with regards to two aspects. The first aspect concerns the use of the instrument of Regression Discontinuity Design in order to examine the presence of a different outcome in terms of growth between Objectives 1 regions and non-Objective 1 regions at the cut-off point (75 percent of EU-15 GDP per capita in PPS) during the two programming periods, 1994-1999 and 2000-2006. The results confirm a significant difference higher than 0.5 percent per year between the two groups. The other empirical evaluation regards the study of a cross-section regression model based on the convergence theory that analyses the dependence relation between regional per capita growth and EU Cohesion policy expenditure in several fields of interventions. We have built a very fine dataset of spending variables (certified expenditure), using sources of data directly provided from the Regional Policy Directorate of the European Commission.
Resumo:
La tesi affronta le problematiche fiscali della riorganizzazione societaria e la soluzione adoperata nell’Unione europea per le operazioni di carattere transfrontaliere. Si parte dalla definizione del termine “riorganizzazione societaria”, evidenziando le sue matici economiche e la varietà del suo contenuto secondo l’ordinamento giuridico e la branca del diritto di riferimento. Si prosegue sulla correlazione fra l’ampliazione del contenuto della libertà di stabilimento, dovuta maggiormente all’attività interpretativa della Corte di giustizia, e l’allargamento del concetto di riorganizzazione societaria nel quadro normativo dell’Unione. Si procede dunque all’analisi del regime fiscale comune della direttiva 2009/133/CE intravedendosi i suoi sviluppi successivi. In sede di conclusioni, si apporta un breve riassunto sullo stato della questione in Brasile e si riflette sull’attendibilità del modello impositivo dell’Unione quale parametro per una futura riforma fiscale in Brasile.
Resumo:
Entro l’approccio concettuale e metodologico transdisciplinare della Scienza della Sostenibilità, la presente tesi elabora un background teorico per concettualizzare una definizione di sostenibilità sulla cui base proporre un modello di sviluppo alternativo a quello dominante, declinato in termini di proposte concrete entro il caso-studio di regolazione europea in materia di risparmio energetico. La ricerca, attraverso un’analisi transdisciplinare, identifica una crisi strutturale del modello di sviluppo dominante basato sulla crescita economica quale (unico) indicatore di benessere e una crisi valoriale. L’attenzione si concentra quindi sull’individuazione di un paradigma idoneo a rispondere alle criticità emerse dall’analisi. A tal fine vengono esaminati i concetti di sviluppo sostenibile e di sostenibilità, arrivando a proporre un nuovo paradigma (la “sostenibilità ecosistemica”) che dia conto dell’impossibilità di una crescita infinita su un sistema caratterizzato da risorse limitate. Vengono poi presentate delle proposte per un modello di sviluppo sostenibile alternativo a quello dominante. Siffatta elaborazione teorica viene declinata in termini concreti mediante l’elaborazione di un caso-studio. A tal fine, viene innanzitutto analizzata la funzione della regolazione come strumento per garantire l’applicazione pratica del modello teorico. L’attenzione è concentrata sul caso-studio rappresentato dalla politica e regolazione dell’Unione Europea in materia di risparmio ed efficienza energetica. Dall’analisi emerge una progressiva commistione tra i due concetti di risparmio energetico ed efficienza energetica, per la quale vengono avanzate delle motivazioni e individuati dei rischi in termini di effetti rebound. Per rispondere alle incongruenze tra obiettivo proclamato dall’Unione Europea di riduzione dei consumi energetici e politica effettivamente perseguita, viene proposta una forma di “regolazione per la sostenibilità” in ambito abitativo residenziale che, promuovendo la condivisione dei servizi energetici, recuperi il significato proprio di risparmio energetico come riduzione del consumo mediante cambiamenti di comportamento, arricchendolo di una nuova connotazione come “bene relazionale” per la promozione del benessere relazionale ed individuale.
Resumo:
This dissertation is divided into four chapters and combines the study of the European Green Capital Award with a terminology research on small wind turbines, a technical subject in the macro-area of sustainable cities. Chapter I aims at giving an overview of the development of environmental policies and treaties both at the international and European level. Then, after highlighting the crucial role of cities for the global environment, the chapter outlines the urban dimension of the EU environmental policies and defines the vision of a sustainable city promoted by the European Union. Chapter II contains an in-depth analysis of the European Green Capital Award and illustrates its aims, the entire designation process, its communication campaign and its evolution. Chapter III focuses on applicant, finalist and winning cities in order to study the aspect of participation in the competition. It also contains a detailed analysis of two European Green Capitals, i.e. Nantes and Bristol, who respectively won the title in 2013 and 2015. Based on a variety of sources, this chapter examines the successful aspects of their bids and communication campaigns during their year as Green Capitals. Chapter IV presents the terminology research in the field of small wind turbines and the resulting bilingual glossary in English and Italian. The research was carried out using two terminology tools: TranslatorBank and InterpretBank. The former is composed by two software programmes, CorpusCreator and MiniConcordancer DB, which were used to semi-automatically create specialized corpora from the Web and then extract terminology and occurrences of terms from the collected texts. The latter is a software which has been specifically designed for interpreters in order to help them optimize their professional workflow, from gathering information and creating glossaries on a specific subject to the actual interpreting task at a conference. InterpretBank’s tool TermMode was used to create a glossary with term equivalents and additional information such as definitions and the contexts of use.
Resumo:
This thesis examines the external activities of the European Union conducted in the wider Europe against the backdrop of eastern enlargement. It focuses on the technical aspects of EU diplomacy, using qualitative research methodology to study the programmes and initiatives launched since the year 2000 in the countries lying along the Union’s new border to the east. Drawing on evidence from Ukraine, it hypothesises that the EU is an agent of transformation in the eastern neighbourhood and that this transformation has important implications for the regional order in the post-Soviet space. The thesis constitutes an investigation into the transformational activities engaged by the EU in Ukraine conducted with an eye to their strategic implications. It documents and analyses three instances of EU intervention in Ukraine’s internal processes that relate to management of cross-border traffic in the Ukrainian-Russian borderland, restructuring of the country’s energy sector, and conduct of its contentious presidential election in 2004. It is argued that while these interventions have explicitly sought to advance the Union’s security with respect to certain twenty-first century transnational threats, they have at the same time served to confer important strategic advantages on the EU that include giving the bloc greater knowledge and control over developments in Ukraine and that contribute to the dismantling of infrastructural, institutional and other ties between Kiev and the other Soviet successor states, notably Russia. The effect of the European Union’s actions in the region, whether intended or not, has thus been to undermine any competing regional initiatives that cut across its own functions, and thereby to assert itself as the primary integration project in Europe. By showing how technical interventions in the politics, economics and administration of Ukraine can yield important geopolitical dividends, this thesis demonstrates that, in the context of EU external relations, high and low politics are interlinked.
Resumo:
El artículo analiza la relación entre la Unión Europea y la OTAN en cuestiones de defensa, según se ha reflejado en las estrategias de seguridad de la Unión Europea, con particular atención a la Estrategia Global de la Unión Europea presentada en 2016. Se estudia la Estrategia de Seguridad Europea de 2003, el Informe de Implementación de 2008, y las nuevas aproximaciones al contexto internacional y a la seguridad europea que se reflejan en la Estrategia Global. Se analiza también el papel de la OTAN, así como la evolución de la política de seguridad de los Estados Unidos hacia Europa durante la Administración Obama. Finalmente se discute el posible futuro de la Política Común de Seguridad y Defensa de la UE (PCSD) después del Bréxit, así como las consecuencias para su relación con la OTAN.
Resumo:
Este estudio de caso tiene como objetivo principal analizar la manera en la que las limitaciones de la implementación del soft power de la política exterior China hacia Chile han condicionado las relaciones sino-chilenas al aspecto económico en detrimento del aspecto político y cultural bajo el gobierno de Hu Jintao (2002-2012). Este análisis se elabora a partir de la conceptualización hecha por Joseph Nye en torno al soft power; al cual, se le han otorgado características adicionales dadas por teóricos chinos, como la introducción y, fortalecimiento de China a través de la diplomacia pública para la proyección de su imagen internacional, basada en la cooperación y beneficio mutuo, con el fin de lograr el desarrollo pacífico en el siglo XXI.
Resumo:
El propósito de esta monografía es comprender cuál ha sido el rol de la Unión Africana (UA), dentro de la misión de paz AMISOM en el periodo de 2007- 2013. Por ello, el trabajo abarca aspectos geopolíticos e históricos, que han influido en la configuración del conflicto armado de Somalía y que han llevado progresivamente a la creación, evolución e implementación de mecanismos como las misiones de paz. Además, se abarcan los planteamientos del neo-funcionalismo y el neo-regionalismo para comprender las estructuras y las dinámicas propias de la UA y así, comprender la naturaleza tanto de sus acciones, como de sus propósitos; propósitos que aclaman el fomento del panafricanismo. Desde aquí se puede entender como su rol ha contribuido con el crecimiento del mercado de la industria militar en la región, a costa de la responsabilidad de proteger. Por último, se concluye que dichas dinámicas han llevado a la creación de comunidades de inseguridad.
Resumo:
El presente estudio de caso busca examinar la incidencia de las medidas migratorias de control fronterizo implementadas por el Frontex y el gobierno Italiano en las condiciones mínimas de supervivencia de los migrantes irregulares, económicos y solicitantes de asilo en la Isla de Lampedusa, en el periodo 2011-2015. De esta manera, se identifican las medidas migratorias de control fronterizo implementadas por Frontex y el gobierno Italiano. Se examina la situación de la seguridad humana en la crisis migratoria de la Isla, y se analiza la relación entre las medidas migratorias de control fronterizo y las condiciones mínimas de supervivencia de los migrantes. El resultado de la investigación permite plasmar, las consecuencias negativas que han tenido las medidas migratorias en cuanto a las condiciones mínimas de supervivencia, lo que ha desembocado en una crisis humanitaria.
Resumo:
Esta monografía tiene como objetivo analizar la política exterior de China hacia América Latina en materia económica, política y cultural, con énfasis en las relaciones con Colombia, durante el periodo de 2010 a 2015. Los conceptos de Soft Power y desarrollo pacífico son centrales en el estudio porque sirven para entender la proyección de la política exterior china y cómo mediante ello pretende posicionar una mayor influencia en la región. El trabajo es de tipo analítico, porque identifica la política exterior china y su alcance.
Resumo:
The main objectives of this investigation is to analyze the disclosure of information about intangible assets during a period of nine years, namely the extension or level, as well as their evolution and possible alterations verified upon them, that derived from the adoption in 2005, of the international norm in order to elaborate the consolidated accounts of banks. Through the verification of the disclosure of intangible assets. Taking into account items from International Accounting Standard (IAS) 38 from the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), the consolidated financial statements from seventeen banks, presenting consolidated accounts in Portugal uninterruptable between 2001 and 2009 were analyzed. The results obtained through the construction of an index, elaborated from this effected, reveled an average of disclosure of information on intangibles of 0.24 during the period. The level of general disclosure evolved from an average of 0.1940 in 2001 to 0.2778 in the year 2009. The intangibles generated internally had an average of disclosure of 0.1592 and the intangibles acquired had an average value of 0.2927. A growth in the extension of disclosure of intangibles upon the consolidated financial statement of banks during period analyzed, being this growth more accentuated in 2005 and 2006, which correspond to the first years of adoption in Portugal of international norm endorsed by the European Union through the Regalement 1606/2002, of July 19, the designed IASB-UE norms.
Resumo:
Com o objetivo de analisar a proporção de adultos que dirigem alcoolizados nas capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal após instituição da Lei nº 11.705 foram analisados dados do sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL). Em 2008, 1,5% dos indivíduos entrevistados referiram em pelo menos uma ocasião ter conduzido veículo motorizado após consumo abusivo de bebida alcoólica. A freqüência de adultos que dirigiram após o consumo abusivo se manteve entre 1,8% e 2,2% nos oito meses anteriores à Lei, caindo no mês seqüente à promulgação da mesma, voltando a crescer dois meses depois, atingindo o máximo de 2,6% ao final de 2008 e retornando aos níveis iniciais nos primeiros meses de 2009.