O século XX: o século das crianças, das mulheres, da técnica e da democratização da Educação

Quatro características marcam a educação no século XX: a consolidação da idéia de uma escola pública e laica, a escola sendo colocada no centro da vida social, os novos protagonistas que fazem toda a diferença na educação do século XX: a mulher e a criança e os debates pedagógicos. Na primeira metade do século XX deve-se destacar o estudioso John Dewey que propõe o “aprender fazendo”, ou seja, a partir de uma crítica em torno da escola tradicional ele sugere que a escola não deve interferir no ativismo da criança visto que esse é parte dela. Para esse autor a experiência deve estar na base de todo o conhecimento. Esse pensamento de Dewey percorre toda a metade do século XX e só terá um declínio a partir dos anos 60 quando começa a haver uma crítica a esses métodos ativistas. A segunda metade do século XX se caracteriza por uma forte efervescência política, social e cultural. Pode-se ressaltar, nesse momento, a elaboração do método Paulo Freire.

Análise da performance táctico-técnica no andebol de alto nível: estudo das acções ofensivas com recurso à análise sequencial

O presente estudo insere-se na problemática da Análise da performance táctico – técnica em Andebol, efectuada a partir da observação do jogo e visando a optimização do rendimento desportivo. Tendo como finalidade contribuir para uma alternativa na análise táctico-técnica do rendimento no Andebol, centrou-se a atenção na microanálise de acções táctico-técnicas, integrando-as numa análise mais global das sequências de jogo e das respectivas alterações contextuais. Pretendeu-se questionar a eficácia do ataque e da defesa no Andebol, tendo-se direccionado o estudo para os seguintes objectivos: (1) Analisar padrões de comportamento dos defensores após a recuperação da bola, em relação com o modo e zona de início das sequências ofensivas, tendo em conta as diferentes relações numéricas;(2) Analisar a eficácia do guarda-redes, tendo em conta a interacção guardaredes/defensor; (3) Analisar os meios tácticos que precedem a finalização bem como a sua influência no resultado final da sequência, considerando diferentes relações numéricas; (4) Analisar a interrupção das sequências por faltas sofridas e a respectiva influência no resultado final, tendo em conta diferentes relações numéricas. A amostra do presente estudo foi constituída pelas sequências ofensivas registadas a partir de vinte e cinco jogos das fases finais do Campeonato da Europa de 2002 (onze) e do Campeonato do Mundo de 2003 (catorze), envolvendo, em ambos os casos, apenas as equipas classificadas nos oito primeiros lugares de cada competição. Para a realização do estudo recorreu-se à metodologia observacional, tendo-se efectuado a exploração dos dados através da análise sequencial, tanto prospectiva como retrospectivamente. Usou-se ainda a técnica de análise através das coordenadas polares. Os resultados do estudo permitiram concluir que: (1) É significativa a probabilidade da cooperação guarda-redes/defensor influenciar a eficácia do guarda-redes na defesa da baliza; (2) É significativa a probabilidade do modo de recuperação da bola influenciar o modo de início da sequência ofensiva; (3) É significativa a probabilidade do modo de recuperação da bola influenciar a zona para onde é efectuada a primeira acção com bola da sequência ofensiva; (4) A interrupção da sequência ofensiva por falta sofrida, acompanhada ou não de uma exclusão, tem uma probabilidade significativa de activar o golo de sete metros. A não ocorrência de interrupção da sequência por falta sofrida, evidencia uma probabilidade significativa de activar o golo. No entanto, não é possível concluir que é significativa a probabilidade das interrupções por faltas sofridas influenciarem o resultado da sequência; (5) É significativa a probabilidade da utilização de meios tácticos anteriores à finalização influenciar a eficácia das sequências; (6) É significativa a probabilidade da relação numérica influenciar a eficácia das sequências.

Squiggle e o imaginário infantíl: contribuições ao estudo da relação entre o desenvolvimento emocional da criança e a sua expressão pela técnica do Squiggle

Orientador: Carlos Amaral Dias

O meio virtual criando ambiente inovador capaz de ressignificar a aprendizagem dos alunos da Escola Técnica Estadual de Pernambuco Cícero Dias

A Educação, nesse início de século, encontra-se ainda pouco vinculada à evolução tecnológica, resistindo sistematicamente à incorporação do desenvolvimento da mesma. Este estudo pretende analisar como a utilização das TIC pode produzir ambientes inovadores na aprendizagem dos alunos da ETE - Cícero Dias, objetivando investigar se a utilização das novas tecnologias confere inovação pedagógica, capaz de beneficiar a aquisição de conhecimentos que respondam às atuais necessidades e exigências da educação contemporânea. Este estudo justifica-se por proporcionar mais uma contribuição ao campo da inovação pedagógica. Fundamentando-se nos resultados teóricos, a pesquisa abona uma avaliação epistemológica no aprender mediado pela utilização das novas tecnologias com recomendações para novas práticas e novas pesquisas em educação. Para tanto, a investigação desenvolver-se-á dentro da metodologia de cunho qualitativo etnográfico, onde foi registrada a experiência de alunos e professores do curso profissionalizante de jogos digitais e eu, como investigador, envolvidos com o mundo digital. A pesquisa também apontou que a linguagem midiática torna-se mais eficaz quando a ação dos docentes é ativa para efetivar a inovação no âmbito cognitivo. Igualmente, foi verificado que, quando as Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação proporcionam inovação pedagógica capaz de provocar mudança paradigmática, implica transformações nas bases conservadoras da educação.

A união entre técnica e musicalidade na metodologia de ensino do piano da professora Isabelle Vengerova

GOMES FILHO, Tarcísio. A união entre técnica e musicalidade na metodologia de ensino do piano da professora Isabelle Vengerova. In: Encontro Regional da ABEM Nordeste, 7., João Pessoa, PB, 2008. Anais ... João Pessoa, PB, 2008.

Eficiência técnica dos produtores familiares no Projeto de Irrigação do Baixo Açu/RN

SILVA, Jorge Luiz Mariano da. Eficiência técnica dos produtores familiares no projeto de irrigação do Baixo Açu/RN.In: CONGRESSO SA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE ECONOMIA E SOCIOLOGIA RURAL,42., 2004, Cuiabá - MT. Dinâmcias Setorias e Desevolvimento Regional, 2004.

Técnica de curativo: estudo comparativo entre profissionais e estudantes de enfermagem

Comparar o desenvolvimento de profissionais e estudantes de enfermagem quanto à realização da técnica de curativo. Metodologia: estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi escolhida através de amostragem por conveniência, tendo participado da pesquisa 14 profissionais de enfermagem, que foram observados no período de março a junho de 2009, e 24 estudantes de enfermagem, regularmente matriculados no último período do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, os quais foram observados no período de março e maio de 2010. O procedimento de coleta de dados foi efetuado através da observação não participante e preenchimento de um roteiro semi-estruturado, após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley, sob Protocolo n. 011/09. Resultados: na maioria dos aspectos analisados, os estudantes se sobressaíram aos profissionais, principalmente com relação à lavagem das mãos, orientação do paciente e utilização de movimentos únicos para limpeza da ferida. Conclusão: os profissionais devem melhorar seu conhecimento, buscando atualização nessa área, e os estudantes devem ser supervisionados durante a realização do procedimento

Combater as secas e defender as florestas a natureza nos desafios da ciência e da técnica para modernizar o Brasil (1889 a 1934)

In the first decades of 20th century the just instituted Brazilian Republic faced the challenge to modernize the country. Considering that the progress was associated with the exhaustion of the forest reserves and with climatic changes, two big issues were seen as fundamental: To Fight the Droughts and To Defend the Forests; headed by professionals who were dedicated to these ideals. This research starts from the premise that these were the main challenges enforced by nature to the Brazilian development; the general objective was delimited in the search to understand the meaning and the conception of the natural world by this group of professionals who faced the shock between modernizing the country and conserving its natural resources. Aiming to contribute with the construction of the Brazilian environmental history and to bring historical elements to the debate about the environment in the country, the author concentrates his attention to the analyses, the discussions and the actions that preceded the regulation on the use of natural resources and the implementation of the environmental legislation in Brazil, occurred in 1934. The investigation uses as methodological basis the theoretical directions of environmental history, using sources of data still little explored and valued. In such way, it is taken as starting point some published papers about this subject during the period between 1889 and 1934 in two technical magazines the Revista Brazil Ferro-Carril and the Revista do Club de Engenharia. National engineering played a basic role in this process while arguing, projecting and constructing the development. The formulated proposals, after being divulged, had fomented the interchange with other professionals and had favored the advance of ambient questions in Brazil, in the sense to preserve natural resources, to construct more harmonic relations between the society and the nature and to equate the development with the environment preservation

A assistência técnica nos habitats do MST e o papel do arquiteto e urbanista

This dissertation is about Architect and town planner inserts in the technical support of the Rural establishment and of the possibilities of changes in their habitat. It also looks for its participation through the production of those spaces with or without its performance through two references cases, in Rio Grande do Norte , one called settlement Eldorado de Carajás and another one called Maria da Paz. At first the process represents the model that was adopted systematically by Incra until the middle of the year 2000 with the sub-contracting of their construction work through small companies. These standardized projects which are executed without registration in the system CONFEA/CREA without demand of professional authorship and of technical responsibility of the work. But the process taken place at Maria da Paz s area was configured as one of the first initiatives that stopped with those practices. Consolidated through a partnership among UFRN MST and INCRA/RN, the Architect s technical support and town planner brought new technician-scientific organization and execution of the soil parcels and its habitat. The participation of UFRN was done through a group of studies in land reform and Habitat (GERAH) being this author and coordinator of the methodological proposal, based on the regressive-progressive method and in the inclusion of the conflict as responsible of the ruptures and transductions both done by Henry Léfèbvre and in the research action approached by Carlos Brandão. Therefore it included the process of social learning and collective production of new knowledge and attitudes in relation to the environment in the process called as attended self management in spite of the transformations happened with this new agent s participation. The people re-located to the new areas that got involved in the process and finished their constructions reelaborating the daily practice of the collective effort passed to the self management without technical support. Years later the implantation of those two experiences our research verified that there is a positive image concerning the Architect and town planner, related, most of all to the conception of the activities, orientation and execution of constructions projects and of acceptance of those professionals to the processes of implementation of the Habitats of the Rural establishments. This dissertation analyses this form of performance, from and beyond these images trying to find the professional, specificities or methodological in such a way to demonstrate the importance of its insertion in the formulation and attendance of the more of 100.000 habitats of Rural establishments of the land reform of the country that correspond to most of the housing social interest in the country side

Ribeira, técnica versus natureza: transformações em prol de um projeto de modernização (1860-1932)

The necessity of the insertion of the capital of Rio Grande do Norte in the world-wide commercial scene and its claim as the seat of political power, in ends of nineteenth and beginning of twentieth century, determined the direction of urban interventions undertaken by government to restructure the city. In that matter, there were several actions of improvements and embellishment in Natal, which had, as a starting point, the adequacy works of the port, located in the Ribeira quarter, with the aim of ending the physical isolation that reinforced its economic stagnation. Besides the problems faced in the opening bar of the Potengi River, and would complement the required improvements, other barriers demonstrate the tension established between the physic-geographic field and the man: the flooded and slope which connected Cidade Alta and Ribeira the first two quarters of the city.The execution of these works demanded knowledge whose domain and application it was for engineering. But, how the actions done for the engineers, in sense to transform natural areas into constructed spaces made possible the intentional conformation of the quarter of the Ribeira in a commercial and politician-administrative center, in the middle of the XIX century and beginning of the XX? Understand, therefore, the employment effects of technology on the physical-geographical Ribeira, is the objective of this work that uses theoretical and methodological procedures of Urban Environmental History, by analyzing the relationship between the environment and the man, mediated by knowledge and use of technologies. The documental research was used, as primary sources, the Messages of the Provincial Assembly Government that later became the Legislative Assembly of Rio Grande do Norte reports and articles on specialized publications, in addition to local newspapers. The work is structured in five chapters. First, some comments about Urban Environmental History (Chapter 1) supplemented with analysis of the conceptual construction of nature in the Contemporary Era and its application in the city (chapter 02), the following chapters (03 and 04) deal with the rise of engineers as a active group in the Brazilian government frameworks and their vision about the nature inside the urban environment and it is studied how the professional technicians dealt with the improvement work of the harbor and in the shock with the natural forces. Other works that would complement this "project" of modernization and had had natural obstacles to be removed the Ribeira flood and slope constitute the subject of the fifth chapter. Finally, some final considerations retake the initial discussions aiming an association between the technique and the nature as junction elements inside the process of constitution of a Modern Natal

Henrique Novaes: técnica, território e cidade em uma trajetória profissional: Brasil, primeira metade do século XX

The career of civil engineer Henrique de Novaes, a remarkable figure in the academic, technical and political fields, demonstrates its extensive and relevant work across Brazil in the first half of the twentieth century. It covered from the design of water supply and sewage works, road and rail transport networks, works against drought in the Northeast, hydroelectric and harbor facilities to the urbanization planning and architectural projects, which displays a systematic and multiple production. City and territory conformed to his fields of verification, practical and above all, transformation. The search for understanding of the inclusion of a social actor in this process thus contributes to the specific analysis of the doings of Henrique de Novaes, who graduated at Polytechnic School of Rio de Janeiro in 1906. From a polymorphic activity in different scales, one tries to figure how, through academic education or professional practice, urban history in Brazil can be told or built. The introduction of technological innovations matched the purposes of planning and urban sprawl, as well as met the specifications of regulation and institutionalization of public infrastructure services at the time. The overall plans proposed by the engineer thought of the city as a whole, interconnected to the structural networks. At the same time, the knowledge of a larger physical scale the territory bounces back in the urban in a relationship of reciprocity and completeness. The objective research, therefore, tries to understand the roles played by Henrique de Novaes s works and academic education in the accomplishment of systematic modernization of Brazilian urban space and territory, recovering a little known historical figure by current historiography. It is proposed, as methodological axis, that the study of this professional career configures itself as an essential element for understanding the idea of progress embodied in the technical studies and proposals for improvements and sanitation nationwide in the first half of the twentieth century . The primary sources for the construction of this analysis were technical articles in journals of the period ( Clube de Engenharia , Viação e Revista Brasileira de Engenharia ), and technical reports, government messages, newspaper articles published at the time, autobiographical reports and the engineer s verbal communications with relatives. The work is structured in three chapters: "Biographical traces, academic education and 'technical and political' activities" illustrates the initiation into the technical, public and political environment; Chapter 2, "Technique and territory" outlines his network understanding through sanitation and transport services; Chapter 3 "Technique and City" describes the influence of polytechnics knowledge on the propositions of modernization of cities; Finally, "Final Thoughts: An Evaluation," presents an overview of the affiliations and practice of an engineer in the different scales, and its contribution to the modernization of Brazilian urban and territorial space

Padronização e flexibilidade: proposta de um edifício tipo para uma escola técnica profissionalizante

Nowadays the acquisition of sustainable elements and concepts in construction has been increasingly discussed, improved and incorporated to buildings, since the sector directly interferes in the urban space and environment, representing environmental impact. In order to make a sustainable building (Green Building) it is vital to incorporate less damaging constructive practice, starting from the project until the operation of the enterprise, that means to consider an integrated process of conception, implementation, construction and operation. The more effective sustainable principles participation in architecture happens at the projecting step through minimal environment impact solutions. Among the issues varieties that goes with sustainability proposal of the buildings project, there were added to this work the elements that are directly attached to bioclimatic architecture, more specifically the climate variation, ventilation, lighting and sunlight, that directly affect the project conception. It is important to put in evidence that architecture role goes far beyond the simple activity of building spaces; it is the sequence of political, economic, social and cultural elements, having the users as the main apparatus to its materialization. Thereby this professional dissertation consists of an architecture draft for a professional and technological school in the Rio Grande do Norte State, this dissertation is based on the analysis of previous experience and the bioclimatic principles that implicate in building on hot and dry, hot and humid climates, and the use of strategic solutions that aim the optimization of natural light and ventilation

Estudo da viabilidade técnica para obtenção de superfície duplex em aço inoxidável martensítico AISI 410 através do processo de deposição a plasma por gaiola catódica

The technique of plasma nitriding by the cathode cage mainly stands out for its ability to produce uniform layers, even on parts with complex geometries. In this study, it was investigated the efficiency of this technique for obtaining duplex surface, when used, simultaneously, to nitriding treatment and thin film deposition at temperatures below 500°C. For this, were used samples of AISI 41 0 Martensitic Stainless Steel and performed plasma treatment, combining nitriding and deposition of thin films of Ti and/or TiN in a plasma atmosphere containing N2-H2. It was used a cathodic cage of titanium pure grade II, cylindrical with 70 mm diameter and 34 mm height. Samples were treated at temperature 420ºC for 2 and 12 hours in different working pressures. Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with micro-analysis by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and analysis of Vickers Microhardness were used to investigate coating properties such as homogeneity and surface topography, chemical composition, layer thickness, crystalline phase, roughness and surface microhardness. The results showed there is a direct proportionality between the presence of H2 in plasma atmosphere and the quantity of titanium in surface chemical composition. It was also observed that the plasma treatment at lowpressure is more effective in formation of TiN thin film

Nitretação iônica sem efeito de borda :desenvolvimento e avaliação de uma nova técnica

The ionic nitriding process presents some limitations related with the control of the thickness of the layer and its uniformity. Those limitations that happen during the process, are produced due to edge effects, damage caused by arcing arc and hollow cathode, mainly in pieces with complex geometry and under pressures in excess of 1 mbar. A new technique, denominated ASPN (active screen shapes nitriding) it has been used as alternative, for offering many advantages with respect to dc plasma conventional. The developed system presents a configuration in that the samples treated are surrounded by a large metal screen at high voltage cathodic potencials, (varying between 0 and 1200V) and currents up to 1 A. The sample is placed in floting potential or polarized at relatively lower bias voltages by an auxiliary source. As the plasma is not formed directly in the sample surface but in the metal screen, the mentioned effects are eliminated. This mechanism allows investigate ion of the transfer of nitrogen to the substrate. Optical and electronic microscopy are used to exam morphology and structure at the layer. X-ray difration for phase identification and microhardness to evaluate the efficiency of this process with respect to dc conventional nitriding