Transmissão intergeracional do perfecionismo: o papel do perfecionismo parental e da perceção das expectativas, críticas e estilos parentais, no desenvolvimento de perfecionismo dos filhos

Os objetivos do presente estudo recaem sobre a investigação do papel do perfecionismo parental, bem como da perceção dos filhos sobre as expetativas, críticas e autoritarismo parental na transmissão intergeracional do perfecionismo. Participaram no estudo 156 estudantes universitários de ambos os sexos, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 30 anos de idade, e os seus respetivos pais (pai e mãe). Os instrumentos aplicados aos filhos consistiram num Questionário Sociodemográfico, na Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale de Hewitt e Flett (1991b), na Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale de Frost, Marten, Lahart e Rosenblate (1990) e no Parental Authoritative Questionaire de Buri (1991). Os pais responderam à Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale de Hewitt e Flett (1991b). Os resultados indicaram uma correspondência entre as mesmas dimensões de perfecionismo de pais e filhos, apoiando a premissa de que a transmissão do perfecionismo se realiza por aprendizagem social, através da imitação das tendências perfecionistas dos pais. No entanto, verificou-se ainda correspondência entre dimensões diferentes de perfecionismo de pais e filhos, indicando a possibilidade de existirem outros mecanismos na transmissão intergeracional deste traço de personalidade. Especificamente, os resultados indicaram que as expetativas parentais apresentam um papel importante na transmissão de perfecionismo socialmente prescrito entre mãe e filho e parecem também contribuir para o desenvolvimento de PAO e PSP, mesmo sem que haja necessariamente perfecionismo parental. O estudo permitiu ainda analisar o papel do sexo na transmissão do perfecionismo, podendo constatar-se que tanto o cuidador principal como o cuidador do mesmo sexo contribuem para o desenvolvimento de perfecionismo dos filhos, dependendo das dimensões do perfecionismo que se avaliam, existindo situações em que se verifica o contributo simultâneo de ambos. O significado os resultados é discutido em termos das implicações dos fatores parentais para a transmissão intergeracional do perfecionismo.

Bem-estar psicológico e preocupações de carreira: estudo comparativo entre empregados e desempregados

A transição para a situação de desemprego implica profundas alterações na vida dos indivíduos, atingindo várias dimensões e influenciando a sua identidade profissional e psicológica. Uma evidência das transformações socioeconómicas e da crise financeira é o aumento da taxa de desemprego. Em Portugal, esta taxa atingiu, no segundo trimestre de 2013, os 16,4% (INE, 2013), valor superior em 1,4 pontos percentuais ao do trimestre homólogo de 2012. No presente estudo, foram analisados os níveis do bem-estar psicológico de indivíduos empregados e desempregados, e são consideradas variáveis como a duração do desemprego, as estratégias de procura de emprego e diferentes situações de mudança de carreira. Participaram no estudo 224 indivíduos (42,4% desempregados), de ambos os sexos (65,2% do género feminino e 34,8% do género masculino), com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 56 anos. Foi aplicado um questionário sociodemográfico, onde incluímos o item do Inventário de Preocupações de Carreira (Duarte, 1987), que avalia as atitudes e os projetos associados a uma provável mudança na carreira e a Escala de Bem-Estar Psicológico (Ferreira & Simões, 1999). Os resultados parecem sugerir diferentes níveis de bem-estar psicológico em função da situação do indivíduo face ao emprego e à carreira, assim como correlações entre as preocupações de carreira, as dimensões do Bem-Estar Psicológico e diferentes variáveis individuais e relativas à situação de desemprego, tais como a idade, habilitações académicas, a formação profissional, o tempo de desemprego, e a intensidade de procura de emprego. São discutidas implicações ao nível da intervenção psicológica promotoras de funcionamento psicológico positivo.

An embodied approach to language: the role of bodily feedback in discourse processing

Theories of embodied cognition argue that language processing arises not from amodal symbols that redescribe sensorimotor and affective experiences, but from partial simulations (reenactments) of modality-specific states. Recent findings on processing of words and sentences support such a stance emphasizing that the role of the body in the domain of language comprehension should not be overlooked or dismissed. The present research was conducted to extend prior work in two important ways. First, the role of simulation was tested with connected discourse rather than words or sentences presented in isolation. Second, both “online” and “offline” measures of discourse comprehension were taken. In Experiments 1 and 2 participants’ facial postures were manipulated to show that preparing the body for processing of emotion-congruent information improves discourse comprehension. In Experiment 3 the direction of body posture was manipulated to show that implicit properties of simulations, such as spatial dimension or location, are at least somewhat involved in processing of large language segments such as discourse. Finally, in Experiments 4 and 5 participants’ body movement and body posture were manipulated to show that even understanding of language describing metaphorical actions physically impossible to perform involves constructing a sensorimotor simulation of the described event. The major result was that compatibility between embodiment and language strongly modulated performance effectiveness in experiments on simulation of emotion and metaphorical action. The effect of simulation on comprehension of discourse implying spatial dimension was fragile. These findings support an embodied simulation account of cognition suggesting that sensorimotor and affective states are at least partially implicated in “online” and “offline” discourse comprehension.

Reconhecimento de expressões faciais em análogos clínicos

O reconhecimento de expressões faciais assume um papel importante nas relações interpessoais e no comportamento, sendo um preditor de um desenvolvimento social competente. A literatura tem documentado a existência de défices de precisão na capacidade de interpretar expressões faciais em indivíduos socialmente ansiosos e paranoides. A precisão da interpretação de expressões faciais assume, assim, um papel fundamental, tanto na ansiedade social como na paranoia, uma vez que pode contribuir para a génese e/ou manutenção das mesmas. Este estudo tem como objetivos geral analisar a natureza do reconhecimento de expressões faciais na ansiedade social e na paranoia. Foram recrutados 112 estudantes com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 28 anos. A partir das pontuações obtidas pelos 112 participantes na Escala de Ansiedade e de Evitamento em Situações de Desempenho e de Interação Social ou na Escala Geral de Paranoia, foram selecionados quatro grupos de indivíduos: um grupo com pontuações altas em ansiedade social (GAAS), um grupo com pontuações baixas em ansiedade social (GBAS), um grupo com pontuações altas na escala de paranoia (GAP) e um grupo com pontuações baixas na escala de paranoia (GBP). Os participantes preencheram, também, um questionário de dados sociodemográficos e responderam a quatro escalas que avaliaram a ansiedade social, a paranoia, o medo da avaliação negativa e a depressão. Para além disso, foi utilizado um conjunto de expressões faciais esquemáticas desenvolvidas por Lundqvist e colaboradores (1999) que foram avaliadas, pelos participantes, nas seguintes dimensões do diferencial semântico: valência negativa, atividade e potência. No que diz respeito à ansiedade social, os resultados sugerem que os GBAS apresentam algumas diferenças nas três dimensões do diferencial semântico no reconhecimento de expressões faciais comparativamente os GAAS. Relativamente aos grupos de paranoia, os resultados sugerem que os GAP apresentam algumas diferenças no reconhecimento de expressões faciais, apenas na valência negativa e na atividade, comparativamente com os GBP.

A verbalização da linguagem matemática: números relativos - um estudo de caso no sétimo ano

Dissertação de mestrado, Comunicação Educacional, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais. Universidade do Algarve. Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, 2006

Recreational shore fishing in southern Portugal: biological and socio-economic aspects and perspectives for management

Although overfishing is a concern for many fish stocks, it was for a long time only associated with commercial fishing exploitation, with less or no attention being given to the recreational fisheries. Recent research has shown however that the impact of recreational fishing on particular species can be considerable, and that the recreational harvest needs to be taken into account if fisheries are to be accurately assessed and effectively managed. In Portugal, the first recreational fishing regulations were only recently implemented. However, mirroring other European countries, regulations lacked scientific support, and specific knowledge of the activity was limited to a few studies with limited coverage. This thesis aimed to characterize the biological and socioeconomic aspects of the recreational shore angling activity in southern Portugal, to investigate whether the regulations in place were adequate and effective, and to provide recommendations for improved management and conservation of the inshore fisheries resources. A combined aerial-roving survey was conducted to gather data on fishing effort, catch, fishing trips and socioeconomic aspects (including anglers’ perceptions of regulations) of the recreational angling activity. The analysis of anglers’ catches suggested that compliance with daily bag limits was high, with less than 0.5% of creels exceeding the 10 kg angler-1 day-1 bag limit. Overall, 11.5% of the retained fishes were undersized, but non-compliance with minimum size limits was found to be high for some species (e.g. seabass, 73% undersized). In terms of the impact of recreational shore angling, the total estimated catches corresponded to less than 1% of the commercial landings for the same period (shared species). However, shore angling catches for white sea bream (Diplodus sargus) were found to be considerable, corresponding to 65% of the commercial landings (39.4% of total catch). In terms of anglers’ perceptions about the recreational fishing regulations in Portugal, the present study has shown that the majority of anglers accepted the existence of some kind of SRF regulations, but in general there was a partial or total disagreement with the recreational fishing restrictions recently put in place. Most anglers perceived themselves as not being involved in the decision-making process and claimed that some restrictions lacked a meaningful rationale (e.g. prohibition of fishing from piers/jetties). Fishers’ awareness with regard to specific aspects of the restrictions (such as the rationale for minimum size limits) was found to be very limited. During the same period, catches from sport fishing competitions were examined to test for differences with the recreational activity in terms of catches, and evaluate long term trends in catch and mean size of fish. Catches of the sport fishing competitions were found to be different from those observed for recreational fishing, being dominated by different species (e.g. garfish, mullets), and suggesting different fishing strategies of the the two types of anglers. High percentages of undersized fish were observed to be captured (and retained) during the competitions (in particular seabass, with 100% undersized), probably as a result of a single allowable minimum size (AMS) of 15 cm for all species in use in competitions. Lastly, catch and release fishing experiments were carried out to assess post-release mortality of three recreationally important species: two banded sea bream Diplodus vulgaris; black sea bream Spondyliosoma cantharus; and gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata. Post-release mortalities were found to be low (0-12%). The main predictor of mortality for Sparus aurata was anatomical hooking location, with 63% of the fishes that died being deeply hooked. The results support the release of fish, either from mandatory (e.g. minimum landing sizes) or voluntary practices. In summary, this thesis has demonstrated that the impact of recreational fishing for particular species is significant and needs to be taken into account for more effective management and stock assessment purposes. It has also highlighted several management issues that should be addressed in order to promote more adequate regulations in the future and prevent noncompliance issues. A periodic monitoring of the recreational fishing activity including all fishing modes (i.e. spear fishing, boat, and shore angling) would also be beneficial to ensure a timely knowledge on the global recreational fishing activity and support future management actions.

Effect of high CO2 and ocean acidification on photosynthesis and response to oxidative stress in seagrasses

Climate change scenarios comprise significant modifications of the marine realm, notably ocean acidification and temperature increase, both direct consequences of the rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. These changes are likely to impact marine organisms and ecosystems, namely the valuable seagrass-dominated coastal habitats. The main objective of this thesis was to evaluate the photosynthetic and antioxidant responses of seagrasses to climate change, considering CO2, temperature and light as key drivers of these processes. The methodologies used to determine global antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymatic activity in seagrasses were optimized for the species Cymodocea nodosa and Posidonia oceanica, revealing identical defence mechanisms to those found in terrestrial plants. The detailed analysis and identification of photosynthetic pigments in Halophila ovalis, H.stipulacea, Zostera noltii, Z marina, Z. capricorni, Cymodocea nodosa and Posidonia oceanica, sampled across different climatic zones and depths, also revealed a similarity with terrestrial plants, both in carotenoid composition and in the pigment-based photoprotection mechanisms. Cymodocea nodosa plants from Ria Formosa were submitted to the combined effect of potentially stressful light and temperature ranges and showed considerable physiological tolerance, due to the combination of changes in the antioxidant system, activation of the VAZ cycle and accumulation of leaf soluble sugars, thus preventing the onset of oxidative stress. Cymodocea nodosa plants living in a naturally acidified environment near submarine volcanic vents in Vulcano Island (Italy) showed to be under oxidative stress despite the enhancement of the antioxidant capacity, phenolics concentration and carotenoids. Posidonia oceanica leaves loaded with epiphytes showed a significant increase in oxidative stress, despite the increase of antioxidant responses and the allocation of energetic resources to these protection mechanisms. Globally, the results show that seagrasses are physiologically able to deal with potentially stressful conditions from different origins, being plastic enough to avoid stress in many situations and to actively promote ulterior defence and repair mechanisms when under effective oxidative stress.

Differential regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis by nitric oxide following seizures

The fact that the adult brain is able to produce new neurons or glial cells from neural stem cells (NSC) became one of the most interesting and challenging fields of research in neuroscience. Endogenous adult neurogenesis occurs in two main regions of the brain: the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the dentate gyrus. Brain injury may be accompanied by increased neurogenesis, although neuroinflammation promotes the activation of microglial cells that can be detrimental to the neurogenic process. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the factors released by microglia that can be proneurogenic. The mechanism by which NO promotes the proliferation of NSCs has been intensively studied. However, little is known about the role of NO in migration, survival and differentiation of the newborn cells. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of NO from inflammatory origin in proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival of NSCs from the dentate gyrus in a mouse model of status epilepticus. We also assessed neuroinflammation in the same injury model. Our work showed that NO increased proliferation of the early-born cells after seizures, but is detrimental for their survival. NO also increased migration of neuroblasts. Moreover, NO was important to maintain long-term neuroinflammation. Taken together, these results show that NO may be a good target to promote proliferation and migration of NSCs following seizures, but compromises survival of early-born cells.

Prática desportiva, qualidade de vida, violência escolar, composição e satisfaçação corporal dos adolescentes algarvios

Tese de douoramento, Psicologia, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, 2014

Toxicity risks linked to cyanobacteria blooms in southern Portugal reservoirs

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências e Tecnologias do Ambiente, Escola Superior de Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Vencer desafios: famílias que têm filhos com necessidades educativas especiais

Dissertação de mestrado, Psicologia da Educação, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Study of the association of Gla Rich Protein (GRP) to human blood cells

Dissertação de mestrado, Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Biomedicina, Universidade do Algarve, 2013

Caracterização das águas pluviais da cidade de Faro

Dissertação de mestrado,Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Importância da informação no controlo da Diabetes Mellitus: estudo caso numa farmácia comunitária

Dissertação de mestrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

O aluno, a escola e a sociedade: o papel das ciências físico-químicas do 3º ciclo do ensino básico

Dissertação de mestrado, Ensino no 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário (Física e Química), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015