Art in the inclusion of children with special needs in dentistry

A proposta deste estudo é relatar a utilização da arte e seus segmentos, como recurso para inclusão da criança portadora de necessidades especiais ao ambiente odontológico. Foi utilizado como método a aplicação da arte em atividades de socioterapia e oficinas, divididas em módulos: sessão de socialização, oficinas de arte e atividades complementares, visando à elaboração de uma anamnese cultural por meio de questionários e a obtenção das preferências art��sticas dos 313 participantes, previamente às suas assistências odontológicas no CAOE (Centro de Assistência Odontológica a Portadores de Necessidades Especiais) FOA/Unesp. de acordo com os questionários respondidos, a música e a pintura, segundo a preferência dos participantes, são os segmentos art��sticos que mais auxiliam nas atividades de inclusão e adaptação. Concluímos que a utilização da arte na adaptação e inclusão ambiental do paciente, previamente à assistência odontológica, é favorável e eficaz.

Quantitative analysis of mineral content in enamel using laboratory microtomography and microhardness analysis. - art. no. 631823

This study evaluates laboratory microtomography and microhardness analysis for quantifying the mineral content of bovine enamel. Fifty enamel blocks were submitted individually for 5 days to a pH-cycling model at 37 degrees C and remained in the remineralizing solution for 2 days. The blocks were treated twice daily for 1 min with NaF dentifrices (Placebo, 275, 550, 1,100 mu g F/g and Crest (R)) diluted in deionized water. Surface microhardness changes (%SMH) and mineral loss (Delta Z) were then calculated. Laboratory microtomography was also used to measure total mineral lost (LMM). Pearson's correlation (p < 0.05) was used to determine the relationship between different methods of analysis and dose-response between treatments. Dentifrice fluoride concentration and %SMH and Delta Z were correlated (p < 0.05). There was a positive relationship (p < 0.05) when comparing LMM vs. Delta Z; a negative relationship (p < 0.05) was found for %SMH vs. LMM and %SMH vs. Delta Z. Therefore, both mineral quantification techniques provide adequate precision for studying the bovine enamel-pH-cycling demineralization/remineralization model.

Quantitative analysis of mineral content in enamel using synchrotron microtomography and microhardness analysis. - art. no. 631824

Synchrotron microtomography is a tool to quantify the mineralization of dental tissues as well as microhardness analysis, since they provide adequate precision and contrast sensitivity. This study evaluates synchrotron microtomography and microhardness analysis for quantifying the mineral content of bovine enamel. Fifty enamel blocks were submitted individually for 5 days to a pH-cycling model at 37 degrees C and remained in the remineralizing solution for 2 days. The blocks were treated twice daily for 1 min with NaF dentifrices (Placebo, 275, 550, 1,100 mu g F/g and Crest (R)) diluted in deionized water. Surface microhardness changes (%SMH) and mineral loss (Delta Z) were then calculated. Synchrotron microtomography was also used to measure total mineral lost (SMM). Pearson's correlation (p < 0.05) was used to determine the relationship between different methods of analysis and dose-response between treatments. Dentifrice fluoride concentration and %SMH and Delta Z were correlated (p < 0.05). There was a positive relationship (p < 0.05) when comparing SMM vs. Delta Z; a negative relationship (p < 0.05) was found for %SMH vs. SMM and %SMH vs. Delta Z. Based on the results of this study, it was possible to conclude that synchrotron microtomography provides the best spatial resolution and contrast sensitivity for quantifying mineral gradients.

In vitro surface roughness of different glass ionomer cements indicated for ART restorations

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the surface roughness of three glass ionomer cements (GICs) indicated for ART restorations. Methods: Ten cylindrical specimens of three commercial glass ionomers cements (Vidrion R - S.S. White, Maxxion R - FGM and Vitromolar DFL) were prepared (n=30) without surface finishing or protection. Twenty-four hours after preparation, the surface roughness measurements were obtained as the mean of three readings of the surface of each specimen by profilometry. The roughness values (Ra, μm) were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between Vidrion R (0.18 ± 0.05) and Vitromolar (0.21 ± 0.05), whereas Maxxion R presented significantly higher roughness values than those of the other materials. Conclusions: It may be concluded that characteristics of particle size and composition of the different GICs affected their surface roughness 24 h after preparation.

The gender perspective in economic and labour policies: state of the art in Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

Titanium in Dentistry: Historical development, state of the art and future perspectives

Titanium is a metallic element known by several attractive characteristics, such as biocompatibility, excellent corrosion resistance and high mechanical resistance. It is widely used in Dentistry, with high success rates, providing a favorable biological response when in contact with live tissues. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe the different uses of titanium in Dentistry, reviewing its historical development and discoursing about its state of art and future perspective of its utilization. A search in the MEDLINE/PubMed database was performed using the terms 'titanium', 'dentistry' and 'implants'. The title and abstract of articles were read, and after this first screening 20 articles were selected and their full-texts were downloaded. Additional text books and manual search of reference lists within selected articles were included. Correlated literature showed that titanium is the most used metal in Implantology for manufacturing osseointegrated implants and their systems, with a totally consolidated utilization. Moreover, titanium can be also employed in prosthodontics to obtain frameworks. However, problems related to its machining, casting, welding and ceramic application for dental prosthesis are still limiting its use. In Endodontics, titanium has been used in association to nickel for manufacturing rotatory instruments, providing a higher resistance to deformation. However, although the different possibilities of using titanium in modern Dentistry, its use for prostheses frameworks still needs technological improvements in order to surpass its limitations. © 2012 Indian Prosthodontic Society.

EVOLUTIONARY AESTHETICS AND SEXUAL SELECTION IN THE EVOLUTION OF ROCK ART AESTHETICS

This theoretical proposal applies evolutionary aesthetic, animal signalling and sexual selection to understand our artistic cognition, especially rock art aesthetics. Iconographic motifs, universally found in rock art, indicate which set of pre-artistic aesthetic psychological bias has been co-opted to catch the viewer`s attention. The co-evolutionary process of sexual selection could have shaped the design features of both rock art images and their aesthetic cognition by conferring mutual benefits on both producers, via manipulation, and receivers, via information extraction. We show some strategic techniques identified in rock art and art that indicate the occurrence of this co-evolution between producers and receivers.

Rock Art at the Pleistocene/Holocene Boundary in Eastern South America

Background: Most investigations regarding the First Americans have primarily focused on four themes: when the New World was settled by humans; where they came from; how many migrations or colonization pulses from elsewhere were involved in the process; and what kinds of subsistence patterns and material culture they developed during the first millennia of colonization. Little is known, however, about the symbolic world of the first humans who settled the New World, because artistic manifestations either as rock-art, ornaments, and portable art objects dated to the Pleistocene/Holocene transition are exceedingly rare in the Americas. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we report a pecked anthropomorphic figure engraved in the bedrock of Lapa do Santo, an archaeological site located in Central Brazil. The horizontal projection of the radiocarbon ages obtained at the north profile suggests a minimum age of 9,370640 BP, (cal BP 10,700 to 10,500) for the petroglyph that is further supported by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates from sediment in the same stratigraphic unit, located between two ages from 11.7 +/- 0.8 ka BP to 9.9 +/- 0.7 ka BP. Conclusions: These data allow us to suggest that the anthropomorphic figure is the oldest reliably dated figurative petroglyph ever found in the New World, indicating that cultural variability during the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary in South America was not restricted to stone tools and subsistence, but also encompassed the symbolic dimension.

Tracking the impact of translational research in psychiatry: state of the art and perspectives

Personalized treatments have become a primary goal in translational psychiatric research. They include the identification of neural circuits associated with psychiatric disorders and definition of treatment according to individual characteristics. Many new tools and technologies have been developed but further efforts are required to provide clues on how these scientific advances in psychiatry may be translated into more effective therapeutic approaches. Obstacles to the progress of translational psychiatry also involve numerous scientific, financial, ethical, logistics and regulatory aspects. Also, the goal of DSM-5 to expand “signs and symptoms” classification to incorporate biological measures may help the development of new multifactorial and dimensional models able to better understand the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders and develop improved treatments. Finally, a better understanding on the significant response variability, cognitive functioning, role of comorbidities and treatment-resistant cases are critical for the development of prevention and intervention strategies that are more effective.

The growth of glioblastoma orthotopic xenografts in nude mice is directly correlated with impaired object recognition memory

Cognitive dysfunction is found in patients with brain tumors and there is a need to determine whether it can be replicated in an experimental model. In the present study, the object recognition (OR) paradigm was used to investigate cognitive performance in nude mice, which represent one of the most important animal models available to study human tumors in vivo. Mice with orthotopic xenografts of the human U87MG glioblastoma cell line were trained at 9, 14, and 18days (D9, D14, and D18, respectively) after implantation of 5×10(5) cells. At D9, the mice showed normal behavior when tested 90min or 24h after training and compared to control nude mice. Animals at D14 were still able to discriminate between familiar and novel objects, but exhibited a lower performance than animals at D9. Total impairment in the OR memory was observed when animals were evaluated on D18. These alterations were detected earlier than any other clinical symptoms, which were observed only 22-24days after tumor implantation. There was a significant correlation between the discrimination index (d2) and time after tumor implantation as well as between d2 and tumor volume. These data indicate that the OR task is a robust test to identify early behavior alterations caused by glioblastoma in nude mice. In addition, these results suggest that OR task can be a reliable tool to test the efficacy of new therapies against these tumors.

Ecological tools for assessing rock-art conservation in the Côa Valley Archaeological Park (V.N. Foz Côa, Northeast Portugal)

Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto. EscolaUniversitaria de Enxeñeria Forestal, Universidade de Vigo