Avaliação e manejo domiciliar do edema em membros inferiores

Material utilizado na unidade 2 do módulo 19 (Intercorrências Agudas no Domicílio III), produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA e compõe o Programa Multicêntrico de Qualificação em Atenção Domiciliar a Distância. Aprofunda os conhecimentos a respeito das formas de apresentação dos edemas nos membros inferiores, das consequências que eles podem ocasionar, bem como as estratégias de diagnóstico e manejo com o paciente acometido.

Edemas em membros inferiores: como avaliar

Material utilizado na página 3 da unidade 2, que compõe o módulo 19 (Intercorrências Agudas no Domicílio III), produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA, integrante do Programa Multicêntrico de Qualificação em Atenção Domiciliar a Distância. Apresenta o passo a passo para avaliar pacientes com queixas de edemas nos membros inferiores, utilizando exames físicos.

Órteses para membros inferiores

Este vídeo integra o curso Uso Terapêutico de Tecnologias Assistivas . Discute sobre as órteses utilizadas no tratamento das displasias do desenvolvimento do quadril e os tipos de órteses utilizadas no tratamento.

Próteses para membros inferiores

Este vídeo integra o curso Uso Terapêutico de Tecnologias Assistivas. Discute o conceito de prótese; as causas e princípios de amputação; as características do coto adequado; a avaliação de pessoas com amputação do membro inferior; e as indicações e reabilitação para próteses para membro inferior.

Segunda opinião formativa: como detectar a síndrome de Guillain-Barré?

A Síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB) é uma doença de caráter autoimune que acomete primordialmente a mielina da porção proximal dos nervos periféricos de forma aguda/subaguda e é a maior causa de paralisia flácida generalizada no mundo. A maioria dos pacientes percebe inicialmente a doença através de sensação de parestesias nas extremidades distais dos membros inferiores e, em seguida, superiores.

Capacitação em ressuscitação cardiorrespiratória para membros da comunidade do Retiro no município de Coração de Maria - Bahia

Consideram-se as doenças cardiovasculares a maior causa de mortalidade no Brasil, enfatizando-se o infarto agudo do miocárdio como o líder do ranking das patologias responsáveis pelo óbito de milhares de pessoas todos os anos. A proposta de implantação do plano de intervenção objetiva capacitar membros da comunidade do referido município para prestar assistência à vítima de parada cardíaca. A criação do curso “Suporte Básico de Vida” em 2015, através do embasamento teórico e prático, possibilitou conhecer as manobras de ressuscitação a serem utilizadas na comunidade e profissionais de saúde. Foram utilizados também, recursos áudio visuais, discussão de situações reais e, com o auxílio de monitores, o curso demonstrou ser uma ferramenta de educação em saúde capaz gerar conhecimentos no processo ensino- aprendizagem dos envolvidos.

O impacto das úlceras de membros inferiores na qualidade de vida dos portadores de diabetes mellitus

O diabetes tipo II consiste em uma síndrome metabólica, que afeta grande parcela da população, da origem multifatorial, causadora de inúmeras complicações, principalmente vasculares, em diversos sistemas do corpo. Nesse estudo o foco ocorre nas lesões microvasculares que resultam em ulcerações nos membros inferiores de pacientes diabéticos, observando o impacto na sua qualidade de vida do paciente e na saúde pública. O objetivo consiste em orientar, esclarecer e tratar os pacientes diabéticos, numa situação abrangente, levando em conta aspectos sócio culturais e as medidas possíveis de serem abordadas na Atenção básica, junto da comunidade, buscando reduzir a ocorrência desses eventos, melhorando a qualidade de vida desses doentes, reduzindo o número de internações e amputações.

Proposta de intervenção visando à prevenção de amputação de membros inferiores em portadores de diabetes mellitus no PSF Campo Grande, Delmiro Gouveia - Alagoas

A amputação de membros inferiores é uma das principais consequências do diabetes mellitus e das ulcerações nos pés. Os doentes diabéticos têm um risco 15 vezes maior de serem submetidos às amputações de membros inferiores e essas complicações são evitáveis com um tratamento bem implementado e devidamente acompanhado. O objetivo desse trabalho foi elaborar uma proposta de intervenção visando à prevenção de amputação de membros inferiores em portadores de diabetes mellitus no PSF Campo Grande, em Delmiro Gouveia -Alagoas. A proposta foi desenvolvida com base em estudo da própria área de abrangência da equipe de saúde e em estudo de projetos que já foram realizados e colocados em prática com sucesso. Foram selecionados os nós críticos da área de abrangência da equipe e algumas possíveis soluções para esses entraves que são descritos ao longo do trabalho. A analise dos dados concluiu que com o esforço proposto aqui, os números de amputações caem de forma marcante, trazendo beneficio pessoal, aos pacientes e familiares, e econômico ao país

Molecular diagnosis of Huntington disease in Brazilian patients

Huntington disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance, characterized by choreiform movements and cognitive impairment. Onset of symptoms is around 40 years of age and progression to death occurs in approximately 10 to 15 years from the time of disease onset. HD is associated with an unstable CAG repeat expansion at the 5' and of the IT15 gene. We have genotyped the CAG repeat in the IT15 gene in 44 Brazilian individuals (42 patients and 2 unaffected family members) belonging to 34 unrelated families thought to segregate HD. We found one expanded CAG allele in 32 individuals (76%) belonging to 25 unrelated families. In these HD patients, expanded alleles varied from 43 to 73 CAG units and normal alleles varied from 18 to 26 CAGs. A significant negative correlation between age at onset of symptoms and size of the expanded CAG allele was found (r=0.6; p=0.0001); however, the size of the expanded CAG repeat could explain only about 40% of the variability in age at onset (r2=0.4). In addition, we genotyped 25 unrelated control individuals (total of 50 alleles) and found normal CAG repeats varying from 16 to 33 units. The percentage of heterozigocity of the normal allele in the control population was 88%. In conclusion, our results showed that not all patients with the HD phenotype carried the expansion at the IT15 gene. Furthermore, molecular diagnosis was possible in all individuals, since no alleles of intermediate size were found. Therefore, molecular confirmation of the clinical diagnosis in HD should be sought in all suspected patients, making it possible for adequate genetic counseling.

Semiologia neurológica numa população de escolares da primeira série do ensino fundamental

We evaluated children in the first grade of a elementary school using neurological examination. With no previous knowledgement of their educational performance, were invited all children attending five classes of the first grade of an elementary public school chosen randomly, in Itatiba / Sao Paulo / Brazil, whose parents assigned a Commitment Term for participation in this research. Children who missed three evaluations in different days or whose parents did not assigned the Commitment Term were excluded. The Traditional Neurological Examination (ENT) (Lefevre, 1972) was applied. It was considered for normal the measurement of the skull circumference, proposed by Diament & Rodrigues (1976), and the application of all ENT items. The data were stored in a database of the Epi6 Program (Epidemiologic Information), and analyzed by percentage calculation and by the c2 test. The significance level was 0.05. Children evaluated were 124. The ENT results were normal in 87 (70.16%) and altered in 37 (29.83%). Among the alterations, there were observed: light tremor, light muscular hypotonia, speech acquisition delay, macrocephaly, microcephaly, hyperactivity, cranial nerve syndrome, central facial paralysis. One child presented corticospinal tract impairment syndrome of the distal lower extremities.

Avaliação de técnicas de classificação digital de imagens landsat em diferentes padrões de cobertura da terra em Rondônia

Remotely sensed imagery has been widely used for land use/cover classification thanks to the periodic data acquisition and the widespread use of digital image processing systems offering a wide range of classification algorithms. The aim of this work was to evaluate some of the most commonly used supervised and unsupervised classification algorithms under different landscape patterns found in Rondônia, including (1) areas of mid-size farms, (2) fish-bone settlements and (3) a gradient of forest and Cerrado (Brazilian savannah). Comparison with a reference map based on the kappa statistics resulted in good to superior indicators (best results - K-means: k=0.68; k=0.77; k=0.64 and MaxVer: k=0.71; k=0.89; k=0.70 respectively for three areas mentioned). Results show that choosing a specific algorithm requires to take into account both its capacity to discriminate among various spectral signatures under different landscape patterns as well as a cost/benefit analysis considering the different steps performed by the operator performing a land cover/use map. it is suggested that a more systematic assessment of several options of implementation of a specific project is needed prior to beginning a land use/cover mapping job.

Rigidez do papelão ondulado: comparação entre resultados experimentais e os obtidos por cálculo analítico

Cardboard packing for horticultural products has as main function to protect them. The design of a cardboard packing request the knowledge of the bending stiffens which is depending on the modulus of elasticity. The objective of this work was to calculate the cardboard modulus of elasticity from data obtained in laboratory using physical characterization test, with different methods, and comparing the results with the values obtained experimentally. Ten samples of each cardboard selected for this study were tested in the paper fabrication direction and in its transverse direction. The papers liner and medium resistance to the traction, used to calculate the bending stiffness, was determined in a universal machine test. To obtaining of the bending stiffens the four points test was accomplished. Expressive variations among the methods from which the modulus of elasticity is obtained were observed and that influence the bending stiffness of the structure. The stiffness values obtained experimentally were always greater than the values obtained from analytical method. This difference can be attributed to two factors, the production processes that assurance a larger rigidity than the components separately and the addition of the adhesive layer that is not taken in consideration in the analytic calculations.

Otimização da eficiência de limpeza em equipamento de beneficiamento de tomate de mesa

The post-harvesting cleaning process in fresh market tomatoes production is essential to the consumer acceptance, since the degree of dirtiness of the fruits is directly related to its quality. However, the washing stage of the cleaning process of commercial packinghouse demands an excessive water volume, bringing serious environmental concerns. The objective of this work was to compare the cleaning efficiency in two cleaning systems through the evaluation of different operational conditions of the cleaning process, related with the brush rotation, water flow and fruit standing time under the system. It was compared the conventional system utilized in commercial equipment with a system using commercial sprays. The results showed that the cleaning efficiency was not directly related to the water volume used, but to the water pressure, standing time and brushes rotation. Therefore, the use of commercial sprays can bring benefits to the cleaning efficiency, increasing it up to 13%, and to the environmental, decreasing water consumption.

Lianas da estação ecológica do Noroeste Paulista, São José do Rio Preto/Mirassol, SP, Brasil

Lianas are characteristic, abundant and ecologically important members of tropical forest but they have been neglected in floristics and phytossociological studies. This work presents a floristic survey of the lianas species at Estação Ecológica do Noroeste Paulista (EENP), and a comparison of the list of species recorded in this work with those reported for other fragments of São Paulo state. The EENP (20º48'36'' S and 49º22'50'' W) is at 468 m of altitude and comprises an area of 168,43 ha, divided into three fragments of vegetation. Samples of lianas were collected in the interior and along the edges of the forest fragments. It was identified 105 species: 99 Magnoliopsida (60 genera and 22 families); six Liliopsida (three genera and three families). The richest families in species comprised 59% of the total of lianas sampled. The dendrogram of similarity showed a low similarity between the forest situated in the littoral (Atlantic Forest) and those located in the interior of the state of São Paulo. Some other authors, also analysing the similarity of forest of the interior and Atlantic Forest of São Paulo state, but considering only the trees reported similar result.

Avaliação da qualidade de vida em pacientes idosos um ano após o tratamento cirúrgico de fraturas transtrocanterianas do fêmur

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the impact that trochanteric hip fractures produce on life quality of elderly patients, treated surgically, during one year of monitoring. METHODS: Were selected 73 elderly with transtrochanteric femur fracture, aged equal or over than 65 years and of both sexes. All participants underwent a standardized questionnaire which obtained information on lifestyle habits, functionality, physical activity, ambulation and cognitive state. Were excluded patients who died, not walking, with neurological diseases and pathological fractures. RESULTS: The average age was 80.17 ± 7.2 years and 75% was female. When comparing the summation of activities of daily living (p = 0.04) and instrumental daily living (p = 0.004) obtained before and after fracture, the patients become more dependent after fracture. Activities of daily living that worsened after fracture were bathing (p = 0.04), toileting (p = 0.02) and dressing (p = 0.04). All instrumental activities of daily living showed a significant difference, with functional dependence after fracture, increased need for walking aid (p = 0.00002), aged (p = 0.01) and not doing housework (p = 0.01). The low score on the test Minimental was associated with a greater dependence to perform activities of daily living before (p = 0.00002) and after (p = 0.01) fracture. CONCLUSION: After a year, activities of daily living that depended on the lower limbs worsened significantly, all instrumental activities of daily living were significantly worse in more than 50% of patients and more than half of patients who walked without support lost this ability.