737 resultados para IDA
Resumo:
Au cours de ces dernières années, les techniques d’échantillonnage équilibré ont connu un regain d’intérêt. En effet, ces techniques permettent de reproduire la structure de la population dans des échantillons afin d’améliorer l’efficacité des estimations. La reproduction de cette structure est effectuée par l’introduction des contraintes aux plans de sondage. Encore récemment, des nouvelles procédures d’échantillonnage équilibré ont été proposées. Il s’agit notamment de la méthode du cube présentée par Deville et Tillé (2004) et de l’algorithme réjectif de Fuller (2009). Alors que la première est une méthode exacte de sélection, la seconde est une approche approximative qui admet une certaine tolérance dans la sélection. Alors, après une brève présentation de ces deux méthodes dans le cadre d’un inventaire de pêcheurs, nous comparons à l’aide de simulations Monte Carlo, les plans de sondage produits par ces deux méthodes. Aussi, cela a été l’occasion pour nous de vérifier si ces méthodes modifient les probabilités de sélection des unités.
Resumo:
Los juegos recreativos son actividades netamente lúdicas, practicadas en tiempo libre, en espacios abiertos o cerrados, su principal objetivo es el disfrute de los que lo realizan, tiene varios beneficios como el de liberar malas energías, es anti estrés, y lo primordial promueve la integración entre los que los practican. Después una evaluación observatorio echa a los educandos de la escuela Isaac M. Peña, he visto la necesidad de trabajar mucho en la coordinación sensorio motriz de los alumnos, es por eso que el presente documento es la elaboración de un programa de juegos recreativos para alumnos que están en etapa de formación académica, se ha tomado como referencia a los estudiantes de doce a trece años de edad. Es un proyecto que esta ejecutado en de la siguiente manera: Descripción de varios juegos como: con pelota, de ida y vuelta, de persecución, tradicionales, pre deportivos, todos ellos con el fin de recrear, y desarrollar capacidades motrices básicas. La metodología utilizada y aplicada es conocida por todos los que estamos inmersos en el ámbito de la Cultura Física. Además es importante conocerlas características de desarrollo de los alumnos de la muestra. El desarrollo del programa va teniendo una evaluación constante para la consecución de resultados a fin de valorar el trabajo realizado, esto permite llegar a conclusiones finales del trabajo a su vez las respectivas recomendaciones.
Resumo:
Fragiili X (frax) -oireyhtymä on yleisin kehitysvammaisuuden perinnöllinen syy. Oireyhtymä periytyy X-kromosomissa, ja sen aiheuttaa sytosiini-guaniini-guaniini-emäskolmikon (CGG) monistuminen X-kromosomin Fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) -geenin promoottorialueella. FMR1-alleelit voidaan luokitella (CGG)n-toistojen määrän mukaan neljään ryhmään: normaali (5–44), harmaa alue (45¬¬¬–54), epästabiili esimutaatio (55–200) tai täysmutaatio (yli 200). Esimutaatiotapauksissa toistojakso voi laajentua täysmutaatioksi jo yhden sukupolven aikana. Esimutaation kantajilla on havaittu monenlaisia oireita. Esimerkiksi osalla kantajanaisista on munarauhasen toiminnanhäiriöitä ja erityisesti miehillä on riski sairastua neurologiseen rappeumasairauteen. Täysmutaatiotapauksessa FMR1-promoottorialue metyloituu epänormaalisti ja geeni inaktivoituu. Täysmutaatiota kantavilla miehillä on aina frax-oireyhtymä, kun taas naisilla toisen terveen X-kromosomin suojavaikutus yleensä lieventää oireita sekä täys- että esimutaatiotapauksissa. Oireyhtymän yleisyyden, laajan oirekirjon ja lääkekehityksen edistymisen takia kiinnostus vastasyntyneiden ja kantajien seulontaa kohtaan on kasvanut. Tutkielman kokeellisessa osassa tavoitteena oli pystyttää veritäpläpohjainen automatisoitu DNA-eristysmenetelmä, joka soveltuu frax-oireyhtymän ja sen kantajien testaukseen PerkinElmerin FragilEaseTM-PCR-määrityksen kanssa. Kokonaisuudessaan testaus koostui DNA-eristyksestä, FragilEaseTM-PCR:stä, PCR-tuotteen puhdistuksesta ja monistustuotteiden havainnoinnista kapillaarigeeli-elektroforeesilla. Jokaista vaihetta optimoitiin veritäplätestaukseen sopivaksi. Frax-testaus todistettiin toimivaksi sekä aikuisten että vastasyntyneiden veritäplillä. Halkaisijaltaan 3,2 mm veritäplistä eristettyjen DNA-näytteiden epäpuhtauksista ja alhaisista pitoisuuksista huolimatta FragilEaseTM-PCR:ssä onnistuttiin monistamaan (CGG)n-alueet pienentämällä eristysnäytteiden reaktiotilavuutta ja nostamalla PCR-syklimäärää. Pisin testattu monistusalue oli 200 toistojaksoa. Lisäksi muokkaamalla DNA-eristysvaihetta ja muuttamalla PCR-tuotteen puhdistusmenetelmää onnistuttiin nostamaan lopullista saantoa. Veritäpläpohjaisen frax-testauksen osoitettiin soveltuvan niin vastasyntyneiden kuin kantajien seulontaan.
Resumo:
The Southern Ischia canyon system has been investigated in detail through Multibeam bathymetry and Sparker seismic data and has been put in the geological framework of the deep sea depositional systems off the Campania region. The geological and geomorphological characteristics of the canyon system have been also compared with the characters of the Mediterranean submarine canyons and with the deep sea depositional systems of the Tyrrhenian sea. The Southern Ischia canyon system engraves a narrow continental shelf from Punta Imperatore to Punta San Pancrazio, being limited southwestwards from the relict volcanic edifice of the Ischia Bank. It consists of twenty-two drainage axes, whose planimetric trending has been reconstructed in a sketch morphological map realized through the geological interpretation of Multibeam bathymetry. While the eastern boundary of the canyon system is controlled by extensional tectonics, being limited by a NE-SW trending (anti-Apenninic) normal fault, its western boundary is controlled by volcanism, due to the growth of the Ischia volcanic bank. Submarine gravitational instabilities also acted in relationships to the canyon system, allowing for the individuation of large-scale creeping at the sea bottom and hummocky deposits already interpreted as debris avalanche deposits. Quaternary marine seismic sequences have been reconstructed through a densely spaced seismic grid recorded through a Sparker multitip seismic source, allowing for a detailed observation of steep erosional slopes occurring on the southern flank of the island and related deep sea depositional systems. Important implications of this study will regard the coastal monitoring and beach nourishment of the southern flank of the island, being involved by a strong erosion of marine and coastal systems.
Resumo:
A agricultura é um dos setores que garante a sustentabilidade das economias mundiais e permite combater a pobreza, contudo, para tal, tem que recorrer aos pesticidas, que visam garantir um maior rendimento da produção, protegendo as culturas dos organismos nocivos. A utilização de pesticidas não apresenta só vantagens, sendo a principal desvantagem a presença de resíduos de pesticidas nos alimentos que consumimos, dos quais fazem parte as frutas. Neste contexto, o presente estudo, teve por objetivo contribuir para a realização de uma avaliação qualitativa do risco da exposição ao mancozebe por ingestão de peras, produzidas na região Oeste de Portugal (pera rocha), pela população residente nessa mesma região. O mancozebe é um fungicida que pertence ao grupo dos etilenobisditiocarbomatos (EBD’s) e é um dos pesticidas mais utilizados pelos agricultores, devido a sua baixa toxicidade aguda. No presente estudo foi calculada a Ingestão Diária Máxima Teórica (IDMT) para o mancozebe, os valores da concentração do pesticida na fruta e os dados de consumo alimentar. A caracterização do risco foi feita comparando-se a IDMT com as doses diária aceitáveis (IDA) obtidas para cada categoria de população estudada (crianças em idade pré-escolar, crianças, jovens, adolescentes, adultos e seniores). Para tal, foram analisadas peras provenientes de cinco agricultores que entregam a sua fruta na central frutícola (Ecofrutas, Lda). As análises ao mancozebe foram efetuadas por um laboratório externo (Kudam, Lda.), mensalmente (de Setembro a Fevereiro e em Junho de 2013) nas peras não lavadas e, em Junho, nas peras lavadas. Com o objetivo de caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico, o padrão de consumo e o comportamento do consumidor de pera rocha, realizou-se um questionário, em nove concelhos da região Oeste de Portugal (Bombarral, Cadaval, Alcobaça, Torres Vedras, Nazaré, Caldas da Rainha, Óbidos, Peniche e Lourinhã) tendo sido a amostra de 400. Sobre o perfil sociodemográfico do consumidor habitual de pera rocha verificou-se que são adultos (18,8%), com idades compreendidas entre os 26-54 anos, tem por habilitações literárias o ensino básico (59,2%) encontram-se empregados (60,8%) e o seu agregado familiar é composto por adultos (61,5%). O padrão de consumo é o seguinte: os consumidores habituais do fruto consomem uma pera/dia (66,9%), ao almoço (24,1%) e 64,3% mencionou não possuir nenhum membro do seu agregado familiar que seja consumidor habitual de pera rocha. O estudo do comportamento do consumidor, antes do consumo da pera rocha, evidenciou que os inquiridos conservam as peras na fruteira (61,2%), têm por hábito lavar o fruto antes do consumir (88,8%) com casca (38,8%) e que a maior parte da amostra compra a sua fruta no supermercado (49,1%). No que diz respeito à altura em que a pera rocha é consumida, em maior quantidade, observou-se que é no verão (37,9%), uma vez que é a época da colheita do fruto. Quanto à caracterização do risco efetuada, verificou-se que não existe risco associado ao consumo diário de uma, duas ou três peras, uma vez que a IDMT não ultrapassou a IDA (%IDA> 100) nas categorias de população estudadas (crianças em idade pré-escolar, crianças, jovens, adolescentes, adultos e seniores). No presente estudo, as categorias de população que apresentaram uma maior % IDA, pelo consumo diário de uma ou duas peras foram as crianças em idade pré-escolar e a categoria das crianças, quando estas consomem três peras/dia.
Resumo:
Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Química e Biológica
Resumo:
Human standing posture is inherently unstable. The postural control system (PCS), which maintains standing posture, is composed of the sensory, musculoskeletal, and central nervous systems. Together these systems integrate sensory afferents and generate appropriate motor efferents to adjust posture. The PCS maintains the body center of mass (COM) with respect to the base of support while constantly resisting destabilizing forces from internal and external perturbations. To assess the human PCS, postural sway during quiet standing or in response to external perturbation have frequently been examined descriptively. Minimal work has been done to understand and quantify the robustness of the PCS to perturbations. Further, there have been some previous attempts to assess the dynamical systems aspects of the PCS or time evolutionary properties of postural sway. However those techniques can only provide summary information about the PCS characteristics; they cannot provide specific information about or recreate the actual sway behavior. This dissertation consists of two parts: part I, the development of two novel methods to assess the human PCS and, part II, the application of these methods. In study 1, a systematic method for analyzing the human PCS during perturbed stance was developed. A mild impulsive perturbation that subjects can easily experience in their daily lives was used. A measure of robustness of the PCS, 1/MaxSens that was based on the inverse of the sensitivity of the system, was introduced. 1/MaxSens successfully quantified the reduced robustness to external perturbations due to age-related degradation of the PCS. In study 2, a stochastic model was used to better understand the human PCS in terms of dynamical systems aspect. This methodology also has the advantage over previous methods in that the sway behavior is captured in a model that can be used to recreate the random oscillatory properties of the PCS. The invariant density which describes the long-term stationary behavior of the center of pressure (COP) was computed from a Markov chain model that was applied to postural sway data during quiet stance. In order to validate the Invariant Density Analysis (IDA), we applied the technique to COP data from different age groups. We found that older adults swayed farther from the centroid and in more stochastic and random manner than young adults. In part II, the tools developed in part I were applied to both occupational and clinical situations. In study 3, 1/MaxSens and IDA were applied to a population of firefighters to investigate the effects of air bottle configuration (weight and size) and vision on the postural stability of firefighters. We found that both air bottle weight and loss of vision, but not size of air bottle, significantly decreased balance performance and increased fall risk. In study 4, IDA was applied to data collected on 444 community-dwelling elderly adults from the MOBILIZE Boston Study. Four out of five IDA parameters were able to successfully differentiate recurrent fallers from non-fallers, while only five out of 30 more common descriptive and stochastic COP measures could distinguish the two groups. Fall history and the IDA parameter of entropy were found to be significant risk factors for falls. This research proposed a new measure for the PCS robustness (1/MaxSens) and a new technique for quantifying the dynamical systems aspect of the PCS (IDA). These new PCS analysis techniques provide easy and effective ways to assess the PCS in occupational and clinical environments.
Resumo:
Actas VI Congreso Iberoamericano De Pedagogía(pp.292-298. Disponível em http://ediciones.ucsh.cl/ojs/index.php?journal=congresodepedagogia&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=369.
Resumo:
O cinema, desde o seu início, teve uma constante necessidade de se promover. Os filmes, para além de serem um produto cultural, são também um produto que necessita de rentabilidade, tornando fulcral uma receita adequada de bilhetes vendidos para garantir retorno no dinheiro gasto à produção dos mesmos. Sendo assim, os filmes exibidos em salas de cinema são anunciados semanas ou até meses antes da sua estreia, criando, desta forma, complexas campanhas de marketing e publicidade de forma a garantir que o maior número de pessoas tome conhecimento da sua existência. No presente projeto procura-se conhecer e compreender os fatores determinantes na frequência de ida às salas de cinema, tendo como objetivo principal analisar a promoção de cinema, cada um dos meios de divulgação cinematográficos e o seu respetivo papel comunicativo, na tentativa de se perceber de que forma estes se destacam em modos promocionais, incentivando o consumidor a visionar um filme numa sala de cinema. O estudo desenvolveu-se através de uma análise conceptual teórica da promoção e consumo de cinema, dos seus respetivos meios de divulgação, e da utilização de uma abordagem quantitativa que consistiu na análise e interpretação dos resultados de um questionário que contou com a participação de 380 sujeitos. O questionário procurou compreender os hábitos de obtenção de informação cinematográfica dos inquiridos, bem como os fatores que os influenciam a ver filmes nas salas de cinema e os meios de divulgação que mais impacto causam nas suas preferências. A análise dos dados recolhidos revela que existe uma ligação entre a ida às salas de cinema e a ideia da crescente falta de tempo das pessoas, associada ao reduzido poder de compra. Já no que se refere aos fatores e meios de divulgação determinantes na escolha de filmes, os participantes destacaram a Internet e o “bocaa- boca” como principais influenciadores. Os resultados alcançados sugerem assim tendências que devem ser consideradas na implementação de uma estratégia cuja intenção seja a do aumento da frequência da ida às salas de cinema.
Resumo:
This work is a study in the Local Productive Arrangement of confections from Agreste of Pernambuco, as a relevant sector in economic and social aspect. This research has as central aim to understand how the inter-organizational relations influence the collective efficiency of arrangement. The theoretical framework employed highlights the approaches that deal with the benefits of business agglomeration for the development of firms and regions. It has discussed the approach of small and medium enter prises and industrial districts (SCHMITZ, 1997), which introduce the concept of col lective efficiency, explaining that only those externalities explained by Marshall (1996) are not sufficient to explain the competitive advantage of enterprises, expanding the idea that organizations achieve competitive advantage not acting alone. To examine the influences of relations in the collective efficiency, it has been taken as analytical perspective theory of social networks (GRANOVETTER, 1973, 1985; BURT, 1992; UZZI, 1997) because it has believe that this approach provides subsi dies for a structural analysis of social relationships in face the behavior of human action. By examining the organizations in a social network, you should understand the reason of this establishment of the relationship, their benefits, and as the information flow takes place and density of links between the actors (Powell; SMITH-DOERR, 1994). As for the methods, this study is characterized as a case study, in according to the purposed objectives, in addition to qualitative method. Also, due to recovering of the historical milestones of the arrangement, it is used a sectional approach with longitudinal perspective (VIEIRA, 2004). The primary and secondary data were used in order to understand the evolutionary process of the sector and their inter-actors re lationships in the arrangement for the promotion of development, for both, was used the contend and documentary analysis technique, respectively (DELLAGNELO ; SILVA, 2005). The approach of social networks has permitted understand that social relationships may extend the collective efficiency of the arrangement, and therefore need to develop policies that encourage the legalization of informal companies in arrangement, by showing up themselves representative. Thus, the relations estab lished in LPA of confections from Agreste of Pernambuco need for more effective mechanisms to broaden the collective efficiency. Therefore, this way as take place has directly benefited only a group of companies that are linked in some way the supportive institutions. So we can conclude that the inter-actor relations have limited the collective efficiency of LPA, being stimulated by the institutions in support only to groups of entrepreneurs, even those that produce external relations for all clustered companies
Resumo:
Relatório de Estágio para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ensino de Música
Resumo:
168 p.
Resumo:
The direct use of natural gas makes the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) potentially more competitive with the current energy conversions technologies. The Intermediate Temperature SOFC (IT-SOFC) offer several advantages over the High Temperature SOFC (HT-SOFC), which includes better thermal compatibility among components, fast start with lower energy consumption, manufacture and operation cost reduction. The CeO2 based materials are alternatives to the Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) to application in SOFC, as they have higher ionic conductivity and less ohmic losses comparing to YSZ, and they can operate at lower temperatures (500-800°C). Ceria has been doped with a variety of cations, although, the Gd3+ has the ionic radius closest to the ideal one to form solid solution. These electrolytes based in ceria require special electrodes with a higher performance and chemical and termomechanical compatibility. In this work compounds of gadolinia-doped ceria, Ce1-xGdxO2-δ (x = 0,1; 0,2 and 0,3), used as electrolytes, were synthesized by polymeric precursors method, Pechini, as well as the composite material NiO - Ce0,9Gd0,1O1,95, used as anode, also attained by oxide mixture method, mixturing the powders of the both phases calcinated already. The materials were characterized by X ray diffraction, dilatometry and scanning electronic microscopy. The refinement of the diffraction data indicated that all the Ce1-xGdxO2-δ powders were crystallized in a unique cubic phase with fluorite structure, and the composite synthesized by Pechini method produced smaller crystallite size in comparison with the same material attained by oxide mixture method. All the produced powders had nanometric characteristics. The composite produced by Pechini method has microstructural characteristics that can increase the triple phase boundaries (TPB) in the anode, improving the cell efficiency, as well as reducing the mass transport mechanism effect that provokes anode degradation