História da m��sica ocidental

M��dulo 5

A escola do século XX

A videoaula aborda a educa����o no século XX, apontando os ideias e desafios deste século.

Lugares e pessoas do cinema na Madeira: apontamento para a história do cinema na Madeira de 1897 a 1930

O trabalho que se apresenta surge no ��mbito do Mestrado em ���Arte e Patrim��nio, no Contempor��neo e Actual���. O assunto tratado �� a história do cinema na Madeira, desde o seu aparecimento at�� ao final da d��cada de vinte do século XX. A principal fonte usada foi a imprensa regional, uma vez que existem poucos estudos sobre o tema. Esta foi estudada entre Mar��o de 1895 e Dezembro de 1930. Dada a extens��o temporal estudada e alguns problemas t��cnicos (envio para microfilmagem, de algumas publica����es, em Lisboa), a an��lise n��o foi t��o exaustiva quanto o pretendido. Os jornais foram seleccionados de forma aleat��ria e de acordo com a sua disponibilidade no Arquivo Regional da Madeira. No primeiro cap��tulo faz-se um enquadramento hist��rico do assunto a estudar, onde se caracteriza a ��poca e se analisa os prim��rdios do cinema de forma geral na Europa e em Portugal e, de modo mais espec��fico, na Madeira. O segundo cap��tulo �� relativo �� exibi����o de filmes na Ilha, sendo esta an��lise efectuada para as d��cadas em estudo. O terceiro cap��tulo trata a produ����o cinematogr��fica na Madeira, onde s��o referidos os principais nomes de realizadores e/ou produtores locais e se apresenta uma listagem de filmes realizados e/ou produzidos por madeirenses ou filmados na Regi��o.

Meio ambiente e planejamento: a rela����o cidade-natureza nos Planos Urban��sticos da cidade de Natal no século XX

This research studies the relation between city and nature in the urbanity s plans from Natal RN, Brazil, during the 20th century. Investigates and analyses the main documents that bring environmental s ideas inside from the urbanity s plans of Natal; gives the historical and economical situation from the city in each period studied; features the urbanity s plans, using categories of analyses to comprehension of this instruments. Try to contribute in the bigger process of historical rescue of Natal, and stimulates new studies. It was used documental s research, and bibliographic material. It was identified four (04) kinds of plans: the ones that focus in health and aesthetic (1901, 1929, 1935) technology and science (1968), zoning and control (1974, 1984) and environment. The hints founded shows that environmental ideas were put inside of the plans by government demands, especially in 1994 s plan, almost always without popular contribution and without this population get understands its meanings and implications

Ribeira, t��cnica versus natureza: transforma����es em prol de um projeto de moderniza����o (1860-1932)

The necessity of the insertion of the capital of Rio Grande do Norte in the world-wide commercial scene and its claim as the seat of political power, in ends of nineteenth and beginning of twentieth century, determined the direction of urban interventions undertaken by government to restructure the city. In that matter, there were several actions of improvements and embellishment in Natal, which had, as a starting point, the adequacy works of the port, located in the Ribeira quarter, with the aim of ending the physical isolation that reinforced its economic stagnation. Besides the problems faced in the opening bar of the Potengi River, and would complement the required improvements, other barriers demonstrate the tension established between the physic-geographic field and the man: the flooded and slope which connected Cidade Alta and Ribeira the first two quarters of the city.The execution of these works demanded knowledge whose domain and application it was for engineering. But, how the actions done for the engineers, in sense to transform natural areas into constructed spaces made possible the intentional conformation of the quarter of the Ribeira in a commercial and politician-administrative center, in the middle of the XIX century and beginning of the XX? Understand, therefore, the employment effects of technology on the physical-geographical Ribeira, is the objective of this work that uses theoretical and methodological procedures of Urban Environmental History, by analyzing the relationship between the environment and the man, mediated by knowledge and use of technologies. The documental research was used, as primary sources, the Messages of the Provincial Assembly Government that later became the Legislative Assembly of Rio Grande do Norte reports and articles on specialized publications, in addition to local newspapers. The work is structured in five chapters. First, some comments about Urban Environmental History (Chapter 1) supplemented with analysis of the conceptual construction of nature in the Contemporary Era and its application in the city (chapter 02), the following chapters (03 and 04) deal with the rise of engineers as a active group in the Brazilian government frameworks and their vision about the nature inside the urban environment and it is studied how the professional technicians dealt with the improvement work of the harbor and in the shock with the natural forces. Other works that would complement this "project" of modernization and had had natural obstacles to be removed the Ribeira flood and slope constitute the subject of the fifth chapter. Finally, some final considerations retake the initial discussions aiming an association between the technique and the nature as junction elements inside the process of constitution of a Modern Natal

Henrique Novaes: t��cnica, territ��rio e cidade em uma trajet��ria profissional: Brasil, primeira metade do século XX

The career of civil engineer Henrique de Novaes, a remarkable figure in the academic, technical and political fields, demonstrates its extensive and relevant work across Brazil in the first half of the twentieth century. It covered from the design of water supply and sewage works, road and rail transport networks, works against drought in the Northeast, hydroelectric and harbor facilities to the urbanization planning and architectural projects, which displays a systematic and multiple production. City and territory conformed to his fields of verification, practical and above all, transformation. The search for understanding of the inclusion of a social actor in this process thus contributes to the specific analysis of the doings of Henrique de Novaes, who graduated at Polytechnic School of Rio de Janeiro in 1906. From a polymorphic activity in different scales, one tries to figure how, through academic education or professional practice, urban history in Brazil can be told or built. The introduction of technological innovations matched the purposes of planning and urban sprawl, as well as met the specifications of regulation and institutionalization of public infrastructure services at the time. The overall plans proposed by the engineer thought of the city as a whole, interconnected to the structural networks. At the same time, the knowledge of a larger physical scale the territory bounces back in the urban in a relationship of reciprocity and completeness. The objective research, therefore, tries to understand the roles played by Henrique de Novaes s works and academic education in the accomplishment of systematic modernization of Brazilian urban space and territory, recovering a little known historical figure by current historiography. It is proposed, as methodological axis, that the study of this professional career configures itself as an essential element for understanding the idea of progress embodied in the technical studies and proposals for improvements and sanitation nationwide in the first half of the twentieth century . The primary sources for the construction of this analysis were technical articles in journals of the period ( Clube de Engenharia , Via����o e Revista Brasileira de Engenharia ), and technical reports, government messages, newspaper articles published at the time, autobiographical reports and the engineer s verbal communications with relatives. The work is structured in three chapters: "Biographical traces, academic education and 'technical and political' activities" illustrates the initiation into the technical, public and political environment; Chapter 2, "Technique and territory" outlines his network understanding through sanitation and transport services; Chapter 3 "Technique and City" describes the influence of polytechnics knowledge on the propositions of modernization of cities; Finally, "Final Thoughts: An Evaluation," presents an overview of the affiliations and practice of an engineer in the different scales, and its contribution to the modernization of Brazilian urban and territorial space

Pedagogia da fraternidade ecol��gica e forma����o transdisciplinar para um ensino educativo

La s��paration entre les deux cultures (Snow, 1995) a battu la compr��hension du monde, a influenc�� l'��ducation �� tous les niveaux et a fragment�� les ��tres humains dans leur fa��on de penser et de produire des connaissances. L'accumulation des connaissances h��rit��es d��s la naissance de la science moderne au XVIIe si��cle, n'a pas ��t�� suffisantes pour relever les nouveaux d��fis du monde contemporain (Morin, 2000, 2001, 2002a). Maintenant c est le temps de chercher une nouvelle compr��hension du monde et des nouveaux fa��on de comprendre et r��soudre les ��v��nements et probl��mes de l'��ge moderne. La P��dagogie de la fraternit�� ��cologique "est d��fendue et construite �� partir d'un point de r��f��rence cosmologique nouvelle, bas��e sur le grand r��cit de l'univers, et inspir��s par la vie fraternelle, l'amour, la po��sie et la sagesse de saint Fran��ois d'Assise (Italie , sec. XII-XIII) et l'exp��rience des connaissances traditionnelles et la ��logique du sensible�� (L��vi-Strauss) de Francisco da Silva Lucas, un r��sident de la communaut�� de Areia Branca, sur les rives du lac Piat�� dans la ville de Assu, Rio Grande do Norte. Une ��pist��mologie fond��e sur le grand r��cit de l'Univers rachetera des relations fraternelles entre l'homme et la nature. �� partir de ces r��f��rences j ai elabor�� une nouvelle formation pour les ��ducateurs, ��formation interdisciplinaire pour enseigner de l'��ducation��, dans lequel je d��veloppe ce que j'appelle ��Architecture transdisciplinaire de savoir pour la formation des enseignants, fond�� sur les principes de la complexit�� et de la transdisciplinarit��. Nous comprenons que notre r��le est plus large int��grant l'homme dans l'histoire de l'univers, car le bien de la terre et le bien��tre de la communaut�� humaine sur terre peut ��tre le point que rejoindra l'enseignement de l'avenir

Uma reavalia����o do pensamento l��gico de George Boole �� luz da história da matem��tica

The aim of the present study is to reevaluate the logical thought of the English mathematician George Boole (1815 - 1864). Thus, our research centers on the mathematical analysis of logic in the context of the history of mathematics. In order to do so, we present various biographical considerations about Boole in the light of events that happened in the 19th century and their consequences for mathematical production. We briefly describe Boole's innovations in the areas of differential equations and invariant theory and undertake an analysis of Boole's logic, especially as formulated in the book The Mathematical Analysis of Logic, comparing it not only with the traditional Aristotelian logic, but also with modern symbolic logic. We conclude that Boole, as he intended, expanded logic both in terms of its content and also in terms of its methods and formal elaboration. We further conclude that his purpose was the mathematical modeling of deductive reasoning, which led him to present an innovative formalism for logic and, because the different ways it can be interpreted, a new conception of mathematics

Anayde Beiriz e a escrita de si: (Educa����o, história e rela����es de g��nero)

Le th��me de cette dissertation est l Histoire de l ��ducation de la femme. Une analyse des pratiques culturelles de la professeur Anayde da Costa Beiriz (1905-1930), dans le contexte paraibanais du d��but du XXe si��cle, est propos��e. Le r��f��rentiel th��oricom��thodologique de l Histoire Culturelle est utilis��, pour aller contre l histoire pass��e sous silence dans le canon traditionnel. Bas��e sur le concept de repr��sentation (Chartier, 1990), rompant avec les anciennes id��es de sens intrins��que, absolu, unique, li��e aux pratiques complexes, multiples et diff��renci��es, qui construisent le monde comme repr��sentation. Bas��e aussi sur le concept de configuration (Elias, 1980), en comprenant que apparemment individu et soci��t�� sont deux objets qui existent ind��pendamment, mais en v��rit��, se rapportent �� deux niveaux ins��parables du monde social, sont unis par des liens d interd��pendance. Un dialogue est recherch�� entre le pass�� et le pr��sent et les diff��rentes dimensions: historique, sociale, politique et culturelle v��cues par la professeur Anayde Beiriz. Pour obtenir des informations sur ses pratiques culturelles, une recherche des marques de cette histoire dans de multiples sources est effectu��e: dans la bibliographie disponible parmi les domaines de la litt��rature, de l histoire, d��s sciences sociales et de l ��ducation; dans des archives de l Institut Historique et G��ographique de la Paraiba et de Natal; dans les Biblioth��ques de l Universit�� F��d��rale de la Paraiba et du Rio Grande do Norte et chez des bouquinistes. L inventaire comprend: des p��riodiques, la l��gislation en vigueur, des ��crits de contemporains, d��s t��moignages oraux de parents, des lettres et des photos. On comprend de cette fa��on, que l id��e d ��plucher au travers de cette ��tude, des aspects qui n ont pas encore ��t�� vus et rappel��s, peut non seulement r��pondre �� nos doutes, mais, peut �� partir de la r��flexion qui se fait, se traduire par une nouvelle compr��hension de cette histoire. En conclusion, des significations multiples sont contenues dans le processus d insertion de la femme dans l ��ducation �� partir des ��coles Normales, qui englobent les relations de genre, l histoire du pouvoir, de la morale, de surpassement, des luttes et insatisfactions. On per��oit l h��ritage de r��sistances et de conqu��tes. Cela a ��t�� sous l inspiration des airs de la modernit�� avec la Belle ��poque, en r��percutant dans le monde et aussi dans la Parahyba du Nord, que s est concr��tis��e la formation sociale de la professeur Anayde Beiriz et des femmes de son temps. L analyse de l ��criture de soi confirme le discours normatif du contr��le moral social, le joug et les pr��jug��s soufferts par Anayde Beiriz et l ��ducation diff��renci�� de genre qui ont d��termin�� ses habitudes et coutumes. C est-��dire, pour la femme, la permanence dans l espace priv��, la retenue, l anoblissement des t��ches m��nag��res et de la maternit�� comme sa plus haute aspiration, le support moral de la famille, la pr��servation de la tradition et la perp��tuation des r��gles religieuses

Grupo Escolar Duque de Caxias festas escolares: uma celebra����o de m��ltiplos significados - 1949 1962

El trabajo que aqu�� se presenta tuvo como objetivo investigar una instituci��n escolar en la ciudad de Macau / RN. Esta instituci��n, que fue innovadora en su contexto social y pedag��gico, fue pesquisada a la luz de los par��metros de la historia cultural. Una escuela que fue creada en el siglo XX, en el a��o de 1923, cuando el pa��s a��n viv��a la efervescencia de la implantaci��n del nuevo ordenamiento pol��tico - la Rep��blica. Elegimos como objeto de estudio las fiestas escolares, que tuvo lugar en esta instituci��n durante el periodo 1949-1962, procurando aclarar c��mo ocurr��a la realizaci��n de estas fiestas y c��mo fueron fundamentales para el funcionamiento de las relaciones pol��ticas, sociales y culturales en el ��mbito escolar. El an��lisis y la interpretaci��n de las fuentes documentales escolares, los documentos de otras instituciones, las entrevistas abiertas, la informaci��n oral, la legislaci��n de la educaci��n y de las escuelas, los peri��dicos y documentos oficiales de la ��poca relacionados con la tem��tica y que formaron el corpus documental, se basaron por obras de Souza (1998), Juli�� (2001), Castro (1997), Kossoy (2001) Saviani (2005), Escolano (1992) y Carvalho (1990). Por tratarse de una instituci��n de ense��anza, el an��lisis central es la cultura escolar y la historia de la educaci��n brasile��a es el campo de la investigaci��n, haciendo una relaci��n de las fiestas escolares. En el relato, se reconstituyen las festividades c��vicas, solemnes y recreativas, adem��s de los elementos de formaci��n que se evidencian en el discurso de la educaci��n moderna. Para ello, buscamos entender que, en las pr��cticas cotidianas de la escuela, hab��a un m��todo de actuaci��n que segu��a las directrices del Departamento de Educaci��n. Estas directrices eran dadas por medio de las normas y decretos editados y se adentraban en el discurso en torno de las iniciativas emprendidas para difundir las nuevas pr��cticas pedag��gicas, y dentro de ellas, en el momento apropiado, los profesores dedicaban un tiempo de sus clases para explicar acerca de los d��as festivos y sus organizaciones. Estas constataciones fueron certificadas por la documentaci��n listada y por las entrevistas abiertas, y nos se��al�� para el modelo escolar propugnado por el Grupo Escolar Duque de Caxias, que era fruto del nuevo orden republicano

Cartas oficiais norte-riograndenses dos séculos XVIII, XIX e XX : constitui����o e caracteriza����o de um corpus diacr��nico

The diachronic studies marked the first decades of the 20th century in Brazilian linguistics, passing by an ostracism period after the 50s. Mainly from the 90s especially with the project, created in 1997, Para a história do portugu��s brasileiro (PHPB), which has systemized, in national ambit, the programme related to the area of diachrony the historical studies retake forces and have gradually increased since then. Our work is set in the new scene of Brazilian historical linguistics and it is associated to two research programmes: i) the constitution of a diachronic corpus; ii) the diachrony of text and discourse. As regards the first programme, we made effort to constitute a diachronic corpus of official letters about Rio Grande do Norte, we called cartas oficiais norte-rio-grandenses, written in 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. The chosen for bureaucrat letters occurred for they represent a textual category very productive in historical contexts, mostly 18th and 19th centuries, in which the command of writing was the least and also because they bring, almost always explicitly, the information of where, when, for whom and from whom, as remembers Fonseca (2003). The rules for constituting the corpus were based, although not strictly, on the orientation from PHPB. In respect to the second programme, we set up on the ideas of coserian base came from the studies on discourse traditions (TD) (Koch, 1997; Kabatek, 2006) amongst which that the texts are shaped so as to follow their own tradition (Coseriu, 2007), and we turned to Diplomatics (Belloto, 2002) in order to do the characterization of this corpus by the application of concepts from Diplomatics and TD as well as by the presentation of the structures that form those official letters: their textual genres, a kind of TD, with their macrostructures; and some of their formulaic expressions (microstructures), another sort of TD. This stage of characterizing will pay attention, as far as possible, to the dynamic between tradition and innovation that happen in the actualization of those textual structures along the centuries. This work intends to contribute with the researches connected to Historical Linguistics in Rio Grande do Norte, more specifically the ones related to the constitution of diachronic corpora and to TD; and with the study of official documents, textual category about which there are almost no studies (cf. Silveira, 2007)

A implementa����o do voc�� em cartas pessoais norte-riograndenses do século XX

Considering the theoretical and methodological presuppositions of Variationist Sociolinguistics (cf. WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 2006; LABOV, [1972] 2008), in this dissertation, we describe and analyze the process of variation/change involving the personal pronouns tu and voc��, and its extension in the pronominal paradigm in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), in three sets of personal letters written by people from Rio Grande do Norte (RN) along the 20th century. The discursive universe of those letters is news from the cities in which the informers lived and the themes from their everyday life (trade, jobs, trips, family and politics). Part of the analyzed letters integrate the written by hand minimum corpus of the Projeto de História do Portugu��s Brasileiro no Rio Grande do Norte (PHPB-RN). We are based on previous studies about the pronominal system in BP Menon (1995), Faraco (1996), Lopes e Machado (2005), Rumeu (2008), Lopes (2009), Lopes, Rumeu e Marcotulio (2011), Lopes e Marcotulio (2011) e Martins e Moura (2012) , which register the form voc�� replaces tu from the end of the first half of 20th century and attest the following situation: while (a) the imperative verbal forms, (b) the explicit subjects and (c) prepositional complement pronouns are favorable contexts for voc��, the (d) non imperative verbal forms (with null subject), (e) the non prepositional complement pronoun and (f) the possessive pronoun are contexts of resistance of tu. The results got in this dissertation confirm, partially, the statements defended by the previous studies regarding the favorable contexts for the implementation of voc�� in BP: (i) there are, in the letters from the first two decades of 20th century (1916 to 1925), high frequency of the usage of the form voc�� (98%); (ii) in the personal letters of RN especially in the love letters, in which there are higher recurrence of intimate subjects the discursive universe proved to be itself very relevant in the determination/conditions of the forms of tu; (iii) the unique feminine informer of our sample uses, almost categorically, the forms of tu in letters of the period from 1946 to 1972; (iv) the letters corresponding to the period from 1992 to 1994 present a significant usage of the forms associated to the innovating voc��, letting appear the change is already implemented in the system of BP and there are, in that set of letters, strong evidences that make us state the pronominal forms of non prepositional complement (accusative/ dative) related to tu are also implemented in a system with an almost categorical usage of voc��

Constru����es com t��pico marcado em cartas pessoais brasileiras dos séculos XVIII, XIX E XX

This dissertation is a research on the marked topic construction (CT) in Brazilian personal letters from eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The goal of our research is to verify if CT are present in the writing of Brazilians born in the centuries in question. Our research focus is based on the assumptions of generative theory (CHOMSKY 1981; 1986), which states that grammar is internalized in the mind / brain of the writers, with the emphasis on studies of grammatical change, as pointed texts by Paix��o de Sousa (2004), Carneiro (2005); Galves, Namiuti and Paix��o de Sousa (2006) and Martins (2009). Our corpus was extracted from Projeto Para a História do Portugu��s Brasileiro (PHPB) and Cartas Brasileiras colet��nea de fontes para o estudo do portugu��s. We selected forty-six correspondents who should be inserted into the two criteria set out in this research: to be Brazilian and be born in the centuries mentioned above, so that we could find legitimate topic constructions of PB. This work is based on researches by Pontes (1987), Mateus et al. (2003), Araujo (2006, 2009), Berlinck, Duarte and Oliveira (2009), which actively support us in the study of this linguistic phenomenon in Portuguese. The results show that the marked topic construction in our corpus appear on the writing of Brazilians since the second half of the eighteenth century, while the typical constructions in Brazilian Portuguese locative topic, subject topic and copy topic - are already reflected in the I-language of the writers born in the second half of the nineteenth century and the first of the twentieth century

Natal tamb��m civiliza-se: sociabilidade, lazer e esporte na Belle ��poque Natalense (1900-1930)

Les initiatives du gouvernement ayant pour finalit�� une r��organisation de la structure urbaine de la ville au d��but du XX��me si��cle refl��tent le d��sir v��cu par les membres de l'��lite locale d'encadrer Natal dans les moules des grands centres urbains de la m��me p��riode. Les ��lites d��siraient transformer Natal dans une ville moderne. Dans ce but, le gouvernement s'est engag�� dans la reformulation de quelques espaces physiques de la ville. N��anmoins, il fallait aussi d autres que les transformations urbaines, la ville devrait passer par des r��formes sociales. De cette fa��on, ces groupes ont cr����es des nouvelles institutions et espaces de sociabilit�� qui affirmeraient la capitale de l'��tat comme une ville moderne. Les institutions formelles avaient un r��le imortant dans la construction de cette nouvelle ville convoit��e par l'��lite locale. Ainsi, �� travers celles-ci, se diffusaient des nouvelles pratiques sociales qui seraient refl��t��es dans les espaces urbains. Dans des places tels, des caf��s, des clubs et associations sportives, l'��lite se distinguait du populaire. Dans ces places, leurs pratiques ��taient l��gitim��es, en contrepoint avec les pratiques populaires. C ��tait dans les clubs et par les activit��s pratiqu��es par leurs membres que les id��als de l'��lite circulaient, c ��tait par l�� que l'��lite se formait et se transformait. De cette fa��on, les aspirations d'un groupe social refl��taient dans l'organisation sociale des espaces de la ville