Petrologia e geoquímica das rochas graníticas do maciço do Capão Bonito, SP

The granitic massif Capão Bonito is located in the southwest of the State of São Paulo and is associated with Neoproterozoic evolution of Central Mantiqueira Province. Its rocks outcrop along the edge of the Paraná Basin in a body with elongated shape whose major axis has a general NE-SW, covering an area of approximately 110km2. Occurs in intrusive epimetamorphic rocks of Votuverava Formation, Acungui Group and granitic rocks of the Três Córregos Complex and their placement is related to a brittle tectonics of NE-SW direction shear zones. In metasediments, when preserved from deformational features imposed by mylonitic deformation, preserve up textures and mineralogy of contact metamorphism with development of mineral in albite-epidote and hornblende hornfels facies. The Massif Capão Bonito consists of red syenogranites, holo-leucocratic with biotite and rare hornblende, medium to coarse inequigranulars and isotropic lightly mylonitic and / or cataclastic in marginal regions. Commercially are called Vermelho Capão Bonito and for export as Ruby Red Granite. Rocks belonging to the calcium-alkaline high potassium to shoshonitic series or the series subalkaline potassic and metaluminous to peraluminous character. The magmatism is compatible with granite type A, tardi-orogenic to anorogenic of intraplate environment, from the crust material with lower melting emplacement associated with correlated transtensive structure to shear zones in an extensional environment at the end of collisional event of Orogênese Ribeira. Metamorphism occurred in the region in the greenschist facies, low to medium, generating quartzites, phyllites, schists, and calcium-silicate metabasics

Avaliação convencional e estesiômetro: resultados controversos na avaliação sensitiva no câncer de mama

This study, clinical, prospective, randomized study was conducted from August 2004 to February 2008 in a convenience sample of 60 women who underwent breast surgery with axillary dissection, divided into two groups (n = 30). The GI (Guidance Kit with different textures, to perform at home) and GII (control). The objective was to analyze the effect of home orientation in patients after surgery for breast cancer complaining of numbness, evaluation, and the conventional esthesiometer. The surface sensitivity was assessed by monofilament Semmes-Weinstein and evaluation using conventional two test tubes with hot water (38 to 43o C) and cold (16 to 27o C), paintbrush, needle. The GI was subjected to 10 sessions and assessments in both 3 times. The M1 (pre intervention), the M2 (post-intervention) after 10 sessions of physical therapy intervention and M3 (washout) after 3 months the second time for assessment. The region targeted for evaluation and intervention was the sensory nerve dermatome intercostobrachial. In the test of Goodman (conventional assessment) there was improvement in both groups, the P1, during the thermal evaluation. The t-test of student (esthesiometer) there was improvement in P2 only in GI (p = 0.003) between points 1 and 2 while the time 3 (p = 0.121 and p = 0.733 respectively). It was concluded that there were divergent and opposite results after examining the effect of home orientation in the nerve dermatome intercostobrachial, evaluation, and the conventional esthesiometer.

Degradabilidade do amido de grãos secos e ensilados de híbridos de milho com textura dura e dentada em função do grau de moagem

This research evaluated corn grains with flint and dent texture (ensiled high-moisture or dried), submitted to grinding degrees, using the in situ ruminal degradation technique. Three rumen canulated adult sheeps were used in a complete randomized design, using a factorial outline 2 x 2 x 3, with two corn hybrids (flint and dent texture), two conservation methods (ensiled high-moisture and dry) and three grinding degress (whole, coarsely and finely ground, corresponding to the sieve of 12; 10 and 8 mm). Starch soluble fraction (A) of the dent hybrid ensiled corn grains was greater comparing to the dry materials and in both conservation forms this fraction was reduced in the flint texture hybrid, while the insoluble fraction potentially degradable (B) the opposite occurred. The degradation potential was higher in grains ensiled in two textures. The ensiled allowed more starch effective degradation in relation to dry grain in two textures and the grains dent texture hybrid also increased such degradation in both conservation methods. The dent texture and the ensiled high-moisture grains proved the best option considering the starch degradability. Regardless of the conservation forms, the grains of corn hybrid flint texture should be finely ground, for providing higher ruminal degradation, while for the dent texture hybrid, the coarsely and whole grinding are the most suitable for ensiled and dry grain, respectively.

Análise do descritor de padrões mapeados localmente em multiescala para classificação de textura em imagens digitais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Design do vestuário infantil: as texturas como experiência tátil para crianças deficientes visuais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Segmentação de texturas em imagens digitais utilizando wavelets redundantes

Pós-graduação em Matematica Aplicada e Computacional - FCT

Color texture analysis based on fractal descriptors

Color texture classification is an important step in image segmentation and recognition. The color information is especially important in textures of natural scenes, such as leaves surfaces, terrains models, etc. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on the fractal dimension for color texture analysis. The proposed approach investigates the complexity in R, G and B color channels to characterize a texture sample. We also propose to study all channels in combination, taking into consideration the correlations between them. Both these approaches use the volumetric version of the Bouligand-Minkowski Fractal Dimension method. The results show a advantage of the proposed method over other color texture analysis methods. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Geochemical signatures of metasedimentary rocks of high-pressure granulite facies and their relation with partial melting: Carvalhos Klippe, Southern Brasilia Belt, Brazil

High-grade metasedimentary rocks can preserve geochemical signatures of their sedimentary protolith if significant melt extraction did not occur. Retrograde reaction textures provide the main evidence for trapped melt in the rock fabrics. Carvalhos Klippe rocks in Southern Brasilia Orogen, Brazil, present a typical high-pressure granulite assemblage with evidence of mica breakdown partial melting (Ky + Grt + Kfs +/- Bt +/- Rt). The metamorphic peak temperatures obtained by Zr-in-Rt and ternary feldspar geothermometers are between 850 degrees C and 900 degrees C. The GASP bane peak pressure obtained using grossular rich garnet core is 16 kbar. Retrograde reaction textures in which the garnet crystals are partially to totally replaced by Bt + Qtz +/- Fsp intergrowths are very common in the Carvalhos Klippe rocks. These reactions are interpreted as a result of interactions between residual phases and trapped melt during the retrograde path. In the present study the geochemical signatures of three groups of Carvalhos Klippe metasedimentary rocks are analysed. Despite the high metamorphic grade these three groups show well-defined geochemical features and their REE patterns are similar to average compositions of post-Archean sedimentary rocks (PAAS, NASC). The high-pressure granulite facies Grt-Bt-Pl gneisses with immature arenite (wacke, arkose or lithic-arenite) geochemical signatures present in the Carvalhos Klippe are compared to similar rocks in amphibolite facies from the same tectonic framework (Andrelandia Nappe System). The similar geochemical signatures between Grt-Bt-Pl gneisses metamorphosed in high-pressure granulite facies and Grt-Bt-Pl-Qtz schists from the Andrelandia and Liberdade Nappes, with minimal to absent melting conditions, are suggestive of low rates of melt extraction in these high-grade rocks. The rocks with pelitic compositions most likely had higher melt extraction and even under such circumstances nevertheless tend to show REE patterns similar to average compositions of post-Archean sedimentary rocks (PAAS, NASC). (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

ANNEALING BEHAVIOR OF RAFM ODS-EUROFER STEEL

Oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) ferritic-martensitic steels are candidates for applications in fusion power plants where micro structural long-term stability at temperatures of 650 degrees C to 700 degrees C are required. The microstructural stability of 80% cold-rolled reduced-activation ferritic-martensitic 9% Cr ODS-Eurofer steel was investigated within a wide range of temperatures (300 degrees C to 1350 degrees C). Fine oxide dispersion is very effective to prevent recrystallization in the ferritic phase field. The low recrystallized volume fraction (<0.1) found in samples annealed at 800 degrees C is associated with the nuclei found at prior grain boundaries and around coarse M23C6 particles. The combination of retarding effects such as Zener drag and concurrent recovery decrease the local stored energy and impede further growth of the recrystallization nuclei. Above 90 degrees C, martensitic transformation takes place with consequent coarsening. Significant changes in crystallographic texture are also reported.

The growth of large mafic intrusions: Comparing Niquelandia and Ivrea igneous complexes

The Niquelandia Complex, Brazil, is one of the world's largest mafic-ultramafic plutonic complexes. Like the Mafic Complex of the Ivrea-Verbano Zone, it is affected by a pervasive high-T foliation and shows hypersolidus deformation structures, contains significant inclusions of country-rock paragneiss, and is subdivided into a Lower and an Upper Complex. In this paper, we present new SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages that provide compelling evidence that the Upper and the Lower Niquelandia Complexes formed during the same igneous event at ca. 790 Ma. Coexistence of syn-magmatic and high-T subsolidus deformation structures indicates that both complexes grew incrementally as large crystal mush bodies which were continuously stretched while fed by pulses of fresh magma. Syn-magmatic recrystallization during this deformation resulted in textures and structures which, although appearing metamorphic, are not ascribable to post-magmatic metamorphic event(s), but are instead characteristic of the growth process in huge and deep mafic intrusions such as both the Niquelandia and Ivrea Complexes. Melting of incorporated country-rock paragneiss continued producing hybrid rocks during the last, vanishing stages of magmatic crystallization. This resulted in the formation of minor, late-stage hybrid rocks, whose presence obscures the record of the main processes of interaction between mantle magmas and crustal components, which may be active at the peak of the igneous events and lead to the generation of eruptible hybrid magmas. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Texture analysis of cold rolled and annealed aluminum alloy produced by twin-roll casting

A 7.4 mm thick strip of 3003 aluminum alloy produced by the industrial twin-roll casting (TRC) process was homogenized at 500 °C for 12 hours, after which it was cold rolled in two conditions: 1) to reduce the strip's thickness by 67%, and 2) to reduce it by 91%. The alloy was annealed at 400 °C for 1 hour in both conditions. The results revealed that a rotated cube texture, the {001}<110> component, predominated in the as-cast condition and was transformed into brass, copper and S type textures during the cold rolling process. There was practically no difference between the deformation textures at the two thickness reductions.

Classification of polymers insulators hydrophobicity basead on digital image processing

Although the hydrophobicity is usually an arduous parameter to be determined in the field, it has been pointed out as a good option to monitor aging of polymeric outdoor insulators. Concerning this purpose, digital image processing of photos taken from wet insulators has been the main technique nowadays. However, important challenges on this technique still remain to be overcome, such as; images from non-controlled illumination conditions can interfere on analyses and no existence of standard surfaces with different levels of hydrophobicity. In this paper, the photo image samples were digitally filtered to reduce the illumination influence, and hydrophobic surface samples were prepared from wetting silicon surfaces with solution of water-alcohol. Furthermore norevious studies triying to quantify and relate these properties in a mathematical function were found, that could be used in the field by the electrical companies. Based on such considerations, high quality images of countless hydrophobic surfaces were obtained and three different image processing methodologies, the fractal dimension and two Haralick textures descriptors, entropy and homogeneity, associated with several digital filters, were compared. The entropy parameter Haralick's descriptors filtered with the White Top-Hat filter presented the best result to classify the hydrophobicity.

Dynamic texture segmentation based on deterministic partially self-avoiding walks

Recently there has been a considerable interest in dynamic textures due to the explosive growth of multimedia databases. In addition, dynamic texture appears in a wide range of videos, which makes it very important in applications concerning to model physical phenomena. Thus, dynamic textures have emerged as a new field of investigation that extends the static or spatial textures to the spatio-temporal domain. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for dynamic texture segmentation based on automata theory and k-means algorithm. In this approach, a feature vector is extracted for each pixel by applying deterministic partially self-avoiding walks on three orthogonal planes of the video. Then, these feature vectors are clustered by the well-known k-means algorithm. Although the k-means algorithm has shown interesting results, it only ensures its convergence to a local minimum, which affects the final result of segmentation. In order to overcome this drawback, we compare six methods of initialization of the k-means. The experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed approach compared to the state-of-the-art segmentation methods.

Dynamic texture analysis and segmentation using deterministic partially self-avoiding walks

Dynamic texture is a recent field of investigation that has received growing attention from computer vision community in the last years. These patterns are moving texture in which the concept of selfsimilarity for static textures is extended to the spatiotemporal domain. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for dynamic texture representation, that can be used for both texture analysis and segmentation. In this method, deterministic partially self-avoiding walks are performed in three orthogonal planes of the video in order to combine appearance and motion features. We validate our method on three applications of dynamic texture that present interesting challenges: recognition, clustering and segmentation. Experimental results on these applications indicate that the proposed method improves the dynamic texture representation compared to the state of the art.

Rock of ages

[EN] Granite is emplaced deep in the Earth's crust. It cools and crystallises and is subjected to thermal and magmatic events, and to recurrent stresses. It develops textures or fabrics as well as strain patterns which, as erosion brings the rock mass near the surface, find expression in various fracture sets and systems.