826 resultados para Finanças públicas : Rio Grande do Sul


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O presente trabalho pretende analisar as características do microcrédito via Programa Gaúcho de Microcrédito, dentro do Município de Rio Grande e no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no período de 2012 a 2014, desta forma pode-se identificar o quanto o microcrédito no município de Rio Grande contribuiu para os números obtidos em âmbito Estadual. O trabalho apresenta um referencial teórico, justamente com a definição de microcrédito, seus principais registros no mundo, na América Latina e no Brasil. Este trabalho tem como método uma análise descritiva com base nos dados obtidos pelo Banco do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e da Juriti Microfinanças, responsáveis respectivamente pelas informações do microcrédito via Programa Gaúcho de Microcrédito no Estado e no Município. O microcrédito, via PGM no RS, apresentou seu ápice no ano de 2013, com o volume total de 184 milhões de reais. No mesmo ano apresentou seu melhor resultado no município, totalizando o volume de 313 milhões de reais. O montante total no Rio Grande do Sul, sem o Município, foi de 467 milhões de reais. Em Rio Grande, no período da pesquisa, obteve-se o volume total de microcrédito no valor de 787 mil reais, o que corresponde a 0,17% quando comparado com o volume total obtido dentro do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

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A transformação da tecnologia, tanto na área da informática quanto em telecomunicações, facilitou o acesso a informação, bem como, reduziu os seus custos de acesso. Isso fez com que as redes de relações entre os agentes econômicos adquirissem maior agilidade e alcance geográfico, estreitando a interação ente o local e o global. Desta forma, a organização na busca da inserção no mercado internacional voltou-se para um processo regional, no qual o conceito de cluster passa a ser uma ferramenta hábil para responder distintas indagações. Esses questionamentos surgem desde o ciclo dos negócios e da administração das firmas, até a utilização de recursos como espaço, mão-de-obra, insumos e principalmente da disseminação do conhecimento. Inerte neste novo ambiente criado pelo avanço tecnológico, as aglomerações industriais servem como facilitadoras na criação de inovações que apresentam-se como externalidades positivas, na geração do desenvolvimento econômico regional. Tanto que, chegam a incitar a participação, em determinadas situações, bastante ativa dos governos no intuito de promover e sustentar o industrial clustering. Portanto, o tema central deste trabalho será clusters, e o seu papel determinante na obtenção de vantagens competitivas na indústria e sua relação com o desenvolvimento regional. Dentro deste intuito, também apresenta-se-á, no Capítulo 5, a análise do cluster de calçados do Vale dos Sinos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, através do método estrutural diferencial, com dados fornecidos pela Relação Anual de Informações Sociais – RAIS, no período de 1990 até 2001.

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Foi no “Alto da Bronze”, praça Gal. Osório, na década de vinte do século passado, que Porto Alegre, uma das capitais brasileiras pioneiras na instituição do lazer e da recreação pública, que iniciava a história neste setor, através da criação dos “jardins de recreio” nas praças da cidade. Na subida da Rua Duque de Caxias, bairro centro, espaço onde a garotada se reunia para o futebol, se instalou, em novembro 1926, o primeiro Jardim de Recreio. Nestes jardins as atrações eram diversificadas proporcionando que crianças, jovens e adultos pudessem lá se divertir. A idealização e efetivação deste projeto foi do Professor Frederico Guilherme Gaelzer, que conseguiu sensibilizar o poder público, durante o governo do Intendente Dr. Octavio Rocha, sobre a importância da recreação e do esporte para mocidade, como prevenção da delinqüência e um meio de qualificar a sociedade. Pesquisando a Recreação Pública de Porto Alegre, através de um resgate histórico, que privilegia a relação da cidade com o contexto sociocultural do início do século XX, reconstruo, preservo e divulgo fragmentos desta história Para compreender como as relações de lazer se desenvolveram ao longo destes anos, de trabalho institucional, estabeleci diálogos entre as fontes primárias e secundárias que elegi para analisar. A centralidade desta pesquisa está relacionada à institucionalização da Recreação Pública da cidade de Porto Alegre, a partir de um recorte temporal que inicia em 1926, quando ocorre a instalação do 1º Jardim de Recreio, até 1950, momento em que se dá a promulgação da Lei 500, no governo do prefeito, Dr. Ildo Meneghetti, que cria o Serviço de Recreação Pública, fortalecendo assim, a sua institucionalização, e dando o caráter legal ao trabalho até então realizado.

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Este estudo visou basicamente traçar o perfil do com portamento das despesas de municípios gaúchos, no período de 1970 a 1975. Buscou-se orientação teórica na análise estrutural , com emprego de coeficientes médios de despesa por categoria ec~ nômica e por função de governo. Esta perspectiva teórica levou à percepção de que coeficientes médios significativos só podem ser elaborados para populaçõesde indivíduos (estruturas) que apresentem um suficiente grau de homogeneidade. Para reduzir a conhecida heterogeneidade dos municípios a um grau que possibilitasse a elaboração de coeficientes significativos, os municípios gaúchos, com exclusão dos oito mais desenvolvidos e mais atípicos, foram classificados em três estratos de nível de desenvolvimento sócio-econômico, de acordo com uma escala elaborada com onze variáveis, que apresentaram ~ levado grau de consistência interna, comprovada por estudos anteriores. Destes três estratos escolheram-se dois para estudo. O primeiro, englobando municípios com grau mais elevado de desenvolvimento sócio-econômico, e o terceiro constituído municípios menos desenvolvidos. pelos De uma amostra de cada estrato foram calculados coeficientes médios de despesa por função e por categoria econômica em relação à despesa total. Pela interpretação de tais coeficientes e de suas variações chegou-se ao conhecimento de múltiplos aspectos de comportamento da despesa nos municípios gaúchos. As séries anuais de despesas nas principais funções de governo apresentaram elevada estabilidade, o que leva a crer que são determinadas por variáveis estruturais de natureza so - cio-econômica e não tanto por variáveis conjunturais ou fortuítas, como o arbítrio dos administradores. Por isto, os coefi - cientes estáveis foram considerados como significativos para a avaliação e para o planejamento, mesmo a curto prazo. As três funções prioritárias na destinação de recursos sao, pela ordem: Serviços Urbanos, Viação, Transportes e Comunicaçoes e Educação e Cultura. Isto nos municípios de malor grau de desenvolvimento, que nelas aplicaram, em média, durante o período, cerca de 60% de seus recursos. NOS municípios menos desenvolvidos a ordem muda para viaçào-Transportes e Comunicações, Educação e Cultura e Servi - ~os Urbanos, com a aplicação média, no período, do expressivo' valor de 70% do total de seus recursos. Os municípios menos desenvolvidos apllcaram, no pe - ríodo, cerca de 38% de seus recursos em despesas de capital, en quanto os mais desenvolvidos aplicaram apenas 29%. A medida que se desenvolvem, os municiploS passam a dlverslf1car sua despesa, aplicando recursos em funçoes que não os recebiam e destinando percentuais maiores dos mesmos recur - sos a funçôes como Governo e Administração Geral, Administração Financeira, Recursos Naturais e percentuais menores em outras , como Viação e Transportes e Educação e Cultura. Os resultados alcançados, no presente estudo, pare - cem demonstrar a validade da metodologia de se agrupar os munlcipios em estratos, em função de seu grau de desenvolvimento s§ cio-econômico, para se definir e avaliar diretrizes de sua admi nistração.

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It analyzes the magnitude, the nature and the direction of public revenues and the public expenses in oil and natural gas producing municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Norte in the post-constituent period, and, more precisely, from the approval of Law 9.478/97, called Oil Law . It argues the fiscal federalism normative theory, the typology and the role of the intergovernamental transferences in the performance of the public finances of the local governments. Shows that the economy of Rio Grande do Norte went through deep social-economic changes in the last few decades, among which includes the discovery of the oil and the natural gas and its importance for the growth of the industrial and services sectors. It points out that the increase of the production and the international price of the oil contributed for the growth in revenues of royalties and the special participation in the beneficiary cities, what did not mean an automatic increase in the resources destined to the investment and in the quality on the provision of the goods and services come back toward the local development. On the contrary, the main conclusion of the work is that the trajectory of the oil producing municipalities is marked by paths and embezzlements in the performance of the public finances and in the provision of public goods and services. Paths, that lead to the improvement of the performance of the public finances and the quality of the public goods and services. Embezzlements, that lead to the inefficiency in the provision of goods and services and the capture of the public resources. That is, the fiscal decentralization is a necessary condition, however not enough to improve the amount and the quality of the public goods and services given by these municipalities. For that it is necessary to advance in the fiscal federalism normative theories, in search of optimum model of federalism in local governments where still predominated by patrimonialism, clientelism, fiscal illusion and the capture of the public resources in benefit of the private interests

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The Brazilian tax structure has specific characteristics and the performance level of government. The autonomy given to municipalities to manage their activities after the 1988 Constitution, made them highly dependent on intergovernmental transfers of resources, revealing the fragility of the administrative capacity of these entities. The vertical gap revealed by the constitutional structure of the Brazilian fiscal federalism model contributes to the formation of this specific feature that you are eroding the tax base and the ability of municipal own revenues. Although there was a better regulation of these transfers after the enactment of the Fiscal Responsibility Law, it is observed that the amount of resources transferred to the municipalities of Rio Grande do Norte is very high and is the main source of revenue of municipalities. In light of the theory of federalism and fiscal decentralization, in particular, the theories related to intergovernmental transfers, we seek to diagnose the transfers from the systematization of information on the origin, destination and value. We used the econometric model of System Dynamic Panel GMM in making the diagnosis and verification of the impact of transfers on public finances of the municipalities of the newborn, associated with a review in light of the theory of fiscal federalism and intergovernmental transfers. The paper presents some proposals for the transfer system and the composition of spending in order to contribute to greater tax efficiency

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O objetivo desta pesquisa acadêmica é o de compreender os aspectos que envolvem os gastos com educação dos municípios que compõe a região metropolitana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro no período de 2004 a 2008, através do estudo da sua aplicação e dos aspectos que envolvem a sociedade. Apesar do acesso às informações financeiras dos entes governamentais serem disponibilizada mediante a atuação das finanças públicas, dando cumprimento às diferentes normas legais, a necessidade de tornar transparente o patrimônio público insere a um percepção por uma demanda por modelos de indicadores que evidenciem o controle dos gastos públicos. Desta forma, pretende-se entender as relações e características que envolvem tais informações e aguça a atenção em melhor conhecê-las. A análise de diferenciados aspectos governamentais, legais e socioambiental que afetam os gastos públicos em educação dos municípios que ocupam a região metropolitana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, impondo aos entes governamentais algumas das responsabilidades que são compartilhadas pela população, legisladores e administradores. O conhecimento dos padrões de comportamento dos envolvidos nesta relação traz esclarecimentos úteis, como fundamentais, para o planejamento e o controle a curto e longo prazo. Ao desenvolver a pesquisa bibliográfica, esta requereu uma revisão das obras literárias e nas experiências e vivências nelas contidas para satisfazer a curiosidade crítica que propelia a pesquisa. A discussão precedente das análises efetuadas neste estudo mostrou a ampla possibilidade em ressaltar-se que compreender e acompanhar os gastos públicos em educação e a elaboração de indicadores de percepção dos gastos públicos representa papel de suma importância ao exercício democrático de fiscalização do poder público pela sociedade.

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The public management reform in Brazil, since 1995, provoked new experiences in public administration. Among the new models of public service the one-stop shopping has distinguished and was adopted at Rio Grande do Norte with the Citizens Center Program. The one-stop shopping assembles in the same place many public services with appropriate structure, enabled human resources and citizens focus processes. The goal of this research was understand how citizens focus processes help to explain Citizens Center Program s longevity. It was made a case study and the research tools were applied with Citizen Center Programs workers and citizen-users at South Unit of Citizen Center Program placed at Via Direta Mall, Natal. The major contributions for Citizen Center Program s longevity were imputed to Basic Operation Processes. The most spoken features in Citizen Center Program mentioned were quality, efficiency, celerity e personal appearance, what demonstrate concern and care with citizen-users. Worker s personal appearance, accommodation, celerity, politeness and attending capacity planning were high evaluated by citizen-users revealing the wisely choice of use a large quality concept and citizenship concept in public administration. Citizen-users also pointed the necessity of refine and enlarge the communication ways that form an essential mechanism to public citizen focus administration. Not ignoring the policy aspect citizen focus processes were noticed like especial management actions that make easier citizen s activities and public service access, what generate satisfaction to citizen-users. It s possible to conclude that the high level approving evaluation of Citizen Center Program consolidates it an especial public policy that serves citizen s necessities e create appropriate legitimacy conditions of the public policy making harder the choice of ending the policy even in more fragile moments strongly contributing for its longevity

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Guaraíras lagoon, located in Tibau do Sul in the eastern littoral of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil), presents a permanent connection to the sea, which guarantees the occurrence of a rich biodiversity, which includes the autochthonous shrimp species Litopenaeus schmitti, Farfantepenaeus subtilis and Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis. In spite of being subject to a strong human intervention in the last decade, mainly related to the installation of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farms, the lagoon is still scarcely studied. The present study aims at characterizing the populations of the three autochthonous penaeid shrimp species inhabiting Guaraíras, taking into consideration their abundance and seasonal distribution in the inflow channel of Primar System of Organic Aquaculture (Tibau do Sul, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil). Twelve monthly samples were carried out from May 2005 to April 2006 with the aid of a circular cast net in the inflow channel, which is daily supplied with water from Guaraíras. Sampling months were grouped in trimesters according to the total pluviosity, thus comprising four trimesters. Water salinity was monitored twice a week and temperature values registered on a daily basis at noon, during the study period. The daily pluviosity data from the municipality of Tibau do Sul were supplied by Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Rio Grande do Norte (EMPARN). Collected shrimp were identified, weighted, measured and sexed. L. schmitti specimens (0.2 g to 17.8 g) were distributed in 1.3 g weight classes intervals. From the eighth sampling month (December 2005) onwards, males were classified into three categories, in accordance with the development of their petasm: (a) rudimentary petasm, (b) partially formed petasm, and (c) completely formed petasm. Among the ecological variables, rainfall showed the greatest dispersion (s.d.=187.74Rainfall and abundance of L. schmitti were negatively correlated (r = -0.85) whereas its abundance and water salinity were positively correlated (r = 0.63). Among 1,144 collected individuals, 1,127 were L. schmitti, 13 were F. subtilis and 4 were F. brasiliensis, which corresponded to 98.51%, 1.14% and 0.35% of the total of collected individuals. L. schmitti occurred in 100 % of all samples. Differently, the presence of F. subtilis and F. brasiliensis was restricted to 33% and 17% of the collected samples, respectively. The present study confirmed the occurrence of L. schmitti, F. brasiliensis and F. subtilis in Guaraíras. However, this lagoon seems to be primarily inhabited by juvenile Litopenaeus schmitti. The population of L. schmitti analysed showed a seasonal pattern of distribution. In general, in the months of high salinity and absence of rain, the number of individuals was higher than in the wet months. Further studies on the reproductive biology and ecology of L. schmitti, F. brasiliensis and F. subtilis may elucidate questions referring to the abundance, period, and phase of occurrence of these shrimp genera in Guaraíras. Finally, the risks associated to the establishment of L. vannamei in the lagoon provide a novel outlet for studies in this biotope

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Female hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting along the southeastcoastline of Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil (6º13'40"S, 35º03'05"W) were captured and weighed during the four months from January to April 2007, in the course of the annual egglaying season, which extended from 06 rd November 2006 to 30 rd May 2007. In all, 99 weight measurements were performed. On first contact the females exhibited an average post-oviposition weight of 79.1 kg (range 56.2-98.9 kg, SD = 10.9 kg, n = 44 females). Those individuals which were subsequently recaptured showed a mean weight loss of 1.7 kg (range 0.7-4.5 kg, SD = 1.0 kg, n = 39 sets of measurements on 20 females) in the interval between two consecutive post-ovipositions, separated by a maximum time interval of 17 days. In the cases where the female aborted the nesting process, the pre-oviposition weight was measured. The clutch weight, that is to say, the weight loss between consecutive pre-oviposition and post-oviposition measurements (separated by a maximum time interval of 3 days), was found to be 5.2 kg (range 4.3-6.0 kg, SD = 0.9 kg, n = 6 sets of measurements). This value is significantly higher (t-test, p<0.001) than the loss between two consecutive post-oviposition measurements with the same female. The mean recovery in body weight, that is to say, the average gain in weight between successive post-oviposition and pre-oviposition captures of the same individual (separated by a time interval of 12 to 17 days), was found to be 3.0 kg (range 1.9-4.3 kg, SD = 1.0 kg, n = 4 sets of measurements) Although the small sample size makes it unwise to generalise, the recovery in body weight was found to be always significantly lower (t-test, p<0.005) than the clutch weight. This fact is in agreement with the observed weight loss tendency throughout the breeding season for this species. Considering the clutch weight and the internidal recovery in body weight we found that the total weight loss of the adult hawksbill females after three to five nesting events varied from 10.4% (range 8.7-11.9%, SD = 1.6%, n = 3) to 14.1% (range 11.8-15.4%, SD = 1.3%, n = 6) in relation to their initial pre-oviposition weight. If there were no body weight recovery during the internesting interval we estimate that a female that nests three to five times in the course of the season would lose from 19% to 31% of its initial weight. We emphasise that our clutch weight estimate was performed by weighing the females and not by multiplying the number of eggs in the nest by their average unit weight. In this way, our measurements take into account the loss of liquid during the oviposition. Despite the unequivocal evidence of body weight recovery during the internidal interval, it is not clear if the cause of this process is rehydration or feeding

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The research DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC POLICY: AN EVALUATION OF PRONAF IN THE SETTLEMENTS AGRARIAN REFORM OF RIO GRANDE DO NORTE aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the National Program for Strengthening Family enhancerelement od development in rural settlements od Rio Grande do Norte. The methodological approach consisted of the completion of desk research and literature on development issues, policies, and rural credit and field research through semi- structured interviews with managers and technicians who work with the program and conducting focus with farmers settles who accessed the PRONAF the period from 2000 to 2006. The survey results confirm the central hypothesis of this work, that acces to PRONAF A is not causing efetivations relevant in the lives of farm workers settlers in Rio Grande do Norte. In the setllements where efetivations these occur, they are short of what the program intends to carry out and rely on a set of conditionalities that are beyond the operational frameworks of the same. Such questions point to the need to revise the program in order to estabilish adjustments that in practice the approach of the proposed objectives. For this purpose it is necessary to invest in factor that contribute to the program has a positive effect not only to increase income, but to contribute to the autonomy of the resettled farmers, expanding its capabilities and increased the power of choise with respect to life who wish to take

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In the Brazilian legal scenario, the study of taxation has traditionally been restricted to positivist analysis, concerned with investigating the formal aspects of the tax legal rule. Despite its relevance to the formation of the national doctrine of tax, such formalist tradition limits the discipline, separating it from reality and the socioeconomic context in which the Tax Law is inserted. Thus, the proposal of the dissertation is to examine the fundamentals and nature of taxation and tax legal rules from the perspective of Law and Economics (Economic Analysis of Law). For this purpose, the work initially reconnects the Tax Law and Science of Finance (or Public Finance) and Fiscal Policy, undertaking not only a legal analysis, but also economic and financial analysis of the theme. The Economics of Public Sector (or Modern Public Finance) will contribute to the research through topics such as market failures and economic theory of taxation, which are essential to an economic approach to Tax Law. The core of the work lies in the application of Law and Economics instruments in the study of taxation, analyzing the effects of tax rules on the economic system. Accordingly, the dissertation examines the fundamental assumptions that make up the Economic Analysis of Law (as the concept of economic efficiency and its relation to equity), relating them to the tax phenomenon. Due to the nature of the Brazilian legal system, any worth investigation or approach, including Law and Economics, could not pass off the Constitution. Thus, the constitutional rules will serve as a limit and a prerequisite for the application of Law and Economics on taxation, particularly the rules related to property rights, freedom, equality and legal certainty. The relationship between taxation and market failures receives prominent role, particularly due to its importance to the Law and Economics, as well as to the role that taxation plays in the correction of these failures. In addition to performing a review of taxation under the approach of Economic Analysis of Law, the research also investigates the reality of Brazilian tax system, applying the concepts developed in relevant cases and issues to the national scene, such as the relationship between taxation and development, the compliance costs of taxation, the tax evasion and the tax enforcement procedure. Given the above, it is intended to lay the groundwork for a general theory of Economic Analysis of Tax Law, contextualizing it with the Brazilian tax system