Predicao de campo em comunicacao sem fio

Even living in the XXI century are still some difficulties in access to broadband Internet in several Brazilian cities, due to the purchasing power of people and lack of government investment. But even with these difficulties, we seek to encourage the use of wireless technology, which is based on the IEEE 802.11b protocol - also known as Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) Wireless Fidelity Communications, having wide range of commercial applications in the world market, nationally and internationally. In Brazil, this technology is in full operation in major cities and has proved attractive in relation to the access point to multipoint and point-to-point. This paper is a comparative analysis of prediction field, using models based on the prediction of propagation loss. To validate the techniques used here, the Okumura-Hata models, modified Okumura-Hata, Walfisch-Ikegami model, were applied to a wireless computer network, located in the neighborhood of Cajupiranga in the city of Melbourn, in Rio Grande do Norte . They are used for networking wireless 802.11b, using the Mobile Radio to measure signal levels, beyond the heights of the antennas and distances from the transmitter. The performance data versus distance are added to the graphs generated and compared with results obtained through calculations of propagation models

Desempenho de um veículo flex em bancada dinamométrica de chassi

Flex-fuel vehicles are equipped with Otto Cycle internal combustion engines and have the capability of functioning with more than one type of fuel, mixed at the same tank and burned in the combustion chamber simultaneously. This sort of motorization is a world pattern due to the scarcity of petroleum, the trade of several types of fuels, technology advances and the restriction imposed to gas emissions to the atmosphere. In Brazil, the Flexfuel vehicles are a reality, specially the ones using fuel with 20 to 25% anhydrous alcohol mixed with gasoline and those that use natural gas or original liquid fuel (gasoline or hydrated ethanol). The Brazilian model Fiat Siena, the object of this present scientific investigation, is equipped with a unique electronic central capable of managing the liquid or gaseous fuels. The purpose of this research was to perform a comparative analysis in terms of performance (in terms of both potency and consumption) of a tetra-fuel vehicle - using a chassis dynamometer, operating with different fuels: common gasoline, premium gasoline, Podium gasoline, ethanol or natural gas. It became necessary to develop a bench of tests and trials procedures, as well as to know the functioning of the electronic management of the vehicle under analysis. The experiments were performed at the automotive laboratory in CTGAS-ER (Center of Gas Technologies and Renewable energies) at the light of Brazilian standard ABNT, NBR 7024: Light on-road vehicles - measurement of fuel consumption. The essay results on specific fuel consumption using common gasoline, premium gasoline and Podium gasoline have shown similar results, both for urban and road driving cycles

Estudo de um isolante térmico para tubos fabricado em material compósito

It presents a new type of insulation for ductwork hot water, which can be used in solar systems for heating water, which consists of a composite of different compositions based on plaster, cement and EPS ground, palm and water. This composite has as its main features easy assembly and manufacturing processes and low cost. Comparative results will be presented on the tests of materials and thermal tubes proposed. Four formulations were used to manufacture tubes with three diameters 70, 65 and 42mm. It was also tested conventionally used for elastomeric foam insulation to 110 ° C, for a comparative analysis with the composite pipe insulator proposed. It will demonstrate that the cost of manufacturing of such tubes is competitive with alternative elastomeric foam tested, but results of the composite tube to the temperature range studied, are lower. Another drawback of the composite insulator tube is its large mass. It would be important to test such a composite for greater levels of temperature to a diagnostic technique competitive with conventionally used insulators. A positive factor of using the proposed composite-tube would be the recycling of EPS so damaging to the environment, representing an environmentally friendly application of science

Sistema de destilação solar com pré-aquecimento em concentrador cilindro parabólico

Due to the increasing need to promote the use of resources that support the environment and the clean industry, the science has developed in the area of natural resource use as well as enhanced use of the renewable energy sources. Considering also the great need for clean water and wide availability of salt or brackish water, added to the great solar energy potential in northeastern of the Brazil, it was developed a solar distiller whose main difference is its system of pre-solar heating also. From experimental adjustments, the system was developed by the use of a cylindrical solar concentrator coupled to a conventional distiller. The system is designed such that attempt to facilitate the process termination trap to ensure constant movement of the fluid mass and thus enable higher temperatures to the system and thus fetch a higher amount of distillate collected. In a stage of the experiment were used a forced circulation to try to further increase the amount of energy exchange system. To develop the study were set up four settings for comparison in which one was only distiller simple as basic parameter, the second proposed configuration were with the coupling of the concentration triggered manually every 30 minutes to monitor the sun, the third configuration occurred with automatic triggering of a timer, and the fourth configuration was also used a pumping system that tried to improve the circulation of the fluid. With the comparative analysis of the results showed a gain in the amount of distillate system, especially in the forced model

Tubulações de PRFV com adição de areia quartzosa visando sua aplicação na indústria do petróleo

Fillers are often added in composites to enhance performance and/or to reduce cost. Fiberglass pipes must meet performance requirements and industrial sand is frequently added for the pipe to be cost competitive. The sand is added to increase pipe wall thickness, thus increase pipe stiffness. The main goal of the present work is to conduct an experimental investigation between pipes fabricated with and without de addition of sand, to be used in the petroleum industry. Pipes were built using E-glass fibers, polyester resin and siliceous sand. The fabrication process used hand lay up and filament winding and was divided in two different parts: the liner and the structural wall. All tested pipes had the same liner, but different structural wall composition, which is the layer where siliceous sand may be added or not. The comparative investigation was developed considering the results of longitudinal tensile tests, hoop tensile tests, hydrostatic pressure leak tests and parallel-plate loading stiffness tests. SEM was used to analyze if the sand caused any damage to the glass fibers, during the fabrication process, because of the fiber-sand contact. The procedure was also used to verify the composite conditions after the hydrostatic pressure leak test. The results proved that the addition of siliceous sand reduced the leak pressure in about 17 %. In the other hand, this loss in pressure was compensated by a stiffness increment of more than 380 %. MEV analyses show that it is possible to find damage on the fiber-sand contact, but on a very small amount. On most cases, the contact occurs without damage evidences. In summary, the addition of sand filler represented a 27.8 % of cost reduction, when compared to a pipe designed with glass fiber and resin only. This cost reduction combined to the good mechanical tests results make siliceous sand filler suitable for fiberglass pressure pipes

Molecular characterization of two Brazilian isolates of Lettuce mosaic virus with distinct biological properties

Efetuou-se a clonagem e seqüenciamento do gene que codifica a proteína capsidial de dois isolados do vírus do mosaico da alface (Lettuce mosaic virus, LMV) provenientes do estado de São Paulo, previamente caracterizados como pertencentes aos patótipos II (AF198, incapaz de infetar cultivares com os genes de resistência mo1¹ ou mo1²) e IV (AF199, capaz de quebrar a resistência propiciada pelos genes mo1¹ e mo1²), com base na virulência em cultivares diferenciadoras. Análise comparativa das seqüências de nucleotídeos de isolados provenientes da Europa, América do Norte, Oriente Médio e os dois isolados brasileiros não permitiu sua separação em estirpes, pois as porcentagens de homologia foram sempre superiores a 95%. Entretanto, análise filogenética dos isolados sugere uma origem comum entre o isolado AF-198 e os isolados LMV-R e LMV-0 (patótipo II, provenientes dos Estados Unidos e da França, respectivamente). O isolado AF199 apresentou uma alta homologia de seqüência com os isolados LMV-Aud e LMV-13, ambos provenientes da França. Esses isolados também são relacionados a isolados provenientes do Chile, embora uma origem comum não seja proposta. Eventos independentes de mutação podem estar ocorrendo em diferentes partes do mundo, propiciando o surgimento de novas estirpes de LMV capazes de quebrar a resistência conferida pelos genes mo1¹ e mo1².

O chiste em Tutaméia: riso que (des)vela

The aim of this paper is to present the study of the laughter in Tutaméia, by João Guimarães Rosa, throughtout the four forewords and ten novels selected from the author s literary work. It is based on the psychoanalytical theory of Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan about the laughter (and delight in the humorous nuances) and the unconscious mind. By taking the laughter as the point of exploitation and understanding, the narration can be understood from an esthetical pattern established on the variety of orallity retained by the narrator and the cordel pamphlets (known as string literature ) and its bypassing on the classical literature and the popular literature revealing its own logical linguistic and conception apart from the official one. It is taken a comparative conception of life in the François Rabelais characters and some characters from Tutaméia having Melim-Meloso as a paradigm showing how one s life can be happy in spite of all adversities by using laughter as the antidote potion against human being s misery and pain to achieve sense of freedom and pleasure

Cinge a musa o oráculo da tradição: revelações perenes da narrativa em contos de Perrault

Le présent ouvrage comprend des versions comparatives de neuf contes de Perrault, parmi les plus célèbres, publiés dans des éditions intégrales, au Brésil, entre 1934 et 2005. L analyse comparative donne la priorité à l identification des éléments relatifs à l oralité, comme ceux qui appartiennent, selon Ong (1998) et Havelock (1996), à des contextes de cultures antérieures à l épanouissement de l écriture et qui donc élaboraient ses propres structures de pensée et d expression pour interagir dans la vie pratique comme dans la création, dans la transmission et la manutention des coutumes et traditions. Issus des premiers récits, les contes de Perrault, traduits ou adaptés au Brésil, gardent en eux l esprit du langage narratif auquel l auteur français a consagré une attention spéciale, pour transposer dans l écrit quelques récits de la grande expérience humaine née dans le milieu populaire et qui désormais intègrent l espace de l écriture à chaque nouvelle version produite. Les bagages formulaires, comme les épithètes, les interventions du narrateur et la propre relation des signifations de l intrigue avec les structures de l imaginaire toujours présentes dans l humanité, démontrent le rapprochement entre l oralité et écriture. En suivant les discussions théoriques de Zumthor (1993, 1997, 2000) et par l interation du lecteur avec le texte, on constate que ces éléments relatifs à l oralité rendent possibl existence d une performance dans l écrit a partir des impressions cinesthésiques qui chaque lecture provoque chez le lecteur et récepteur d un texte narratif qui revendique, automatiquement, la construction d une ouvrage seulement possible à chaque instant de l interation, par le processus esthétique de la réception. Même au niveau d écrit, ou l intensité de sa présence est diminuée en raison de l absence d un corps physique qui transmet, qui développe, qui opere littéralement le texte par la voix et qui réunit l écoute et la vision de l auditeur, la performance produite s interpose entre le corps du lecteur qui agit sur le texte et en même temps reçoit les sensations lui permettant l expérience esthétique. Ainsi, dans l expérience de la lecture de Contes de Perrault est possible percevoir les éléments qui renvoient à la forme du conte de tradition populaire. Même déjà influencée par l écrit, le lecteur peut identifier, dans cette oeuvre, les possibilités determinantes de la dynamique perpétuel dans la transmission de ses textes: le plaisir de la pratique de l écoute des histoires contées oralement et le plaisir de la pratique de lectures silencieuses et solitaires. Dans ce chemin le lecteur devoit chercher les sens perdus, ici, rencontrés avec l aide des discours littéraires, linguistique, folklorique, anthropologique et psycanalytique sur la surface du texte narratif merveilleux. Outre cela, ces discours collaborent avec le lecteur qui retrouvent les voix emprisonnées par l écrit dans la virtualité et dans émergence d une performance

No céu da boca das gentes, tem estrela e maravilhas: atualização e permanência das narrativas populares nos contos de enganar a morte

This current study consists in an analysis of the work Contos de enganar a morte (2004), of the novelist, illustrator and researcher of popular culture Ricardo Azevedo, aiming to highlight aspects and elements present in this work which show the update and the permanence of traditional popular narratives, widespread by orality, especially those collected by the Luís da Câmara Cascudo in Literatura oral no Brasil (1984), linked to the category of the Cycle of the Death and Tales of the Deceived Demon. It is argued that the symbolic, playful, humor and aspects of orality, evident in these narratives are cultural possessions own of a popular tradition that diffuses, is updated and maintained by the memory of handmade anonymous narrators (BENJAMIN, 1994), poets and brazilian singers of cordel, holders of the traditional knowledge not established, but polyphonic, dialogical and democratic in essence (BAKHTIN, 1996). Still, alongside the people who know and counts the stories of Trancoso and Fairies, the tale, as a written literary genre, has allowed to maintain outstanding the same subjects successively renewed, enabling the resistance of popular narrative tradition and understanding and appreciation of popular orality (ZUMTHOR, 1993; 2000) and of the updates performed in the contemporarity (CANDIDO, 1976), without losing sight of the singularity and autonomy of the literary work

A imagem do Brasil na mídia impressa portuguesa: um estudo do caso diário de notícias e público

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Lógica condicional

The main goal of this work is to clarify the central concepts involved in the study of formalization of conditional sentences. More specifically, it has been done a comparative analysis of the two greater and more traditional proposals of conditional formalization (Lewis 1973c e Adams 1975). These proposals were responsible for the creation of a way of analysis that still present in the current debate about this subject. This work pursues to explain the principal assumptions held within these proposals. According to certain disambiguation techniques from Bennett (2003) and Lycan (2005), this work tries to explicit how these assumptions connect to the aims sought by the initial approaches. The following results show that there is a not declared presumption, the definition of the object of study of these theories, i.e., the definition of conditional sentence. This work argues that despite of not explicitly declared the definition of the study object has a central role in the intelligibility of the debate itself

Estudo da detecção do DNA do papiloma vírus humano (HPV) e da expressão imuno-histoquímica de proteína do ciclo celular no carcinoma epidermóide oral

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy in oral cavity and human papillomavirus (HPV) may have an important role in its development. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the HPV DNA and viral types in 90 cases of OSCC. Moreover, a comparative analysis between the cases of OSSC with and without HPV DNA was performed by using cell cycle markers p21 and pRb in order to detect a possible correlation of these proteins and HPV infection. DNA was extracted from paraffin embedded tissue and amplified by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) with primers PCO3+ e PCO4+ for a fragment of human β-globin gene. After this procedure, PCR for HPV DNA detection was realized using a pair of generic primers GP5+ e GP6+. Immunohistochemical study was performed by streptoavidin-biotin technique and antibodies against p21 and pRb proteins were employed. Eighty-eight cases were positive for human β-globin gene and HPV DNA was found in 26 (29.5%) of then. It could not be detected significant correlation between HPV and age, sex and anatomical sites of the lesion. The most prevalent viral type was HPV 18 (80.8%). Regarding the immunohistochemical analysis, it was detected significant association between HPV presence and pRb immunoexpression (p=0,044), nevertheless, the same was not observed in relation to p21 protein (p =0,416). It can be concluded that the low detection of HPV DNA in OSCC by the present experiment suggests a possible role of the virus in the development and progression in just a subset of this disease

Expressão imuno-histoquímica das integrinas a2ß1, a3ß1 e a5ß1 em adenoma pleomórfico de glândula salivar menor e maior e carcinoma adenóide cístico

Pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) consist benign and malignant neoplasm from salivary gland, respectively. These neoplasms share some characteristics, such as cellular origin and considerable production of extracellular matrix, however, with distinct biological behavior. The aim of the present study was to compare the expression of D2E1, D3E1 e D5E1 integrins in pleomorphic adenoma from minor and major salivary glands and ACCs. Furthermore, it was investigated possible differences in the expression of these integrins according to histological subtypes of ACC. Fourteen cases of pleomorphic adenoma from major salivary gland, fourteen cases from minor salivary gland and ten cases of ACC were selected. It was taken into consideration the presence or absence, localization and intensity of integrin immunoexpression. The cases of pleomorphic adenoma were grouped in order to compare the expression between the distinct neoplasms. It was observed a highly significant difference (p<0,0001) in relation to D2E1 integrin between the neoplasms since pleomorphic adenoma showed a pronounced immunostaining. It was not possible to perform statistical tests considering the D2E1 integrin expression; nevertheless, it could be observed a tendency of higher staining in pleomorphic adenoma. For comparative reasons the cases ACCs were divided in two groups: solid and tubular/cribriform. It was not detected significant differences in regard to D2E1 integrin; and statistical analysis could not be realized in relation to D3E1 and D5E integrin expression. However, it was also verified a tendency of absence or reduced expression in the solid subtype. It can be concluded that the reduced D2E1 integrin expression observed in CACs may be related to a lesser degree of cell differentiation in this neoplasm and the reduced D5E1 integrin expression can be associated with aggressive biological behavior. Moreover, the absence and/or reduced expression of the studied integrins in solid ACC suggests a role in pathogenesis and more aggressive biological behavior of this histological subtype

Avaliação dos impactos ambientais e sociais gerados pela utilização do kit Embrapa de ordenha manual na produção de leite de cabra

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Aspectos anatômicos do olho e neuroquímicos da retina do mocó (Kerodon rupestris)

The visual system is an important link between the animal and the environment, com profound influences on the habits and lifestyle in various habitats. Adaptive mechanismsto the temporal niche are present in the visual system of many vertebrates, involving changins in ocular dimensios and design, retinal cell distribution and organization of neurochemical circuits related to the retinal resolution or sensitivity. The sensory system of the eye is represented by the retina, whose organization is responsible by receipty, initial analysis, and transmission of the information to the brain. The knowledge of the position of the eyes in the head and the distribution of retinal cells allow to identify adaptive aspects of each species to its visual field, which is characteristic to the ecological niche it occupies. In this research, we study eye anatomical characteristics and retina neurochemical features of the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris), a tipical Brazilian rodent from the suborder Hystricomorpha, family Caviidae. The rock cavy has lateral eyes well constitute bony orbit and well differentiated extrinsic muscle. The study of the descriptive and morphometric anatomy of the showed mean values of axial diameter 10.7±0,5mm and equatorial diameter 11.6±0.7mm. The pupil is slit shaped and the lens has mean axial diameter 5.4±0.03 mm, corresponding to ~45% of the axial diameter of the eye. The posterior nodal distance and the retinal magnification factor were estimated at 6.74 mm e 118 μm/grau, respectively. Flat mounts were processed for Nissl stain, and the topographic distribution of ganglion cells showed a moderate visual band, just below the optic disc, with higher density in the ventral retina. Retinal vertical sections and flat mounts were processed for immunohistochemistry to visualize tyrosine hydroxilase (TH) and thus two types of TH+ cells were detected. Type 1 cells had strong TH-immunoreactivity, the body cell varied from 120.047 to 269.373 μm2 stratifying in the sublamina 1 of the IPL. Type 2 cells were weakly TH-imunoreactive, had cell body located mostly in the IPL, varying from 54.848 to 177.142 μm2, constituting ~10% of the TH+ cells. Both cell types exhibited similar topographic distribution with higher density found in a horizontal band along of the naso-temporal axis in the dorsal retina. The total population of dopaminergic cells was 2,156±469,4 cells, occupying an average area of 198,164 μm2. The presence of cones and rods was detected by immunohistochemistry in vertical sections and flat mounts. S cones density is around 10 times smaller than L cones, with different degree of spatial organization. Other retinal neuronal populations of the rock cavy were also detected in vertical sections with specific markers. Comparative analysis of the anatomical characteristics of the rock cavy eye 12 suggest that it was designed to acquire higher sensitivity to light, at expense of image sharpness, compatible with a vision at mesopic conditions. Additionally, the distribution of the 2 subtypes of dopaminergic cells in a naso-temporal band in the dorsal retina seems suitable to a gain in sensitivity, coherent with an animal with predominantly crepuscular activity pattern