3D numerical analysis of tunnelling induced damage: the influence of the alignment of a masonry building with the tunnel axis.

The development of infrastructure in major cities often involves tunnelling, which can cause damage to existing structures. Therefore, these projects require a careful prediction of the risk of settlement induced damage. The simplified approach of current methods cannot account for three-dimensional structural aspects of buildings, which can result in an inaccurate evaluation of damage. This paper investigates the effect of the building alignment with the tunnel axis on structural damage. A three-dimensional, phased, fully coupled finite element model with non-linear material properties is used as a tool to perform a parametric study. The model includes the simulation of the tunnel construction process, with the tunnel located adjacent to a masonry building. Three different type of settlements are included (sagging, hogging and a combination of them), with seven different increasing angles of the building with respect to the tunnel axis. The alignment parameter is assessed, based on the maximum occurring crack width, measured in the building. Results show a significant dependency of the final damage on the building and tunnel alignment.

Genetic improvement on Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis): growth and viability performance in F1 hybrids of different populations

Fenneropenaeus chinensis distributed in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea of China and the west coast of the Korean Peninsula. Different geographical populations represent potentially different genetic resources. To learn further the characteristics of different geographical population, crosses among two wild and three farmed populations were produced. The two wild populations were from the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea (WYP), and the west coast of the Korean Peninsula and coast (WKN). The three farmed populations included the offspring of first generation of wild shrimp from coast in Korea (FKN), the Huang Hai (the Yellow Sea in Chinese) No.1 (HH1), and JK98. The phenotypes growth and survival rates of these populations were compared to confirm the feasibility for crossbreeding. The body length (BL), carapace length (CL), carapace width (CW), height of the second and third abdominal segment (HST), width of the second and third abdominal segment (WST), length of the first abdominal segment (LF), length of the last abdominal segment (LL), live body weight (BW), and survival rate were measured. Different combinations were statistically performed with ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results show that the survival rate of JK98(a (TM) Euro)xWKN(a (TM),) was the highest, followed by WYP(a (TM) Euro)xWKN(a (TM),), FKN(a (TM) Euro)xWYP(a (TM),), FKN(a (TM) Euro)xHH1(a (TM),) and WYP(a (TM) Euro)xFKN(a (TM),); the body weight of FKN(a (TM) Euro)sxHH1(a (TM),) was the highest, followed by FKN(a (TM) Euro)xWYP(a (TM),), WYP(a (TM) Euro)xWKN(a (TM),), WYP(a (TM) Euro)xFKN(a (TM),) and JK98(a (TM) Euro)xWKN(a (TM),); the total length had the same ranking as the body weight. All growth traits in hybrids JK98(a (TM) Euro)xWKN(a (TM),) were the lowest among all combinations. F1 hybrids had significant difference (P < 0.05) in BL, CL, HST, LL, and BW; and insignificant difference (P > 0.05) in other growth traits and survival rate. The results of Duncan's Multiple Range Test are that BL and CL of JK98(a (TM) Euro)xWKN(a (TM),) were significantly different from the other combinations; HST different from the combination of FKN(a (TM) Euro)xWYP(a (TM),), FKN(a (TM) Euro)xHH1(a (TM),) and WYP(a (TM) Euro)xWKN(a (TM),); and BW different from FKN(a (TM) Euro)xWYP(a (TM),) and FKN(a (TM) Euro)xHH1(a (TM),). As a whole, the results indicate that the FKN(a (TM) Euro)xHH1(a (TM),) was the best combination in all growth traits. Therefore, hybridization can introduce the variation to base populations. The systematic selection program based on additive genetic performance may be more effective than crossbreeding.

Shear modulus of two-dimensional foams: The effect of area dispersity and disorder

Cox, S.J. and Whittick, E.L. (2006) Shear modulus of two-dimensional foams: The effect of area dispersity and disorder. Euro. Phys. J. E 21:49-56 Sponsorship: EPSRC

Współpraca transgraniczna i regionalna w obszarze Morza Bałtyckiego w latach 1989 -2007

Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa

Współczesna Azja z perspektywy młodego badacza

Publikacja ta zawiera artykuły będące pokłosiem II Międzyuczelnianej Interdyscyplinarnej Konferencji "Współczesna Azja z perspektywy młodego badacza", która odbyła się dnia 31/05/2012 roku w Poznaniu. Została ona zorganizowana przez Sekcję Azjatycką „Satya” Studenckiego Koła Naukowego Etnologów im. Bronisława Piłsudskiego, działającego przy Instytucie Etnologii i Antropologii Kulturowej Uniwersytetu im. A. Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Gdyby nie hegemoniczna nauka europejska, a w tym wypadku geografia trudno byłoby znaleźć wspólną płaszczyznę, która potrafiłaby taką różnorodność włączyć w jakąś całość jaką jest kontynent azjatycki. Tych kilka artykułów odnoszących się do tak odmiennych społeczności łączy jedno - pasja badawcza młodych ludzi ukierunkowana na ten obszar świata. W trakcie konferencji poruszone zostały tak odmienne tematy, z tak wielu perspektyw, że wydaje się być trudnym odnalezienie jakichkolwiek wątków wspólnych. Bynajmniej w przedstawionych w poniższej publikacji tekstach możemy odnaleźć przewijające się wątki narracji postkolonialnej, które w sposób krytyczny analizują współczesne zjawiska narracji tworzonych w odniesieniu do rozmaitych praktyk kulturowych. Warto wymienić tu chociażby kwestię krzyżowań w filipińskiej Pampandze, czy obraz mieszkańców Chin tworzony w literaturze i filmie euro - amerykańskim. Drugim wątkiem obecnym w kilku tekstach jest problem wytwarzania dyskursów dających podstawy do generowania tożsamości podmiotowej. W tej tematyce pojawiają się zagadnienia związane z tworzeniem izraelskości, a także ukazana jest rola dyskursów religijnych jak Buddyzm i Burchanizm z tej perspektywy. W tym kontekście ciekawie przedstawiona została analiza funkcjonowania imigrantów pochodzących m.in. z Europy, Ameryki Północnej i Australii w Chinach. Wszystkie artykuły są zapewne wycinkiem badań jakie podejmują młodzi badacze w swoich wymagających wyrzeczeń dociekaniach poznawczych, dlatego oczekiwać należy w przyszłości twórczego rozwinięcia przedstawionych tu zagadnień.

Wzmocniona legitymacja demokratyczna Unii Europejskiej – rozważania w kontekście inicjatywy obywatelskiej, nowych zasad wyborów do Parlamentu Europejskiego i udziału parlamentów krajowych w procesie integracji europejskiej

Nie ulega wątpliwości, iż w efekcie kryzysu finansów publicznych, z którym borykają się wszystkie państwa strefy euro jak i niektóre z pozostałych państw członkowskich, instytucje Unii Europejskiej kolejny raz stają do walki o swoją wiarygodność zarówno na arenie europejskiej jak i międzynarodowej . Formalne podstawy do zmierzających w tym kierunku zmian daje implementowany traktat lizboński przewidujący w swych zapisach m. in. ustanowienie obywatelskiej inicjatywy legislacyjnej; zmianę zasad wyborczych do PE czy też zwiększające uprawnienia parlamentów krajowych w unijnym procesie decyzyjnym. Przedmiotem szczególnej troski powinno być dołożenie wszelkich starań celem pokazania obywatelom UE, że forum Unii Europejskiej może być realną i efektywną formułą wspólnego poszukiwania dróg wyjścia z kryzysu . Stawka, o którą toczy się gra jest stosunkowo wysoka, gdyż de facto sięga do kwestii przyszłości integracji europejskiej jako Unii wzmocnionej współpracy politycznej wokół rynku wewnętrznego i strefy euro, czy też Unii osłabionej nacjonalizmem zachowawczym skupiającym się na już słyszalnych w poszczególnych państwach głosach o konieczności poszukiwania alternatywnych do UE dróg walki z kryzysem . Zapowiedziany przez Komisję Europejską na 2013r. rok obywateli ma być w jej przekonaniu okazją do odświeżenia wizerunku UE i jej instytucji. Z całą pewnością czas ten będzie można wykorzystać w celu wypromowania nowych instrumentów wpływu obywateli i ich zrzeszeń na proces decyzyjny UE m. in. za pomocą zawartej w przepisach traktatu z Lizbony o europejskiej inicjatywie legislacyjnej. Będzie to również dobra okazja do zainaugurowania europejskiej kampanii wyborczej w roku poprzedzającym wybory do Parlamentu Europejskiego. Przy ich okazji być może zostaną wprowadzone w życie nowe przepisy modyfikujące dotychczasowe zasady elekcji posłów do PE. Należy jednak sceptycznie odnieść się co do szans na radykalną zmianę nastrojów Europejczyków do Unii Europejskiej. W wielu bowiem przypadkach socjalizacja europejska obywateli UE napotyka na trudności wynikające z faktu pojawiania się nowej jakości tzw. „Znaczących Innych”, którzy działając w tym obszarze nie zawsze są rzecznikami UE i jej dalszej integracji. Możemy zatem obserwować oznaki psychologicznego rozkładu wspólnoty, którego następstwem może być jej rozkład polityczny . Kryzys „otworzył nam oczy” wskazując na istotne różnice między deklaracjami politycznymi a nieprzystającą do nich rzeczywistością. Pokazując Europę, w którą nie chcemy wierzyć .

Przywództwo Niemiec i Francji w Unii Europejskiej w XXI w. Problemy i wyzwania

Autor w pracy stawia tezę, że „francusko-niemiecki motor” odegrał pozytywną rolę w procesie integracji europejskiej w XX w. Dzięki bliskiej współpracy francusko-niemieckiej możliwa była realizacja unii walutowo-gospodarczej, Wspólna Polityka Zagraniczna i Bezpieczeństwa oraz stworzenie w UE „obszaru wolności, bezpieczeństwa i sprawiedliwości”. W XXI w. trudna sytuacja gospodarcza Francji i napięcia społeczne spowodowały spadek jej znaczenia w Unii Europejskiej. Kryzys finansowy strefy euro oraz problem uchodźców wykreowały Niemcy na samotnego lidera w Unii Europejskiej. Jednakże współpraca francusko-niemiecka nie załamała się, gdyż oba państwa wzajemnie się potrzebują i zapewniają równowagę w Europie. Zdaniem wielu ekspertów, ze względu na ogólne nastroje w Europie, w Berlinie i Paryżu brakuje nowych idei ukazujących perspektywy rozwojowe Unii Europejskiej na najbliższe lata.

No Muslims Allowed? An analysis of the State of Pluralism in the West

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Relações Internacionais com o Mundo Árabe e Islâmico.

A Farmácia de Oficina como pólo disseminador de informação objectiva sobre a utilização de plantas medicinais

Monografia apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em Ciências Farmacêuticas

O Arsenal Farmacêutico da Antiguidade Clássica e da Idade Média

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas

TRADITION AND INNOVATION: ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED COMPOSITIONS FOR VIOLONCELLO BY HEITOR VILLA-LOBOS

Brazilian composer Heitor Villa-Lobos (1887-1959) began his musical career as a cellist. When he was only twelve years old, it became imperativeupon the sudden and untimely death of his fatherthat the young Villa-Lobos earn money as a cellist to provide financial support for his mother and sisters. Villa-Lobos's intimate relationship with the cello eventually inspired him to compose great music for this instrument. This dissertation explores both the diversity of compositional technique and the evolution of style found in the music for cello written by Villa-Lobos. The project consists of two recorded recital performances and a written document exploring and analyzing those pieces. In the study of the music of Villa-Lobos, it is of great interest to consider the music's traditional European elements in combination (or even juxtaposition) with its imaginative and sometimes wildly innovative Brazilian character. His early works were greatly influenced by European Romantic composers such as Robert Schumann, Frédéric Chopin, and the virtuoso cellist/composer David Popper (whom Villa-Lobos idolized). Later, Villa-Lobos flourished in a newfound compositional independence and moved away from Euro-romanticism and toward the folk music of his Brazilian homeland. It is intriguing to experience this transition through an exploration of his cello compositions. The works examined and performed in this dissertation project are chosen from among the extensive number of Villa-Lobos's cello compositions and are his most important works for cello with piano, cello with another instrument, and cello with orchestra. The chosen works demonstrate the evolving range and combination of characteristic elements found in Villa-Lobos's compositional repertoire.

Report on Archaeological Investigations Conducted at the St. Mary's Site (18AP45), 107 Duke of Gloucester Street, Annapolis, Maryland, 1987-1990

In celebration of the 250th anniversary of the birth of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, Archaeology in Annapolis was invited to excavate the Carroll House and garden on 107 Duke of Gloucester Street in Annapolis, Maryland. The site, named the St. Mary's Site (18AP45) for the Catholic church on the property, is currently owned by the Redemptorists, a Roman Catholic congregation of priests and brothers who have occupied the site since 1852. Prior to the Redemptorists' tenure, the site was owned by the Carroll family from 1701-1852 and is perhaps best known as the home of Charles Carroll of Carrollton (1737-1832), signer of the Declaration of Independence. Excavations at the site were conducted during four consecutive summer seasons from 1987-1990. The investigation focused on three research questions. The first line of inquiry were questions surrounding the dating, architectural configuration, and artifact deposits of the "frame house," a structure adjoining the west wall of the brick Carroll House via a "passage" and later a three story addition. The frame house was partially demolished in the mid-nineteenth century but the construction was thought to pre-date the brick portion of the house. The second research question was spurred by documentary research which indicated that the property might have been the location of Proctor's Tavern, a late 17th-century tavern which served as the meeting place of the Maryland Provincial Assembly. Archaeological testing hoped to determine its location and, if found, investigate Annapolis' early Euro-American occupation. The third research question focused on the landscape of the site as it was shaped by its occupants over the past three hundred years. The research questions included investigating the stratigraphy, geometry, and architectural and planting features of Charles Carroll of Carrollton's terraced garden built during the 1770s, and investigating the changes to the landscape made by the Redemptorists in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. While no structural evidence associated with Proctor’s Tavern was uncovered during limited excavations along Spa Creek, the historic shore of Spa Creek was identified, buried beneath deep fill deposits laid down during construction of the Carroll Garden. Features and deposits associated with this period likely remain intact in a waterlogged environment along the southeastern sea wall at the St. Mary’s Site. Evidence of extensive earth moving by Carroll is present in the garden and was identified during excavation and coring. This strongly suggests that the garden landscape visible at the St. Mary’s Site is the intact Carroll Garden, which survives beneath contemporary and late nineteenth century strata. The extant surviving garden should be considered highly sensitive to ground-disturbing activities, and is also highly significant considering demonstrable associations with the Carroll family. Other garden-related features were also discovered, including planting holes, and a brick pavilion or parapet located along Spa Creek to the south of the site. The Duke of Gloucester Street wall was shown to be associated with the Carroll occupation of the site. Finally, intensive archaeological research was directed at the vicinity of a frame house constructed and occupied by the Carrolls to the east of the existing brick house, which was replaced by the Redemptorists in the nineteenth century with a greenhouse. These superimposed buildings were documented in detail and remain highly significant features at the St. Mary’s Site.

Financing of SME's: an asset side story

The main sources of financing for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are equity (internally generated cash), trade credit paid on time, long and short term bank credits, delayed payment on trade credit and other debt. The marginal costs of each financing instrument are driven by asymmetric information (cost of gathering and analysing information) and transactions costs associated with non-payment (costs of collecting and selling collateral). According to the Pecking Order Theory, firms will choose the cheapest source in terms of cost. In the case of the static trade-off theory, firms choose finance so that the marginal costs across financing sources are all equal, thus an additional Euro of financing is obtained from all the sources whereas under the Pecking Order Theory the source is determined by how far down the Pecking Order the firm is presently located. In this paper, we argue that both of these theories miss the point that the marginal costs are dependent of the use of the funds, and the asset side of the balance sheet primarily determines the financing source for an additional Euro. An empirical analysis on a unique dataset of Portuguese SME's confirms that the composition of the asset side of the balance sheet has an impact of the type of financing used and the Pecking Order Theory and the traditional Static Trade-off theory are rejected.

Estimating the economic loss of recent North Atlantic fisheries management

It is accepted that world’s fisheries are not generally exploited at their biological or their economic optimum. Most fisheries assessments focus on the biological capacity of fish stocks to respond to harvesting and few have attempted to estimate the economic efficiency at which ecosystems are exploited. The latter is important as fisheries contribute considerably to the economic development of many coastal communities. Here we estimate the overall potential economic rent for the fishing industry in the North Atlantic to be B€ 12.85, compared to current estimated profits of B€ 0.63. The difference between the potential and the net profits obtained from North Atlantic fisheries is therefore B€ 12.22. In order to increase the profits of North Atlantic fisheries to a maximum, total fish biomass would have to be rebuilt to 108 Mt (2.4 times more than present) by reducing current total fishing effort by 53%. Stochastic simulations were undertaken to estimate the uncertainty associated with the aggregate bioeconomic model that we use and we estimate the economic loss NA fisheries in a range of 2.5 and 32 billion of euro. We provide economic justification for maintaining or restoring fish stocks to above their MSY biomass levels. Our conclusions are consistent with similar global scale studies.

Challenges in integrative approaches to modelling the marine ecosystems of the North Atlantic: Physics to fish and coasts to ocean

It has long been recognised that there are strong interactions and feedbacks between climate, upper ocean biogeochemistry and marine food webs, and also that food web structure and phytoplankton community distribution are important determinants of variability in carbon production and export from the euphotic zone. Numerical models provide a vital tool to explore these interactions, given their capability to investigate multiple connected components of the system and the sensitivity to multiple drivers, including potential future conditions. A major driver for ecosystem model development is the demand for quantitative tools to support ecosystem-based management initiatives. The purpose of this paper is to review approaches to the modelling of marine ecosystems with a focus on the North Atlantic Ocean and its adjacent shelf seas, and to highlight the challenges they face and suggest ways forward. We consider the state of the art in simulating oceans and shelf sea physics, planktonic and higher trophic level ecosystems, and look towards building an integrative approach with these existing tools. We note how the different approaches have evolved historically and that many of the previous obstacles to harmonisation may no longer be present. We illustrate this with examples from the on-going and planned modelling effort in the Integrative Modelling Work Package of the EURO-BASIN programme.