914 resultados para ECONOMÍA REGIONAL


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The Coastal Change Analysis Programl (C-CAP) is developing a nationally standardized database on landcover and habitat change in the coastal regions of the United States. C-CAP is part of the Estuarine Habitat Program (EHP) of NOAA's Coastal Ocean Program (COP). C-CAP inventories coastal submersed habitats, wetland habitats, and adjacent uplands and monitors changes in these habitats on a one- to five-year cycle. This type of information and frequency of detection are required to improve scientific understanding of the linkages of coastal and submersed wetland habitats with adjacent uplands and with the distribution, abundance, and health of living marine resources. The monitoring cycle will vary according to the rate and magnitude of change in each geographic region. Satellite imagery (primarily Landsat Thematic Mapper), aerial photography, and field data are interpreted, classified, analyzed, and integrated with other digital data in a geographic information system (GIS). The resulting landcover change databases are disseminated in digital form for use by anyone wishing to conduct geographic analysis in the completed regions. C-CAP spatial information on coastal change will be input to EHP conceptual and predictive models to support coastal resource policy planning and analysis. CCAP products will include 1) spatially registered digital databases and images, 2) tabular summaries by state, county, and hydrologic unit, and 3) documentation. Aggregations to larger areas (representing habitats, wildlife refuges, or management districts) will be provided on a case-by-case basis. Ongoing C-CAP research will continue to explore techniques for remote determination of biomass, productivity, and functional status of wetlands and will evaluate new technologies (e.g. remote sensor systems, global positioning systems, image processing algorithms) as they become available. Selected hardcopy land-cover change maps will be produced at local (1:24,000) to regional scales (1:500,000) for distribution. Digital land-cover change data will be provided to users for the cost of reproduction. Much of the guidance contained in this document was developed through a series of professional workshops and interagency meetings that focused on a) coastal wetlands and uplands; b) coastal submersed habitat including aquatic beds; c) user needs; d) regional issues; e) classification schemes; f) change detection techniques; and g) data quality. Invited participants included technical and regional experts and representatives of key State and Federal organizations. Coastal habitat managers and researchers were given an opportunity for review and comment. This document summarizes C-CAP protocols and procedures that are to be used by scientists throughout the United States to develop consistent and reliable coastal change information for input to the C-CAP nationwide database. It also provides useful guidelines for contributors working on related projects. It is considered a working document subject to periodic review and revision.(PDF file contains 104 pages.)

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Traz o texto atualizado de leis e decretos que dispõem sobre desenvolvimento urbano e regional no Brasil.

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El objetivo de este artículo es diseñar una estrategia de búsqueda que nos ayude a localizar información sobre un tema concreto: Ética, economía y empresa. El punto de partida será una estrategia de búsqueda determinada que servirá como excusa para consultar una selección de diversas fuentes de información: catálogo de la biblioteca, bases de datos y revistas electrónicas. Para finalizar el articulo se propone como instrumento para seleccionar resultados el factor de impacto JCR y como medio mara gestionar las referencias bibliográficas el gestor Reference Manager

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En la medida en que el papel de los sectores cultural, artístico y creativo en el desarrollo económico y social de las ciudades-región comienza a ser ampliamente reconocido gracias a las progresivas evidencias empíricas recogidas en los últimos años sobre su importante capacidad de dinamismo, innovación y conectividad global, las intervenciones de las diferentes administraciones públicas y agentes privados en este ámbito también han ido en aumento. Una vez que el sector industrial ha declinado de forma drástica y otras actividades terciarias de la economía urbana se encuentran estancadas o en declive (comercio, consultoría, servicios inmobiliarios, etc.), las formas de producción y trabajo cognitivo-culturales son crecientemente señaladas como grandes impulsoras de la regeneración urbana, el posicionamiento global de las ciudades-región, la creación de empleo y la conexión con las vanguardias culturales. Si bien este proceso está facilitando una mayor visibilidad, apoyo y reconocimiento a las industrias y agentes culturales, artísticos y creativos que tradicionalmente han sufrido de forma intensa la precariedad, la baja o inexistente remuneración y la escasa valoración, también está propiciando una irrupción de las lógicas de mercado en ámbitos que hasta el momento han estado parcialmente desmercantilizados. Ello está generando diversas tensiones que afectan de forma destacada a la definición y el papel social y económico de la cultura en las ciudades.

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El presente trabajo analiza el papel que deben jugar las finanzas en un mundo globalizado que vive una profunda crisis multidimensional, económica, financiera, energética, alimentaria, medioambiental, etc. que se manifiesta en graves problemas de pobreza, desigualdad, violación de derechos humanos, exclusión y deterioro ecológico. Esas nuevas finanzas deben constituirse en la herramienta básica de una nueva economía que tenga como objetivo el Desarrollo Humano Sostenible (DHS), que constituye el gran reto al que se enfrenta la humanidad en los próximos años. Todas las personas y las organizaciones tenemos la Responsabilidad Social de hacer frente a ese reto. El sector financiero por su poder e influencia tiene la gran responsabilidad social (RSE) de tener en cuenta, además de su rentabilidad económica, el impacto social y medioambiental de su actividad tanto en el diseño de productos de pasivo, en las estrategias de captación del ahorro y en las políticas de crédito e inversión, recuperando de esta manera el valor social del dinero. La Inversión Socialmente Responsable (ISR) al añadir criterios sociales y medioambientales a los tradicionales criterios financieros permite a las personas o entidades inversoras combinar objetivos financieros con valores sociales. La máxima expresión de la ISR lo constituye la Banca Ética ya que todo su negocio lo gestiona con criterios sociales y medioambientales además de los de rentabilidad económica y bajo una transparencia total. Dentro de la Banca Ética destaca el proyecto Fiare, único nacido en el Estado, que se desarrolla como cooperativa de crédito de ámbito europeo, sin ánimo de lucro, con escala salarial de 1 a 3 y sustentada en redes territoriales de organizaciones sociales que trabajan en el ámbito de la transformación de las estructuras generadoras de injusticia.

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1.Alumnos de primer curso de la Licenciatura de Administración de Empresas. 2.Alumnos de la Licenciatura de Economía que quieran acercarse al estudio de temas relacionados con la administración de Empresas. 3.Cualquier persona que se acerque por primera vez al estudio de aspectos relacionados con la administración- gestión empresarial. El presente material recoge los siguientes aspectos: 1.Programa de la asignatura. 2.Planteamiento de las competencias que pueden ser adquiridas con la ayuda del material que se presenta. 3.Planteamiento de objetivos particulares para cada una de las partes en la que se ha divido el material, que se corresponde con las diferentes áreas funcionales de la empresa. 4.Desarrollo de cada uno de los temas que figuran en el programa. 5.Bibliografía utilizada para la elaboración del material y que puede ser utilizada en caso de que las personas que utilicen el material quieran profundizar en alguno de los temas que se presenta.

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Este trabajo pretende ser de utilidad para cualquier, en general, persona interesada en profundizar en la toma de decisiones. Se combina un planteamiento cuantitativo de la toma de decisiones con un planteamiento cualitativo sobre aspectos personales del decisor. En particular puede ser utilizado como material docente en asignaturas, tanto de la Licenciatura en Administración y Dirección de Empresas como de la Licenciatura en Economía, que aborden la toma de decisión empresarial. El material se estructura en cinco capítulos: •En el primer capítulo, se justifica la existencia de empresas, frente al sistema de asignación de recursos del mercado, y el papel de la dirección. •En el segundo capítulo, se razona bajo que criterios los individuos deciden entrar a formar parte de una empresa, u organización. Asimismo, se presenta el concepto y proceso de decisión. •En el tercer capítulo se destaca la importancia de la generación, recogida y gestión de información como paso previo a la adopción de una decisión. •En el cuarto capítulo se trata de modelizar el esquema mental de resolución de problemas, para lo cuál se utilizarán representaciones como las matrices de decisión y los árboles de decisión. •En el quinto, y último capítulo, se aborda el concepto de negociación, como proceso que permite integrar distintos objetivos individuales en una unidad de decisión y una acción colectiva.

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A discussion is presented on the potential for fishery development in the Niger Delta region, considering engineering activities and food production potentials of the freshwater zone and immediate hinterland, the brackishwater mangrove swamps and the estuaries. An examination of current trends in the environment indicates that a possible solution to improved exploitation of the region lies in hydraulic engineering, the manipulation of environmental conditions through varying freshwater and seawater inputs so as to increase aquatic and wetland productivity

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[ES] En el año 1998 el País Vasco pone en marcha un modelo de desarrollo rural fundamentado en la colaboración entre administraciones locales y regionales frente a la dependencia de las subvenciones comunitarias. Con objeto de la necesaria renovación de los Planes Comarcales se produce una reflexión sobre los errores cometidos y se plantean diferentes alternativas que quedan recogidas en unas propuestas metodológicas que van a primar planteamientos inductivos, prácticos y ejecutables y un modo de funcionar que permite llegar con facilidad de la propuesta local a la puesta en común regional. Como resultado obtenemos una interesante propuesta de desarrollo, a tener en cuenta, en un momento en el que muchas Comunidades Autónomas han de reorganizar sus redes de desarrollo rural ante la anunciada reducción de aportaciones comunitarias.

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Capítulo 8 del libro: Guisasola, Jenaro ; Garmendia, Mikel (eds.) "Aprendizaje basado en problemas, proyectos y casos: diseño e implementación de experiencias en la universidad" (ISBN: 978-84-9860-959-2)

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Abstract to Part I

The inverse problem of seismic wave attenuation is solved by an iterative back-projection method. The seismic wave quality factor, Q, can be estimated approximately by inverting the S-to-P amplitude ratios. Effects of various uncertain ties in the method are tested and the attenuation tomography is shown to be useful in solving for the spatial variations in attenuation structure and in estimating the effective seismic quality factor of attenuating anomalies.

Back-projection attenuation tomography is applied to two cases in southern California: Imperial Valley and the Coso-Indian Wells region. In the Coso-Indian Wells region, a highly attenuating body (S-wave quality factor (Q_β ≈ 30) coincides with a slow P-wave anomaly mapped by Walck and Clayton (1987). This coincidence suggests the presence of a magmatic or hydrothermal body 3 to 5 km deep in the Indian Wells region. In the Imperial Valley, slow P-wave travel-time anomalies and highly attenuating S-wave anomalies were found in the Brawley seismic zone at a depth of 8 to 12 km. The effective S-wave quality factor is very low (Q_β ≈ 20) and the P-wave velocity is 10% slower than the surrounding areas. These results suggest either magmatic or hydrothermal intrusions, or fractures at depth, possibly related to active shear in the Brawley seismic zone.

No-block inversion is a generalized tomographic method utilizing the continuous form of an inverse problem. The inverse problem of attenuation can be posed in a continuous form , and the no-block inversion technique is applied to the same data set used in the back-projection tomography. A relatively small data set with little redundancy enables us to apply both techniques to a similar degree of resolution. The results obtained by the two methods are very similar. By applying the two methods to the same data set, formal errors and resolution can be directly computed for the final model, and the objectivity of the final result can be enhanced.

Both methods of attenuation tomography are applied to a data set of local earthquakes in Kilauea, Hawaii, to solve for the attenuation structure under Kilauea and the East Rift Zone. The shallow Kilauea magma chamber, East Rift Zone and the Mauna Loa magma chamber are delineated as attenuating anomalies. Detailed inversion reveals shallow secondary magma reservoirs at Mauna Ulu and Puu Oo, the present sites of volcanic eruptions. The Hilina Fault zone is highly attenuating, dominating the attenuating anomalies at shallow depths. The magma conduit system along the summit and the East Rift Zone of Kilauea shows up as a continuous supply channel extending down to a depth of approximately 6 km. The Southwest Rift Zone, on the other hand, is not delineated by attenuating anomalies, except at a depth of 8-12 km, where an attenuating anomaly is imaged west of Puu Kou. The Ylauna Loa chamber is seated at a deeper level (about 6-10 km) than the Kilauea magma chamber. Resolution in the Mauna Loa area is not as good as in the Kilauea area, and there is a trade-off between the depth extent of the magma chamber imaged under Mauna Loa and the error that is due to poor ray coverage. Kilauea magma chamber, on the other hand, is well resolved, according to a resolution test done at the location of the magma chamber.

Abstract to Part II

Long period seismograms recorded at Pasadena of earthquakes occurring along a profile to Imperial Valley are studied in terms of source phenomena (e.g., source mechanisms and depths) versus path effects. Some of the events have known source parameters, determined by teleseismic or near-field studies, and are used as master events in a forward modeling exercise to derive the Green's functions (SH displacements at Pasadena that are due to a pure strike-slip or dip-slip mechanism) that describe the propagation effects along the profile. Both timing and waveforms of records are matched by synthetics calculated from 2-dimensional velocity models. The best 2-dimensional section begins at Imperial Valley with a thin crust containing the basin structure and thickens towards Pasadena. The detailed nature of the transition zone at the base of the crust controls the early arriving shorter periods (strong motions), while the edge of the basin controls the scattered longer period surface waves. From the waveform characteristics alone, shallow events in the basin are easily distinguished from deep events, and the amount of strike-slip versus dip-slip motion is also easily determined. Those events rupturing the sediments, such as the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake, can be recognized easily by a late-arriving scattered Love wave that has been delayed by the very slow path across the shallow valley structure.

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The San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC), in continued partnership with the San Francisco Bay Long Term Management Strategies (LTMS) Agencies, is undertaking the development of a Regional Sediment Management Plan for the San Francisco Bay estuary and its watershed (estuary). Regional sediment management (RSM) is the integrated management of littoral, estuarine, and riverine sediments to achieve balanced and sustainable solutions to sediment related needs. Regional sediment management recognizes sediment as a resource. Sediment processes are important components of coastal and riverine systems that are integral to environmental and economic vitality. It relies on the context of the sediment system and forecasting the long-range effects of management actions when making local project decisions. In the San Francisco Bay estuary, the sediment system includes the Sacramento and San Joaquin delta, the bay, its local tributaries and the near shore coastal littoral cell. Sediment flows from the top of the watershed, much like water, to the coast, passing through rivers, marshes, and embayments on its way to the ocean. Like water, sediment is vital to these habitats and their inhabitants, providing nutrients and the building material for the habitat itself. When sediment erodes excessively or is impounded behind structures, the sediment system becomes imbalanced, and rivers become clogged or conversely, shorelines, wetlands and subtidal habitats erode. The sediment system continues to change in response both to natural processes and human activities such as climate change and shoreline development. Human activities that influence the sediment system include flood protection programs, watershed management, navigational dredging, aggregate mining, shoreline development, terrestrial, riverine, wetland, and subtidal habitat restoration, and beach nourishment. As observed by recent scientific analysis, the San Francisco Bay estuary system is changing from one that was sediment rich to one that is erosional. Such changes, in conjunction with increasing sea level rise due to climate change, require that the estuary sediment and sediment transport system be managed as a single unit. To better manage the system, its components, and human uses of the system, additional research and knowledge of the system is needed. Fortunately, new sediment science and modeling tools provide opportunities for a vastly improved understanding of the sediment system, predictive capabilities and analysis of potential individual and cumulative impacts of projects. As science informs management decisions, human activities and management strategies may need to be modified to protect and provide for existing and future infrastructure and ecosystem needs. (PDF contains 3 pages)

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Ocean observing has been recognized by the US Commission on Ocean Policy, the Ocean Research and Resources Advisory Panel, the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative, and many other ocean policy entities and initiatives as foundational to meeting the nation’s need for more effective coastal and ocean management. The Interim Report of the Interagency Task Force on Ocean Policy (September 2009) has called for strengthening the nation’s capacity for observing the nation’s ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes systems. (PDF contains 3 pages)