Adherence to therapeuthic regimen and metabolic control of type 1 diabetes

Abstract Objectives: To assess the adherence to therapeutic regimen; to determine the Hemoglobin Glycation Index (HbA1c); to analyse the relationship that exists between the adherence to therapeutic regimen and metabolic control. Design: correlational analytical study, carried out according to a cross-sectional perspective. Participants: A non-probabilistic sample of 266 people with type 1 diabetes aged between 18 and 78 years old (mean M = 51.02 �� SD = 18.710), attending follow-up diabetes consultations. Mostly male individuals (51.88%), with low schooling level (50.75% had only inished elementar school). Measuring Instruments: We used the following data collection tools: a questionnaire on clinical and socio-demographic data, blood analysis of venous blood to determine the glycated hemoglobin level (HbA1c).Three self-report scales were used: Accession to Diabetes Treatment (Matos, 1999), Self-perception Scale (Vaz Serra, 1986) and Social Support Scale (Matos & Rodrigues, 2000). Results: In a sample in which the mean disease duration is 12.75 years, 69.17% of the sample run glycemic control tests between once a day and four times a year and 42.86% of them undergo insulin treatment. In the last 3 weeks, 26.32% of these people have experienced an average of 4.22 to 44.36%, hypoglycemic crises and experienced an average of 6.18 hyperglycemic crises. 57% of the individuals have showed a poor metabolic control (mean HbA1c higher than 7.5% (HbA1c mean M ��� 7.50%). The mean psychosocial proile revealed individuals who show a decent self-esteem (M = 70.81) and acceptable social support (M = 58.89). Conclusions: The results suggest we should develop a kind of investigation that could be used to monitor the strenght of the mediation effect effect of the psychosocial predictive dimension of the adherence, since it has become essential to support a multidisciplinary approach which center lays in the promotion of a co-responsible self-management from the person who suffers from diabetes. This will enable a better quality of life; fewer years of people���s lives lost prematurely and a better health with less economical costs for citizens and healthcare systems.

Att redovisa humankapital i konsultf��retags ��rsredovisningar : ��r det m��jligt?

Att f��retag ska visa en s�� r��ttvisande bild av sin verksamhet som m��jligt i ��rsredovisningarna har blivit ett allm��nt accepterat faktum. Den h��r studien behandlar och granskar om och hur konsultf��retag redovisar sitt humankapital samt om det ��r m��jligt att komplettera ��rsredovisningen med en icke obligatorisk humankapitalsv��rderingsmodell, likt hur GRI fungerar idag. ��Syftet med uppsatsen ��r s��ledes att f��rklara hur konsultfirmor hanterar redovisning av humankapital, samt att baserat p�� det ge f��rslag till kompletteringar till ��rsredovisningen som g��r ��rsredovisningen mer r��ttvisande. ��I den teoretiska referensramen presenteras olika definitioner samt tidigare forskning inom redovisning, redovisning av humankapital samt de vanligaste f��rslagen till humankapitalsv��rderingsmodeller. I studien har det brukats en kvalitativ metod med redskapen; personlig intervju, mejlintervju samt dokumentinsamling. ��Analysen fokuserar p�� vad det arbete som bedrivs idag i konsultf��retag med humankapitalsredovisning inneb��r samt vad som eventuellt kan till��ggas det redan existerande arbetet. I analysen behandlas ��ven konsultf��retagens ��sikter ang��ende de humankapitalsv��rderingsmodeller som finns. ��Exempel p�� viktiga slutsatser som kan dras av analyskapitlet ��r att det med absolut s��kerhet kan s��gas att det finns en m��jlighet och en vilja fr��n konsultf��retag att komplettera ��rsredovisningar med humankapitalsv��rderingsmodeller. Anledningen till att v��rderingsmodellen l��ggs som komplement ��r att det ��r sv��rt att inf��ra humankapitalsv��rderingsmodeller i den officiella ��rsredovisningen, med tanke p�� r��dande v��rderingsprinciper f��r tillg��ngar.��

Educated to Learn : How to enhance the education of computer science and informatics

The very nature of computer science with its constant changes forces those who wish to follow to adapt and react quickly. Large companies invest in being up to date in order to generate revenue and stay active on the market. Universities, on the other hand, need to imply same practices of staying up to date with industry needs in order to produce industry ready engineers. By interviewing former students, now engineers in the industry, and current university staff this thesis aims to learn if there is space for enhancing the education through different lecturing approaches and/or curriculum adaptation and development. In order to address these concerns a qualitative research has been conducted, focusing on data collection obtained through semi-structured live world interviews. The method used follows the seven stages of research interviewing introduced by Kvale and focuses on collecting and preparing relevant data for analysis. The collected data is transcribed, refined, and further on analyzed in the ���Findings and analysis��� chapter. The focus of analyzing was answering the three research questions; learning how higher education impacts a Computer Science and Informatics Engineers��� job, how to better undergo the transition from studies to working in the industry and how to develop a curriculum that helps support the previous two. Unaltered quoted extracts are presented and individually analyzed. To paint a better picture a theme-wise analysis is presented summing valuable themes that were repeated throughout the interviewing phase. The findings obtained imply that there are several factors directly influencing the quality of education. From the student side, it mostly concerns expectation and dedication involving studies, and from the university side it is commitment to the curriculum development process. Due to the time and resource limitations this research provides findings conducted on a narrowed scope, although it can serve as a great foundation for further development; possibly as a PhD research.

Journalisation dans un Programme de carri��re en nouveaux m��dias : Le r��le de la r��flexion par l���action

The purpose of this case study is to report on the use of learning journals as a strategy to encourage critical reflection in the field of graphic design. Very little empirical research has been published regarding the use of critical reflection in learning journals in this field. Furthermore, nothing has been documented at the college level. To that end, the goal of this research endeavor was to investigate whether second-year students in the NewMedia and Publication Design Program at a small Anglophone CEGEP in Qu��bec, enrolled in a Page Layout and Design course, learn more deeply by reflecting in action during design projects or reflecting on action after completing design projects. Secondarily, indications of a possible change in self-efficacy were examined. Two hypotheses were posited: 1) reflection-on-action journaling will promote a deeper approach to learning than reflection-in-action journaling, and 2) the level of self-efficacy in graphic design improves as students are encouraged to think reflectively. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, a mixed methods approach was used to collect and analyze the data. Content analysis of journal entries and interview responses was the primary method used to address the first hypothesis. Students were required to journal twice for each of three projects, once during the project and again one week after the project had been submitted. In addition, data regarding the students' perception of journaling was obtained through administering a survey and conducting interviews. For the second hypothesis, quantitative methods were used through the use of two surveys, one administered early in the Fall 2011 semester and the second administered early in the Winter 2012 semester. Supplementary data regarding self-efficacy was obtained in the form of content analysis of journal entries and interviews. Coded journal entries firmly supported the hypothesis that reflection-on-action journaling promotes deep learning. Using a taxonomy developed by Kember et al. (1999) wherein "critical reflection" is considered the highest level of reflection, it was found that only 5% of the coded responses in the reflection-in-action journals were deemed of the highest level, whereas 39% were considered critical reflection in the reflection-on-action journals. The findings from the interviews suggest that students had some initial concerns about the value of journaling, but these concerns were later dismissed as students learned that journaling was a valuable tool that helped them reflect and learn. All participants indicated that journaling changed their learning processes as they thought much more about what they were doing while they were doing it. They were taking the learning they had acquired and thinking about how they would apply it to new projects; this is critical reflection. The survey findings did not support the conclusive results of the comparison of journal instruments, where an increase of 35% in critical reflection was noted in the reflection-on-action journals. In Chapter 5, reasons for this incongruence are explored. Furthermore, based on the journals, surveys, and interviews, there is not enough evidence at this time to support the hypothesis that self-efficacy improves when students are encouraged to think reflectively. It could be hypothesized, however, that one's self-efficacy does not change in such a short period of time. In conclusion, the findings established in this case study make a practical contribution to the literature concerning the promotion of deep learning in the field of graphic design, as this researcher's hypothesis was supported that reflection-on-action journaling promoted deeper learning than reflection-in-action journaling. When examining the increases in critical reflection from reflection-in-action to the reflection-on-action journals, it was found that all students but one showed an increase in critical reflection in reflection-on-action journals. It is therefore recommended that production-oriented program instructors consider integrating reflection-on-action journaling into their courses where projects are given.

Patolog��as lumbares: determinaci��n de los factores ocupacionales y carga prestacional en una entidad promotora de salud en Bogot��

Resumen: Introducci��n El dolor lumbar es un trastorno m��sculo esquel��tico que afecta la parte baja de la espalda, considerado como un problema de salud p��blica y catalogado como un desastre en el sitio de trabajo, se encuentra en las 10 primeras causas de enfermedad profesional reportadas por las entidades prestadoras de servicios de salud, generando ausentismo y discapacidad laboral en los pa��ses industrializados, con costos que oscilan de los 20 mil a los 98 millones de d��lares en los Estados Unidos. Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de patolog��as lumbares calificadas y sus factores ocupacionales asociados en una entidad promotora de salud de Bogot�� Colombia durante 2013 al 2014. Metodolog��a Se realiz�� un estudio de corte transversal con datos secundarios pertenecientes a 318 pacientes de una entidad promotora de salud en la ciudad de Bogot�� que fueron diagnosticados con patolog��as lumbares (lumbalgia-lumbago, discopat��a lumbar, trastorno de disco intervertebral, espondilolistesis, espondil��lisis, hernia discal), y remitidos a medicina laboral o solicitaron calificaci��n de origen en primera oportunidad, en el periodo comprendido entre el a��o 2013 al 2014. Las variables incluidas fueron sociodemogr��ficas, ocupacionales y diagn��sticos m��dicos, espec��ficamente patolog��as lumbares. Se realiz�� distribuciones de frecuencias, medidas de tendencia central y dispersi��n, an��lisis de asociaci��n mediante la prueba Chi cuadrado de Pearson y un an��lisis multivariado a trav��s del modelo de regresi��n binaria log��stica y el an��lisis de concordancia usando el ��ndice de Kappa. Para las pruebas se utiliz�� un nivel de significaci��n de 0,05. Se digit�� y depur�� en SPSS versi��n 23. Resultado El total de usuarios diagnosticados con patolog��as lumbares fue de 318 de los cuales el 57,2% fueron de sexo masculino con edad promedio de 43 a��os (D.E 7,9 a��os). Se encontr�� asociaci��n significativa entre lumbalgia y movimientos de columna lumbar y levantamiento de carga (p<0,05); discopat��a lumbar y movimientos de columna lumbar y factores multicausales (p<0,05); trastorno de disco intervertebral y factores multicausales (p<0.05), hernia de disco y levantamiento de cargas (p<0,05). Respecto a espondilolistesis y espondil��lisis no se encontr�� asociaci��n con ning��n factor de riesgo, pero si se encontr�� asociaci��n significativa entre origen y movimientos de columna lumbar (p= 0.010), con postura mantenida (p= 0.014), con causas multifactoriales (p= 0.000). El grado de concordancia entre la entidad promotora de salud y la administradora de riesgos laborales arroj�� un valor en el ��ndice de kappa de 0.432 (p= 0.000) correspondiendo a un grado de acuerdo moderado; para la concordancia entre la entidad promotora de salud y la junta de calificaci��n el ��ndice de kappa fue de 0.680 (p= 0.000) grado de acuerdo alto. Conclusi��n Las patolog��as lumbares tienen un alta prevalencia en la poblaci��n trabajadora como en la no trabajadora, encontr��ndose un gran n��mero de factores condicionantes a estas enfermedades generando altos costos en d��as perdidos laborales y en d��as de incapacidad: Por lo tanto, es importante determinar si estas son catalogadas de origen com��n o de origen laboral, para establecer programas de vigilancia epidemiol��gica y programas preventivos.

Retos en el cumplimiento del protocolo de Palermo. Estudio de caso: trata de personas con fines de explotaci��n sexual en Colombia

El presente estudio de caso tiene como objetivo analizar los retos frente al cumplimiento del Protocolo de Palermo, en materia de explotaci��n sexual, en el Sistema Institucional Colombiano, durante el per��odo comprendido entre los a��os 2003 y 2014. De manera preliminar se indica que dichos retos son pol��tico-jur��dicos en cuanto a la manera en la que se cumplen los tratados internacionales, las obligaciones derivadas de ellos y qui��nes tienen competencia para desarrollar los mandatos contenidos en los mismos. Igualmente existen retos institucionales y organizacionales pues Colombia carece de una estructura organizacional clara y la coordinaci��n inter-agencial es escasa en materia de trata. En este sentido, esta investigaci��n tiene un enfoque multidisciplinar, puesto que combina aspectos propios tanto del Derecho Internacional P��blico como de las Relaciones Internacionales. Para ello, se har�� un an��lisis cualitativo por medio del an��lisis de datos y de literatura acad��mica respecto a la trata de personas en Colombia, con el fin de lograr comprender con mayor precisi��n el panorama actual del pa��s respecto al flagelo.

Colombia como referente en la lucha contra las drogas : perspectivas de la cooperaci��n con ��frica Occidental

Este estudio de caso se realiza con el objetivo de analizar c��mo la cooperaci��n entre Colombia y ��frica occidental en la lucha contra el tr��fico de drogas repercute en la imagen del Estado colombiano como referente en esfuerzos antinarc��ticos desde la periferia. En consecuencia, se busca conocer la forma en la cual los acuerdos bilaterales interinstitucionales, la participaci��n en foros y la creaci��n de una agenda internacional de lucha contra las drogas para un escenario nacional transformado, configuran la imagen del Estado colombiano. Para tal objetivo, el trabajo se desarrollar�� a trav��s de los conceptos de identidad de Alexander Wendt, periferia de Mohammed Ayoob y Cooperaci��n Sur-Sur de la Organizaci��n de Naciones Unidas y la Agencia Presidencial de Cooperaci��n Internacional de Colombia.

Factor effects affecting the performance of pantaneiro horses.

Pantaneiro horses were submitted to a performance test.

Participant association and emergent curriculum in a MOOC: can the community be the curriculum?

We investigated how participants associated with each other and developed community in a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) about Rhizomatic Learning (Rhizo14). We compared learner experiences in two social networking sites (SNSs), Facebook and Twitter. Our combination of thematic analysis of qualitative survey data with analysis of participant observation, activity data, archives and visualisation of SNS data enabled us to reach a deeper understanding of participant perspectives and explore SNS use. Community was present in the course title and understood differently by participants. In the absence of explanation or discussion about community early in the MOOC, a controversy between participants about course expectations emerged that created oppositional discourse. Fall off in activity in MOOCs is common and was evident in Rhizo14. As the course progressed, fewer participants were active in Facebook and some participants reported feelings of exclusion. Despite this, activity in Facebook increased overall. The top 10 most active participants were responsible for 47% of total activity. In the Rhizo14 MOOC, both community and curriculum were expected to emerge within the course. We suggest that there are tensions and even contradictions between ���Community Is the Curriculum��� and Deleuze and Guattari's principles of the rhizome, mainly focussed on an absence of heterogeneity. These tensions may be exacerbated by SNSs that use algorithmic streams. We propose the use of networking approaches that enable negotiation and exchange to encourage heterogeneity rather than emergent definition of community.

Evaluation and management of demersal stocks in the Adriatic: the case of common sole (Solea solea, L.) in the northern and central Adriatic Sea

This PhD thesis aimed to assess the status of common sole, one of the main commercial stocks in the Adriatic Sea, using a mix of conventional and innovative techniques to provide more reliable estimates of stock status compared to past advice. First, a meta-analysis was carried out using data-poor assessment model to analyze the whole catch assemblage of rapido fishery. The outcomes were used to estimate rebuilding time and forecast catches under different harvest control rule scenarios, with a reduction of 20% of fishing effort being suggested as a way to allow most of the species to recover to sustainable levels. Secondly, an ensemble of data-rich assessment models was developed to better incorporate uncertainty by using alternative hypotheses of main parameters. This was the first time an ensemble of models has been used in the Mediterranean to provide management advice. Consistent with data-poor analysis results, the ensemble outcomes indicated that the common sole stock was showing a recovering trend probably due to the effective management actions underway in the area rather than the moderate effort reduction according to the actual management plan. Moreover, back-calculation measurements were used to fit and compare monophasic and biphasic growth curves through the use of non-linear mixed effects models. The analyses revealed that the fitting of the biphasic curve was superior, confirming the theory that growth in size would decrease as a consequence of reproductive effort. A stock assessment simulation showed how the use of the monophasic pattern would result in a critical overestimation of biomass that could lead to a greater risk of overfishing. As a final step, a simulation-testing procedure was applied to determine the best performing reference points using stock-specific characteristic. The procedure could be routinely adopted to increase transparency in reference points calculation enhancing the credibility of scientific advice.

Essays in development and political economy

This thesis includes three papers studying diverse questions in development, economic history and political economy. The first two chapters, that fall under development and economic history, use novel forms of text data and analysis to answer the questions at hand. The first chapter studies the possible impact of a historically matrilineal and matrilocal caste group on present day outcomes of gender equality. It introduces a novel surname strategy using electoral data to deduce caste from the surnames of electors and overcomes the unavailability of caste data. It shows proof of persistence of caste in space. And finally, following a matching exercise it concludes that the effect of the matrilineal and matrilocal caste on present day gender outcomes might not be as strong as previously believed. The second paper studies how discriminatory fake news arises and spatially diffuses. It focuses on India at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic: on March 30, a Muslim convention (the Tablighi Jamaat) in New Delhi became publicly recognized as a COVID hotspot, and the next day, fake news on Muslims intentionally spreading the virus spiked. Using Twitter data, it finds, in cross-sectional and difference-in-difference settings, that discriminatory fake news became much more widespread after March 30 (1) in New Delhi, (2) in districts closer to New Delhi, and (3) in districts with higher social media interactions with New Delhi. Further, it shows that, after March 30, discriminatory fake news was more common in districts historically exposed to attacks by Muslim groups. The final paper is a political economy paper that studies the short term and long term effect of earlier eligibility on voting in the context of a large North Italian municipality setting with little institutional barriers to voting. It also studies the differing mobilisation of members in the same household by newly eligible voters.

GUI design for in-car message diagnosis

Electronics needs communication to serve the vehicular world, to let all ECUs to com- municate with each other are needed buses, each bus serves different stuffs and is able to communicate. In the evolution of automotive architecture, integration of multiple func- tionalities in a single ECU will be one of the key aspects. The analysis of in-vehicle data, both for diagnosis and study-case of a particular behaviour, is the basis for future���s technologies and applications. Starting from these ideas, the need of creating a correlation between the Vehicle state and the anomaly. In order to create a link among them, has been created an interface able to simplify the in-car diagnosis and creating a link among vehicle stateand anomaly, looking also to the study-case of the driver's behaviour.

Iis--integrated Interactome System: A Web-based Platform For The Annotation, Analysis And Visualization Of Protein-metabolite-gene-drug Interactions By Integrating A Variety Of Data Sources And Tools.

High-throughput screening of physical, genetic and chemical-genetic interactions brings important perspectives in the Systems Biology field, as the analysis of these interactions provides new insights into protein/gene function, cellular metabolic variations and the validation of therapeutic targets and drug design. However, such analysis depends on a pipeline connecting different tools that can automatically integrate data from diverse sources and result in a more comprehensive dataset that can be properly interpreted. We describe here the Integrated Interactome System (IIS), an integrative platform with a web-based interface for the annotation, analysis and visualization of the interaction profiles of proteins/genes, metabolites and drugs of interest. IIS works in four connected modules: (i) Submission module, which receives raw data derived from Sanger sequencing (e.g. two-hybrid system); (ii) Search module, which enables the user to search for the processed reads to be assembled into contigs/singlets, or for lists of proteins/genes, metabolites and drugs of interest, and add them to the project; (iii) Annotation module, which assigns annotations from several databases for the contigs/singlets or lists of proteins/genes, generating tables with automatic annotation that can be manually curated; and (iv) Interactome module, which maps the contigs/singlets or the uploaded lists to entries in our integrated database, building networks that gather novel identified interactions, protein and metabolite expression/concentration levels, subcellular localization and computed topological metrics, GO biological processes and KEGG pathways enrichment. This module generates a XGMML file that can be imported into Cytoscape or be visualized directly on the web. We have developed IIS by the integration of diverse databases following the need of appropriate tools for a systematic analysis of physical, genetic and chemical-genetic interactions. IIS was validated with yeast two-hybrid, proteomics and metabolomics datasets, but it is also extendable to other datasets. IIS is freely available online at: http://www.lge.ibi.unicamp.br/lnbio/IIS/.

Spatial analysis of urban violence based on emergency room data

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the spatial intensity of urban violence events using wavelet-based methods and emergency room data. METHODS: Information on victims attended at the emergency room of a public hospital in the city of S��o Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, from January 1, 2002 to January 11, 2003 were obtained from hospital records. The spatial distribution of 3,540 events was recorded and a uniform random procedure was used to allocate records with incomplete addresses. Point processes and wavelet analysis technique were used to estimate the spatial intensity, defined as the expected number of events by unit area. RESULTS: Of all georeferenced points, 59% were accidents and 40% were assaults. There is a non-homogeneous spatial distribution of the events with high concentration in two districts and three large avenues in the southern area of the city of S��o Paulo. CONCLUSIONS: Hospital records combined with methodological tools to estimate intensity of events are useful to study urban violence. The wavelet analysis is useful in the computation of the expected number of events and their respective confidence bands for any sub-region and, consequently, in the specification of risk estimates that could be used in decision-making processes for public policies.

Qualitative Analysis of the Interdisciplinary Interaction between Data Analysis Specialists and Novice Clinical Researchers

Background: The inherent complexity of statistical methods and clinical phenomena compel researchers with diverse domains of expertise to work in interdisciplinary teams, where none of them have a complete knowledge in their counterpart's field. As a result, knowledge exchange may often be characterized by miscommunication leading to misinterpretation, ultimately resulting in errors in research and even clinical practice. Though communication has a central role in interdisciplinary collaboration and since miscommunication can have a negative impact on research processes, to the best of our knowledge, no study has yet explored how data analysis specialists and clinical researchers communicate over time. Methods/Principal Findings: We conducted qualitative analysis of encounters between clinical researchers and data analysis specialists (epidemiologist, clinical epidemiologist, and data mining specialist). These encounters were recorded and systematically analyzed using a grounded theory methodology for extraction of emerging themes, followed by data triangulation and analysis of negative cases for validation. A policy analysis was then performed using a system dynamics methodology looking for potential interventions to improve this process. Four major emerging themes were found. Definitions using lay language were frequently employed as a way to bridge the language gap between the specialties. Thought experiments presented a series of ""what if'' situations that helped clarify how the method or information from the other field would behave, if exposed to alternative situations, ultimately aiding in explaining their main objective. Metaphors and analogies were used to translate concepts across fields, from the unfamiliar to the familiar. Prolepsis was used to anticipate study outcomes, thus helping specialists understand the current context based on an understanding of their final goal. Conclusion/Significance: The communication between clinical researchers and data analysis specialists presents multiple challenges that can lead to errors.