Discovery of Highly Excited Long-Lived Isomers in Neutron-Rich Hafnium and Tantalum Isotopes through Direct Mass Measurements

A study of cooled Au-197 projectile-fragmentation products has been performed with a storage ring. This has enabled metastable nuclear excitations with energies up to 3 MeV, and half-lives extending to minutes or longer, to be identified in the neutron-rich nuclides Hf-183,Hf-184,Hf-186 and Ta-186,Ta-187. The results support the prediction of a strongly favored isomer region near neutron number 116.

DNA重离子辐照敏感性序列的探索

DNA是辐射损伤的关键靶分子．有关高LET射线诱导的D＼A双链断裂（DSB）的机理之一，即DNA上是否存在辐射敏感性序列己逐步成为辐射生物学研究的热点基于重离子对DNA损伤的重要性和复杂性，刘DNA DSB非随机分布现象和DNA上是否存在敏感性序列，口前仍颇有争议，对其机理没有统一的解释．木论文瞄准DNA辐照敏感性这一前沿课题，从实验和理论两个方面进行研究．本研究的两个主要目的：1．实验卜用重离子对体外D狱照射，验证垂离子诱导的DSB非随机分布．2．理论上建立模型，揭示DNA簇损伤机理，预测。SB的分布．实验的材料与方法：采用兰州重离子加速器装置引出的7.19MeV/u20UNe7+，5.19 MeV/u 22No2+离了辐照质粒DNA．对辐照样晶，采用凝胶电泳分析！〕M链断裂分布；采用红外技术分析DM的微观损伤．理论模型：对DSB非随机分布机理提出假设：一方面与重离子在其径迹周围产生的人量低能次级电子有关；另一方而与DNA碱基的化学性质以及碱基的排列特征有关，即DNA上存在敏感性序列．建立了DNA吸附低能电子共振激发引起D＼A损伤模型，探索了将量子化学从头计算用在DNA损伤机理的研究中．结果：1．电泳结梁证实了DSB片断的非随机性分布，结果还发现，大剂量照射时DNA出现严重的交联，剂量越大交联产额越高，而且交联片断分布也是非随机的．2．红外分析发现DNA上关键基团的特征峰振动强度随剂量的增加而增加，剂量效应明显．3．得出了质粒DNA三种形式变化与剂量的关系。4.掌握了基于LinLlx系统的Trax对重离子深度剂量模拟．5．用量子化学计算了小分子的电子激发势能面以及DNA上小官能团，以及寡核营酸的化学性质．

Cluster assistant generation of C2+ and C3+ ions in nanosecond laser ionization of seeded benzene beam

Cluster assisted photoionization processes of benzene, which was seeded in argon, induced by an intense 25 ns Nd-YAG laser has been studied by means of time-of-flight mass spectrometry. At the laser intensity of 10(11) W/cm(2), multicharged ions Cq+ (q = 2-3) with kinetic energy up to 150 eV were observed in the mass spectra. Strong evidences Support that these ions are formed in the Coulomb explosion of multicharged benzene cluster ions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

白菜乳酸菌混菌发酵的研究

研究了大白菜乳酸菌乳链球菌DM 2 2和植物乳杆菌UM 2 2混合发酵中的生长和产酸以及环境因子的影响 ,并对混菌发酵的风味物质作了分析。结果表明 :混菌发酵中 ,DM2 2在发酵前期生长迅速 ,是优势菌群 ,而UM2 2在发酵后期占主导 ;发酵温度、发酵剂组成以及发酵液盐浓度都会显著影响混合发酵中菌的产酸代谢 ;发酵风味物质与单菌发酵区别明显。

Degradation mechanism of polystyrene sulfonic acid membrane and application of its composite membranes in fuel cells

The lifetime behavior of a H-2/O-2 proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell with polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) membrane have been investigated in order to give an insight into the degradation mechanism of the PSSA membrane. The distribution of sulfur concentration in the cross section of the PSSA membrane was measured by energy dispersive analysis of X-ray, and the chemical composition of the PSSA membrane was characterized by infrared spectroscopy before and after the lifetime experiment. The degradation mechanism of the PSSA membrane is postulated as: the oxygen reduction at the cathode proceeds through some peroxide intermediates during the fuel cell operation, and these intermediates have strong oxidative ability and may chemically attack the tertiary hydrogen at the a carbon of the PSSA; the degradation of the PSSA membrane mainly takes place at the cathode side of the cell, and the loss of the aromatic rings and the SO3- groups simultaneously occurs from the PSSA membrane. A new kind of the PSSA-Nafion composite membrane, where the Nafion membrane is bonded with the PSSA membrane and located at the cathode of the cell, was designed to prevent oxidation degradation of the PSSA membrane in fuel cells. The performances of fuel cells with PSSA-Nafion101 and PSSA-recast Nafion composite membranes are demonstrated to be stable after 835 h and 240 h, respectively.

Nafion/PTFE composite membranes for fuel cell applications

Porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes were used as support material for Nafion((R))/PTFE composite membranes. The composite membranes were synthesized by impregnating porous PTFE membranes with a self-made Nafion solution. The resulting composite membranes were mechanically durable and quite thin relative to traditional perfluorosulfonated ionomer membranes (PFSI); we expect the composite membranes to be of low resistance and cost. In this study, we used three kinds of porous PTFE films to prepare Nafion/PTFE composite membranes of different thickness. Scanning electron micrographs and oxygen permeabilities showed that Nafion resin is distributed uniformly in the composite membrane and completely plug the micropores, there is a continuous thin Nation film present on the PTFE surface. The variation in water content of the composite and Nafion 115 membranes with temperature was determined. At the same temperature, water content of the composite membranes was smaller than that of the Nafion 115. In both dry and wet conditions, maximum strength and break strength of C-325(#) and C-345(#) were larger than those of Nafion 112 due to the reinforcing effect of the porous PTFE films. And the PEMFC performances and the lifetime of the composite membranes were also tested on the self-made apparatus. Results showed that the bigger the porosity of the substrate PTFE films, the better the fuel cell performance; the fuel cell performances of the thin composite membranes were superior to that of Nation 115 membrane; and after 180 h stability test at 500 mA/cm(2), the cell voltage showed no obvious drop. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

Affinity membrane chromatography for the analysis and purification of proteins

Affinity chromatography is unique among separation methods as it is the only technique that permits the purification of proteins based on biological functions rather than individual physical or chemical properties. The high specificity of affinity chromatography is due to the strong interaction between the ligand and the proteins of interest. Membrane separation allows the processing of a large amount of sample in a relatively short time owing to its structure, which provides a system with rapid reaction kinetics. The integration of membrane and affinity chromatography provides a number of advantages over traditional affinity chromatography with porous-bead packed columns, especially with regard to time and recovery of activity. This review gives detailed descriptions of materials used as membrane substrates, preparation of basic membranes, coupling of affinity ligands to membrane supports, and categories of affinity membrane cartridges. It also summarizes the applications of cellulose/glycidyl methacrylate composite membranes for proteins separation developed in our laboratory. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.