Inser����o profissional: os desafios nos primeiros anos de ensino

A problem��tica da inser����o profissional dos novos professores tem sido largamente estudada sob v��rias perspetivas das quais destacamos, as dificuldades enfrentadas no in��cio do seu desempenho como docentes (Alen y Sardi, 2009) Krichesky y Merodo (2009), o vinculo entre inser����o e identidade profissional (Martineau y Portelance, 2005), o desenvolvimento da compet��ncia ��tica nos novos professores (St. Vincent 2011) e as trajet��rias de emprego, entre outras.Os resultados destas pesquisas t��m revelado o tipo de problemas enfrentados pelos novos professores �� entrada na carreira docente e confirmado que nem todos os percursos se iniciam de modo tranquilo e sereno. �� esta a problem��tica que serve de base ao objeto de estudo desta disserta����o, pretendendo-se mais precisamente, centrar a nossa pesquisa no percurso profissional de seis professores diplomados pela Escola Superior de Educa����o de Lisboa h�� dois anos. O objetivo geral do estudo ��, assim, descrever e compreender o desenvolvimento profissional desses professores, identificar as dimens��es mais relevantes, os fatores que o condicionam e os contextos que o limitam ou facilitam. Tendo em conta o objeto de estudo identificaram-se as seguintes quest��es: 1) Quais as implica����es da forma����o inicial no desempenho da profiss��o? 2) Quais as principais dificuldades / problemas com que se defrontaram os novos professores na inser����o na profiss��o?; 3) Como atuam os professores principiantes?; O que mudam nas suas pr��ticas, o que perdura?; 4) Como se incrementa o sentimento de perten��a ao novo grupo profissional?; 5) Quais as particularidades dos contextos de trabalho em que estes professores se encontram integrados que se revelam facilitadoras e/ou constrangedoras da sua inser����o profissional? Para o efeito recorremos a uma metodologia qualitativa, e privilegi��mos como t��cnica de recolha de dados a entrevista semiestruturada. Para o tratamento dos dados sustent��mo-nos na an��lise de conte��do seguindo os passos recomendados para a an��lise de conte��do (Bardin, 2009). Os resultados do estudo permitiram identificar os constrangimentos experimentados por estes professores �� entrada da profiss��o, assim como os modos como os ultrapassaram. Destes, destacam-se dificuldades relacionadas com a falta de autonomia, com aspetos de natureza metodol��gica, ao n��vel da organiza����o e desenvolvimento curricular e de relacionamento com os elementos da dire����o das institui����es nos contextos de trabalho.Abstract The issue of employability of new teachers has been widely studied from various perspectives. Research has revealed the sort of problems faced by new teachers at the beginning of their career. It confirms that frequently it is not a peaceful and serene start. We highlight the following difficulties: the link between integration and professional identity (Alen y Sardi, 2009; Krichesky y Merodo, 2009), the development of ethical competence in new teachers (y Portelance Martineau, 2005), and the professional path (St. Vincent 2011). This is the hypothesis explored in this thesis. Specifically, we focus our research on the career of six graduate teachers by the Lisbon School of Education. The main objective is to describe and understand the professional development of these teachers. For that we identify the most relevant dimensions, the factors that constrain and contexts that limit or facilitate their development. A qualitative methodology was used throughout the study. Semi structured interviews were the main data collection process. Data treatment followed the recommended framework for content analysis (Bardin, 2009). The following research questions were put forward: 1) What are the impacts of base level of knowledge in the professional performance? 2) What are the main difficulties / problems that new teachers face? 3) How do novice teachers perform? What changes in their methods, what endures? 4) What increases the feeling of belonging to the new professional group? 5) What are the peculiarities of work contexts that act as facilitators and/or barriers to professional acceptance? The results allowed identifying the constraints experienced by teachers at the beginning of their careers, and the ways to surpass them. We highlight the difficulties related to: lack of autonomy; methodologies; curricular organization and development; and the relationship with the directors at their workplace.

Activation timing of soleus and tibialis anterior muscles during sit-to-stand and stand to sit in post-stroke vs healthy subjects

O documento em anexo encontra-se na vers��o post-print (vers��o corrigida pelo editor).

Constru����o de vantagens competitivas nas estrat��gias de internacionaliza����o: estudo do caso da EFACEC

Disserta����o apresentada ao Instituto Polit��cnico do Porto para obten����o do Grau de Mestre em Gest��o das Organiza����es, Ramo de Gest��o de Empresas Orientador: Professor Doutor Orlando Manuel Martins Marques de Lima Rua

Fatores influenciadores da gest��o da qualidade e independ��ncia do auditor: um estudo de caso

Disserta����o apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Contabilidade para obten����o do Grau de Mestre em Auditoria Orientada por: Doutora Alcina Dias

Knowledge extraction from medium voltage load diagrams to support the definition of electrical tariffs

With the electricity market liberalization, distribution and retail companies are looking for better market strategies based on adequate information upon the consumption patterns of its electricity customers. In this environment all consumers are free to choose their electricity supplier. A fair insight on the customer��s behaviour will permit the definition of specific contract aspects based on the different consumption patterns. In this paper Data Mining (DM) techniques are applied to electricity consumption data from a utility client���s database. To form the different customer��s classes, and find a set of representative consumption patterns, we have used the Two-Step algorithm which is a hierarchical clustering algorithm. Each consumer class will be represented by its load profile resulting from the clustering operation. Next, to characterize each consumer class a classification model will be constructed with the C5.0 classification algorithm.

Symbolic Knowledge Extraction from Trained Neural Networks Governed by Lukasiewicz Logics

This work describes a methodology to extract symbolic rules from trained neural networks. In our approach, patterns on the network are codified using formulas on a Lukasiewicz logic. For this we take advantage of the fact that every connective in this multi-valued logic can be evaluated by a neuron in an artificial network having, by activation function the identity truncated to zero and one. This fact simplifies symbolic rule extraction and allows the easy injection of formulas into a network architecture. We trained this type of neural network using a back-propagation algorithm based on Levenderg-Marquardt algorithm, where in each learning iteration, we restricted the knowledge dissemination in the network structure. This makes the descriptive power of produced neural networks similar to the descriptive power of Lukasiewicz logic language, minimizing the information loss on the translation between connectionist and symbolic structures. To avoid redundance on the generated network, the method simplifies them in a pruning phase, using the "Optimal Brain Surgeon" algorithm. We tested this method on the task of finding the formula used on the generation of a given truth table. For real data tests, we selected the Mushrooms data set, available on the UCI Machine Learning Repository.

Feedback regarding students initial pharmaceutical internship from the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca

Introduction/Aims: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the perception of the organization, the development and the evaluation of the initial stage in the internship of students, in order to improve these activities and to establish the adequate objectives in accordance with the changes concerning the concept of modern pharmacy. Materials and methods: An online survey was made using Google Docs �� -Create Form extension. All results were accumulated and computed using Microsoft Excel ��. The questionnaire consisted of 11 questions, structured on several levels: the objectives and how they can be achieved, internship organization, the internship training (effective participation in specific activities and integration in the pharmaceutical activity), the assessment, the profile of tutor / pharmacy. The questionnaire was completed by students from the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Ha��ieganu" Cluj Napoca, Romania. Results and discussions. The study was conducted on 308 students (60% of all students from the study years II-IV. 90% of the respondents had actually participated in the internship, whilst 10% only formally participated in this activity. The main responsibilities of the students were: storage and reception of pharmaceutical products (94%, respectively 79%) and working with the receipts (57%). Most of the students appreciate that they were integrated into the work in the pharmacy, this being due largely pharmacist tutor, who expressed interest and ability in mentoring activities. They appreciated that the role of tutor requires 3-5 years of professional experience. In terms of the internship objectives, these should aim at applying the knowledge gained until the graduation year, but also familiarization with activities which might turn into applications for the coming years. 43% of students believe that only 25% of the theoretical knowledge was useful during the internship. 90 % of the total questioned considered useful to develop a practice guideline adapted to the year of study. Conclusions. The professional training of the future pharmacist���s students depends largely on experience gained by students during the internship activity. Feed-back from the students��� shows that they are aware of the usefulness of the internship, but believe the objectives must be updated and a better correlation between work in pharmacy and theoretical knowledge has to be made. A first step is to develop a practical guide adapted to each year of study. The involvement of the tutor pharmacist is also essential to the success of this activity

A educa����o de adultos: um novo desafio organizacional na escola p��blica

Disserta����o apresentada �� Escola Superior de Educa����o de Lisboa para obten����o de grau de mestre em Ci��ncias da Educa����o Especializa����o em Administra����o Escolar

Self-organization for scheduling in agile manufacturing

Agility refers to the manufacturing system ability to rapidly adapt to market and environmental changes in efficient and cost-effective ways. This paper addresses the development of self-organization methods to enhance the operations of a scheduling system, by integrating scheduling system, configuration and optimization into a single autonomic process requiring minimal manual intervention to increase productivity and effectiveness while minimizing complexity for users. We intend to conceptualize real manufacturing systems as interacting autonomous entities in order to build future Decision Support Systems (DSS) for Scheduling in agile manufacturing environments.

Ontologies for reusing data cleaning knowledge

The emergence of new business models, namely, the establishment of partnerships between organizations, the chance that companies have of adding existing data on the web, especially in the semantic web, to their information, led to the emphasis on some problems existing in databases, particularly related to data quality. Poor data can result in loss of competitiveness of the organizations holding these data, and may even lead to their disappearance, since many of their decision-making processes are based on these data. For this reason, data cleaning is essential. Current approaches to solve these problems are closely linked to database schemas and specific domains. In order that data cleaning can be used in different repositories, it is necessary for computer systems to understand these data, i.e., an associated semantic is needed. The solution presented in this paper includes the use of ontologies: (i) for the specification of data cleaning operations and, (ii) as a way of solving the semantic heterogeneity problems of data stored in different sources. With data cleaning operations defined at a conceptual level and existing mappings between domain ontologies and an ontology that results from a database, they may be instantiated and proposed to the expert/specialist to be executed over that database, thus enabling their interoperability.

Instrumentos de apoio �� gest��o estrat��gica e ao desempenho organizacional dos fisioterapeutas em unidades privadas de fisioterapia

Mestrado em Interven����o S��cio-Organizacional na Sa��de - ��rea de especializa����o: Pol��ticas de Administra����o e Gest��o de Servi��os de Sa��de.

Ades��o �� terap��utica como determinante da efectividade dos cuidados de sa��de: a problem��tica da n��o ades��o �� terap��utica em doentes submetidos a angioplastia transluminal percut��nea coron��ria

Mestrado em Interven����o S��cio-Organizacional na Sa��de - ��rea de especializa����o: Pol��ticas de Administra����o e Gest��o de Servi��os de Sa��de.

Children's metalinguistic activity in the construction of linguistic existence

In this paper we examine the construction of first entities in narratives produced by children of 5, 7, 10 years and adults1 . The study demonstrates that when children reformulate they try to construct entities detached from the situation of enunciation, which means that they construct a detached or a translated plane and they construct linguistic existence of entities. Entities must first be introduced into the enunciative space and then comments will be made in subsequent utterances. Constructing existence supposes extraction. This consists of ���singling out an occurrence, that is, isolating and drawing its spatiotemporal boundaries��� (Culioli, 1990, p. 182) . Once the occurrence of the notion is constructed (which means it has become a separate occurrence with situational properties), children can predicate about it. However, there are children who do not construct the linguistic existence of entities. I hypothesize that the mode of task presentation influences the success of constructing linguistic existence. Sharing the investigator���s knowledge about the stimulus images, children do not ascribe an existential status to the occurrence of the notional domain.

Mental health research in Brazil: policies, infrastructure, financing and human resources

The objective of this descriptive study was to map mental health research in Brazil, providing an overview of infrastructure, financing and policies mental health research. As part of the Atlas-Research Project, a WHO initiative to map mental health research in selected low and middle-income countries, this study was carried out between 1998 and 2002. Data collection strategies included evaluation of governmental documents and sites and questionnaires sent to key professionals for providing information about the Brazilian mental health research infrastructure. In the year 2002, the total budget for Health Research was US$101 million, of which US$3.4 million (3.4) was available for Mental Health Research. The main funding sources for mental health research were found to be the S��o Paulo State Funding Agency (Fapesp, 53.2%) and the Ministry of Education (CAPES, 30.2%). The rate of doctors is 1.7 per 1,000 inhabitants, and the rate of psychiatrists is 2.7 per 100,000 inhabitants estimated 2000 census. In 2002, there were 53 postgraduate courses directed to mental health training in Brazil (43 in psychology, six in psychiatry, three in psychobiology and one in psychiatric nursing), with 1,775 students being trained in Brazil and 67 overseas. There were nine programs including psychiatry, neuropsychiatry, psychobiology and mental health, seven of them implemented in Southern states. During the five-year period, 186 students got a doctoral degree (37 per year) and 637 articles were published in Institute for Scientic Information (ISI)-indexed journals. The investment channeled towards postgraduate and human resource education programs, by means of grants and other forms of research support, has secured the country a modest but continuous insertion in the international knowledge production in the mental health area.

Organiza����o social das aprendizagens para o desenvolvimento da autonomia e da coopera����o

Mestrado, Educa����o Pr��-Escolar e Ensino do 1�� Ciclo do Ensino B��sico, 1 de Julho de 2013, Universidade dos A��ores (Relat��rio de Est��gio).