Educación autónoma y educación intercultural bilingüe en Pangua

La presente tesis es el resultado de una investigación realizada en tres comunas indígenas de la parroquia El Corazón; en ella se describe el recorrido de la “Educación Autónoma y Educación Intercultural Bilingüe en Pangua”. Este trabajo tiene como fin el convertirse en un medio para comprender más sobre el proceso educativo desarrollado en este sector y quizá en el país. Debido a que algunos pedagogos consideran que solo se puede hablar de buena educación cuando esta satisface las necesidades del pueblo a quien se dirige, el proceso educativo que se presentó estuvo marcado por las experiencias vinculadas a las necesidades de la comunidad. En efecto, la educación ha sido utilizada como herramienta básica para la vida y liberación de los pueblos indígenas campesinos que han sido oprimidos por los terratenientes. En el primer capítulo, se describe y se diferencia el proceso de la educación autoritaria y de la educación liberadora. Es fundamental contextualizar estos dos procesos para comprender por qué se adaptó algunas corrientes de la educación liberadora planteada por Paulo Freire para ser desarrolladas con el movimiento indígena de Cotopaxi y con las autoridades de élites de la provincia y del país. El segundo capítulo se remite al período histórico de la educación intercultural en Pangua. Esta perspectiva histórica permitirá apreciar cómo las presiones estatales y la dinámica social influyen en la construcción y desarrollo de la educación del país. Finalmente, en el tercer capítulo, se detallan los logros alcanzados en la educación intercultural bilingüe de Pangua. Esto se realiza con el objeto de mostrar cómo esta se convirtió en una herramienta para resolver los problemas de los comuneros con el terrateniente y que les permitió crecer como seres humanos con dignidad.

Aspectos de la cosmovisión andina en la serie de kukayus pedagógicos del Sistema de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe del Ecuador en comparación con la visión occidental moderna

En la presente tesis se intenta conocer ¿Cómo se manifiesta la cosmovisión andina en los textos, Kukayus pedagógicos y los oficiales del Ministerio de Educación? Se analizan las áreas de: Matemáticas y Ciencias Naturales de 6° y 7° año de E.G. B. ; las 8 unidades de los Kukayus; y los 6 módulos, de los oficiales del Ministerio de Educación por área. Se identifican los elementos de la cosmovisión andina y su importancia en la educación intercultural. Las vivencias son diversas, en tanto la filosofía y el saber andino están presentes, el conocimiento de los avances tecnológicos actuales a partir de los saberes ancestrales, son necesarios en un país intercultural y plurinacional. En el sentir andino los elementos son seres vivientes siendo parte armónica del hábitat, mientras que en la visión occidental estos mismos elementos son recursos para generar dinero y hay que explotar a lo máximo, cuestiones fundamentales que los textos kukayus los describen aunque no de acuerdo a las localidades. Peor aún en los textos oficiales no trata casi nada de la cosmovisión andina, desconociendo las diversidades existentes en el Ecuador. Las mismas que se contrastan con el estudio previo realizado. De lo cual se ha concluido que la educación debe tomar en cuenta el sistema de pensamiento y transmisión de conocimientos ancestrales, expresadas a través de la lengua correspondiente, ofreciendo respuestas apropiadas a las necesidades del educando y las expectativas sociales, tomando en cuenta el contexto socio cultural.

El diálogo intercultural de conocimientos en las leyes educativas de Ecuador y Bolivia

La presente investigación visibiliza en las leyes educativas del Ecuador y Bolivia, la relación intercultural entre conocimientos propios y conocimientos de otros lugares del mundo, entre ellos el conocimiento euro-norte-occidental. También se propone visibilizar el lugar de los conocimientos propios en un Estado intercultural y plurinacional. Para tal cometido se ha diseñado una serie de entradas temáticas que tocan al contexto histórico de la Plurinacionalidad, la pluriespiritualidad e interreligiosidad, las tensiones entre conocimientos, ciencias, tecnologías, sabidurías y diálogo de saberes, sociedad del conocimiento y las políticas lingüísticas. A partir de un diálogo interconceptual se exploran las dimensiones profundas y las dimensiones abyectas respecto a las transformaciones epistémicas y políticas que proponen las leyes educativas.

Implicaciones educativas y socioculturales del modelo de territorialización y circuitos escolares en las redes históricas de la educación intercultural bilingüe en Cotopaxi

Las redes educativas interculturales están arraigadas en el país desde hace décadas. Concretamente la referida, de Cotopaxi, cuenta con cerca de 60 años, desde su creación auspiciada por miembros de la orden salesiana y otros sectores religiosos. Han producido por sí mismas y en alianza con otros organismos propuestas pedagógicas y prácticas escolares que han moldeado generaciones de estudiantes, con importantes impactos en la comunidad, sobre todo en la consolidación de sentidos de pertenencia cultural y formación de liderazgos de profunda repercusión en el plano político y en la superación de barreras de género. La territorialización educativa es un proceso en marcha de reorganización del modelo de la gestión escolar que se efectúa sobre la base de técnicas geosatelitales de localización e identificación de escuelas. Estos criterios rompen la articulación espacial y social de las escuelas de Cotopaxi, por cuanto las variables para delimitar los circuitos son exclusivamente de tipo geográfico y se asientan en expectativas de cobertura escolar relacionadas con lógicas presupuestarias, cuestión que está llevando al cierre de escuelas que no son funcionales a tales criterios. Las variables de tipo sociológico o antropológico no son consideradas en ningún sentido. Tomando en cuenta estos antecedentes, las preguntas que vertebran la reflexión son las siguientes: ¿Qué implicaciones tiene la aplicación del modelo de circuitos educativos en el esquema socio espacial de la red de escuelas interculturales? ¿Cuáles son sus repercusiones en el entorno social y cultural de las escuelas considerando el papel central que ellas cumplen en la vida de la comunidad? ¿Qué tipo de estrategias construyen los actores de la red para enfrentar esta transformación?

Chinese overseas doctoral student narratives of intercultural adaptation

This study aims to explore how Chinese overseas doctoral students adjust to a different academic, social and cultural environment, using Giddens’ theoretical framework of self-identity (1991). The findings indicate the participants proactively used various coping strategies in meeting challenges, and adapting to new social environments. Continuity and stability of self-identity were achieved either culturally or academically through self-reflexivity, autonomy, creativity, authenticity, and reliance on an ontological identity. The result is to challenge the grand narrative of essentialised “problematic Chinese learners”.

A new Home, far from Home : The assimilation process of women involved in intercultural marriages based on Internet meeting

The internet has revolutionized the way we socialize, and as a consequence the way to love. The new communication technologies have facilitated intercultural relationships. Nowadays family relations are one of the major factors in immigration to European countries. Family relations means persons who arrive as family dependents and in accordance with laws regulating family reunification. This thesis aims to apply the classical assimilation theory stated by Milton Gordon (1964), which formulates a series of assimilation stages through which an individual must pass in order to be completely assimilated. In accordance with this theory, marriage is the final phase for a newcomer to fully incorporate into the host society. Thus, based on this presumption and other contemporary theories, the present study has analysed how women who get involved in intercultural marriages based on internet meeting experience these assimilation stages and evaluated the resources used by respondents to incorporate themselves into Swedish society.The main goal of the study was to determine if jumping to the last stage of assimilation does assure the incorporation in the social or/and labour spheres and the findings demonstrate that even though husbands are a valuable resource for assimilation, several cultural issues in Swedish society make it difficult to assure success for the newcomers.On the other hand, Sweden is a country with a strong national sentiment and the assimilation of immigrants still is an important issue to deal with. The Swedish Integration Board has disappeared and major projects for integration have been left in the hands of the municipalities or the Migration Board, institutions that still do not know how to deal with this dilemma.

Teaching Intercultural Communication in Foreign Language Education through Video Conferencing

Since 1980s, Western linguists and specialists on second language acquisition have emphasized the importance of enhancing students’ intercultural communication competence in foreign language education. At the same time, the demand for intercultural communicative competence increased along with the advances of communication technology with its increasingly global reach and the process of globalization itself.In the field of distance language education, these changes have resulted in a shift of focus from the production and distribution of learning materials towards communication and learning as a social process, facilitated by various internet-based platforms. The current focus on learners interacting and communicating synchronously trough videoconferencing is known as the fourth generation of distance language education. Despite the fact that teaching of Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) faces the same or even greater challenges as teaching other languages, the intercultural communication perspective is still quite a new trend in CFL and its implementation and evaluation are still under development. Moreover, the advocates of the new trends in CFL have so far focused almost exclusively on classroom-based courses, neglecting the distance mode of CFL and leaving it as an open field for others to explore. In this under-researched context, Dalarna University (Sweden), where I currently work, started to provide web-based courses of the Chinese language in 2007. Since 2010, the Chinese language courses have been available only in the distance form, using the same teaching materials as the previous campus-based courses. The textbooks used in both settings basically followed the functional nationalism approach. However, in order to catch up with the main trend of foreign-language education, we felt a need to implement the cross-cultural dimension into the distance courses as well. Therefore in 2010, a pilot study has been carried out to explore opportunities and challenges for implementing a cross-cultural perspective into existing courses and evaluating the effectiveness of this implementation based on the feedback of the students and on the experience of the teacher/researcher.

Role of Culture in the Acquisition of CSL – From the Perspective of Intercultural Communication Competence

In the past few decades, the demands for coping with the rapid development of information communication technology, internationalization and globalization worldwide have shifted the focus of Chinese as a second language (CSL) towards intercultural communication competence in which the role of culture in the acquisition of CSL and in the pragmatic use of the language is emphasized and promoted. However, most of the present research in this academic area still remains only on a theoretical level.   In order to explore the possibilities and limitations of integrating Chinese culture and implementing intercultural communication theory into CSL education, an action research has been conducted since the beginning of 2013 to review an actual course for beginners. This paper will present the findings of the research: 1) By applying the theoretical framework of intercultural communicative competence, the findings indicated that the existing CSL course provided limited information explaining the cultural elements that are reflected in the Chinese language. 2) The findings also suggested that the cultural skills acquired in the students’ first language do influence their acquisition of CSL. This is demonstrated in the students’ written tasks such as introducing themselves and presenting other people, etc. The findings can be examples and resources for further research in this academic field.     

Enhancing Intercultural Communication in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language : An Action Research Study

Enhancing Intercultural Communication in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language – An Action Research Study Over the past few decades, the rapid development of information communication technology, internationalization and globalization worldwide have required a shift in the focus of Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) towards competence in intercultural communication in which the role of culture in the acquisition of CFL and in the pragmatic use of the language is emphasized and promoted. However, most of the current research in this academic area remains only on a theoretical level. Practical examples, particularly with regard to distance learning/teaching of the Chinese language, are very limited. This motivated the implementation of an action research study which aimed at exploring the possibilities and limitations of integrating Chinese culture and applying intercultural communication theory into a contemporary distance CFL course for beginners. By observing and comparing the performance of subjects in the control and experimental groups, this action research study focuses on exploring three basic areas. Firstly, it discloses the cultural elements which underlie effective daily communication. Secondly, it investigates how students acquire cultural knowledge and develop their ability to competently communicate in the target course. And thirdly, it evaluates how the modified course syllabus could enhance students’ intercultural communicative competence. The findings of the research aim to serve as both a resource and reference for educators and researchers who are interested in carrying out reforms and research in this academic domain.

Ajustamento intercultural de executivos japoneses expatriados no Brasil: um estudo empírico

O ajustamento intercultural tem sido considerado fator determinante do sucesso em missões internacionais e o conceito-chave do modelo de ajustamento internacional de Black, Mendenhall e Oddou (1991a). O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o ajustamento intercultural de executivos japoneses expatriados. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa com 37 executivos japoneses expatriados, em 21 empresas de diversos setores no Brasil. Apesar de a literatura considerar os expatriados japoneses exemplos de sucesso,

Treinamento e desenvolvimento intercultural: experiências e vivências em organizações brasileiras

Este estudo, diante do ritmo acelerado da globalização, aprende, caracteriza, discute e descreve experiências concretas de diferentes tipos de organizações, relacionadas a realidade multicultural desse novo contexto mundial, quando a comunicação e relacionamento humano assumem novas dimensões, para enfrentar desafios da competitividade. Iniciativas de treinamento e/ou desenvolvimento intercultural, foram buscadas com base em referencial teórico relacionado, métodos e técnicas qualitativos de pesquisas e uma abordagem fenomenológica complementar, cobrindo três diferentes casos empresarias e duas distintas organizações acadêmicas, iniciando com uma fase exploratória, seguida de validação de instrumentos de pesquisas, principalmente os de situações-problema a serem discutidas com os sujeitos. Esses procedimentos para definição do problema, o planejamento dos rumos do projeto e para a postura assumida nos âmbitos escolhidos, trouxeram maior precisão a formulação desses três pontos chave. No caso da companhia de transporte aéreo VARIG, um Projeto de Treinamento e Desenvolvimento/ Intercultural foi compreendido como possibilidade de competitividade nos serviços. No caso da fusão empresarial que resultou na criação da ELETRONUCLEAR, um programa de antecipação á referida mudança buscou a combinação cultural de duas empresas com expectativas agregadoras, visando minimizar o impacto do processo sobre a produtividade e a integridade das pessoas. No BANCO do BRASIL, os objetivos de T&D referiam-se a uma possível missão de atualização profissional no exterior, exigindo habilidades interculturais, a partir do mesmo princípio do auto conhecimento cultural, praticado nos casos anteriormente citados. Na academia, os cursos de comércio internacional ma UFRJ e na FGV, foram os ambientes escolhidos para pesquisas o lado humano intercultural dos negócios internacionais e dos processo de expatriamento, estimulando o aprendizado com a troca de experiências entre colegas, professores, palestrantes e pesquisadores. Os resultados do estudo revelam receptividade crescente sobre a proposta de T&D transcultural em todos os âmbitos pesquisados; um nível mais elevado de auto-estima dos sujeitos devido á oportunidade de discutir suas vivências na expectativa de aproximar pessoas e organizações, mesmo no caso da fusão; a postura fenomenológica de inserção na dinâmica dos próprios sujeitos, favorece a constatação de que momentos de convívio intersubjetivo são possíveis e valiosos para a construção transcultural e que, nesses termos, T&D Intercultural podem contribuir ainda, para classificar o sentido fenomenológico que circula nas ambiências compartilhadas, indicando uma orientação comum nos casos e situações investigados e que aparece no emprego de T&D intercultural como um recurso para humanizar a globalização.