Análise da ferramenta LEED para a certificação de edifícios sustentáveis no Brasil

CCurrently there are various systems for the evaluation of environmental impacts of buildings, known as tools of environmental certification. Among these, the tool LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations has been the most widely used and accepted worldwide, in assessing the sustainability of buildings. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the tool for LEED certification for construction work in Brazil, which ranks fourth in the world ranking records certification of sustainable buildings. It was found in this analysis that the assumptions of this tool are encouraging the use of more sustainable and less impactful on the environment as it promotes the deployment of innovative projects from a technological standpoint, , as well as the valuation of enterprises certified. Also, very significant results obtained in terms of energy efficiency and environmental quality in occupied buildings

Proposta de estruturação do departamento de custos de uma empresa de construção civil de médio porte

This work consists of a literature review of technical project management with a focus on cost management in order to establish concepts and build a theoretical basis for later perform a case study of a construction company. All of the literature review is based on best practices in project management from the Project Management Institute - PMI, among other bibliographies that use the same concepts. The case study covers issues such as area of expertise, constructions undertaken, methodologies, procedures, assumptions, allowing to understand how the company operates in the market and, especially, which interfaces with the cost department in company processes. Confronting the knowledge gained from the literature review of the concepts of PMI and the information obtained from the case study on the current situation of the management costs of the company, it was possible to identify some gaps in the company processes of cost management and thus propose the solution of creating a centralized functional area focused on cost, that is responsible for ensuring that best practices in project management, specifically costs, are being applied

Análise do processo de execução de edificações compostas por paredes de concreto executadas in loco

This work presents a fast, easy, standardized and planned method to build family homes in order to collaborate with the decline of housing deficit and, at the same time, meet families who wish to invest in building their own houses, once that our country is experiencing an economical prosperity . This method has been widely used nowadays because it is being deployed in large-scale and in a standardized pattern, reducing decreasing significantly the construction time. The concrete wall, shaped in loco depends on unique processes. For this reason, a well trained staff is required so the constructive process can be executed in a fast pace, showing better results than other construction methods. This project will address all the materials used to build the molded concrete walls in loco, their sequence assembly, application, types, characteristics and performances. At the end, a way used by building companies of locating the concrete will also be given. Although there is no specific Brazilian norm for this type of construction, a study on this topic will soon be released. Therefore, the studies for the execution of this project were based on Brazilian standards prevailing at the time, construction magazines and books that are based on building methods considered more common

Mapeamento energético de um edifício corporativo

Increasingly the business for large companies tend to sustainable actions. Such actions may have motivated social, environmental and economical too. Thus, the study of small actions or investments aimed at improving a product or a process may impact on financial return and even the exposure of a sustainable paper company, a fact that is increasingly wel l regarded in the market. This study presents proposals raised in the market and in the literature showing the cost of each investment, the payback over time and the benefits of each project to be implemented in a corporative building located in the city of São Paulo. It was analyzed the energy consumption, determining the amount of consumption of each device through measurement of some parameters such as voltage and operating current, and lifting nominal values supplied by the manufacturers. By understanding the conditions of each equipment and the processes involved, were raised possible energy improvements, focusing on the cooling system of the building, the tariff system and the installation of an energy management system

Um estudo sintático-semântico das preposições em complementos verbais de webjornais paulistas

The main goal of this work is to evaluate the realization of the linguistic phenomenon of preposition and also to investigate how current normative pressures influence the production and the perception of processes of variation and change in Brazilian Portuguese. We analyze the use of prepositions a and para in verbal complementation contexts in contemporary journalistic texts from São Paulo’s press – the web newspapers. The contexts considered are constructions with complements of direction, movement with transference, material transference, and verbal/perceptual predicators (Berlinck, 1996; Corrêa, Cançado, 2006). Because written texts tend to be more conservative (i.e. more normative) this research provides an important linguistic investigation that contributes to the sociolinguistic knowledge of the language. However, the newspapers also tend to reflect the use, so they constitute a privileged place for us to understand the conflicting relationship between ‘norm’ and ‘use’. Besides this, the research is relevant for General Linguistics for considering linguistic and extralinguistic factors which determine the use and frequency of the prepositions, like syntactic-semantic relations between the preposition, the verb, the complement, and the text genre. We collected data from web newspapers from Araraquara, with small and medium circulation. Based on previous results, we have ascertained the predominance of the use of the preposition a in the newspapers from São Paulo in the 20th century. However, we have also ascertained representative records of variation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

O clima urbano de Assis/SP: estudo comparativo da temperatura e umidade relativa entre a cidade e o campo

It is known that the urban environment modifies the energy balance between the surface and the atmosphere, causing changes in temperature, relative humidity, among other things, opening the way for studies aimed at urban climatology. Based on the theme of urban climate, this research focuses on the city of Assis, located west of São Paulo. The generation of urban climate is a result of various factors, among which stand out: the use and different land use, the thermodynamic properties of buildings, number of buildings in the urban, socioeconomic activities, etc.. In general, this increases the temperature and reducing relative humidity, providing thermal discomfort. The rural environment is used for comparison studies to this theme by presenting different characteristics in relation to the structure, morphology and urban functionality. The main objective of this study is to determine the characteristics of temperature and humidity environments with the habits and occupations of the different soils in winter, at night, one inserted into the urban fabric of Assis and the other in the rural environment, to verify for evidence of changes in climatic elements because of urbanization. To collect the data will be used mini automatic weather stations that record data on temperature and humidity. For analysis of the results will be made between the data obtained in the city and the countryside, developing graphics application using Excel to tabulate the data. It was found that there were differences in the thermo-hygrometric data collection points, showing a specific urban climate in the city of Assis

Cidades sustentáveis: análise comparativa com cidades contemporâneas

Currently the world is under an energy revolution, every day more technologies are developed in order to better use the energy for having better energy efficiency of equipment and processes with minimal environmental degradation. Taking into account that thousands of people live in built environments in the context of cities and that the energy flow to this location is significant, it is important to study the built environment as a potential source of savings, energy recovery and regeneration, because cities are the major bottlenecks energetic. Therefore, this study aimed to examine and to list the most important and promising technologies to be used in the built environment to collect or save energy that would be wasted, such as clothes that generate energy through movement or solar incidence, facades of buildings that generate energy due to solar radiation, fitness centers that produce electricity due to the rotation used in fitness equipment for athletes, elevators that take advantage of the potential energy or use it more rationally, generators that take advantage of energy vibrational, and finally more sustainable vehicles with higher performance and less degrading the environment. The information and results obtained from this study show that the technologies used to harness energy before lost are increasingly evident and also is increased the progress relative to the energy use in a urban context. In the closure, a comparison of energy expenditure between a city that uses some of these sustainable technologies and another of the same size with conventional habits is presented

Ecologia de sabiás (Turdus spp.) e sanhaços (Thraupis spp.) em área urbana com fragmentos florestais no campus da Unesp de Rio Claro

Sabiás e sanhaços estão entre as aves frugívoras mais comuns em áreas urbanas, sendo os primeiros com ampla distribuição e sanhaços com distribuição neotropical, onde dispersam sementes de uma variedade de espécie de plantas. Analisei o uso do hábitat e aspectos da ecologia, como densidade, abundância, uso do tempo e de hábitats das espécies de sabiás e sanhaços presentes no campus da UNESP de Rio Claro, estado de São Paulo, nas diferentes estações do ano. O estudo foi realizado através da observação das aves ao longo de um transecto onde as variáveis estudadas incluíram o número de indivíduos, hábitat de ocorrência, atividade, distância do transecto, tipo de alimento e estrato de forrageio para os indivíduos de cada espécie. Realizou-se 27 transecções, as quais incluíram áreas abertas (campos), construções (ruas e edificações), e fragmentos florestais, num trajeto de 3,65 km, entre os meses de janeiro e agosto de 2010, em três períodos do dia. Foram registradas cinco espécies de aves, o sanhaço-cinzento, o sanhaço-do-coqueiro, o sabiá-barranco, o sabiá-poca e o sabiá-laranjeira, em um total de 555 indivíduos avistados. Os resultados demonstraram a maior abundancia (283 indivíduos) e densidade (1.47 Indivíduos/ha) para a espécie de sanhaço-cinzento (Thraupis sayaca). Os dados obtidos permitiram inferir um elevado grau de seleção do hábitat utilizado pelas três espécies mais abundantes, ocorrendo preferência por regiões com maior cobertura vegetal arbórea/arbustiva. O forrageamento se apresentou como a principal atividade, entretanto, as espécies de sabiás utilizaram ambos estratos, forrageando invertebrados no solo e frutos na vegetação arbórea, enquanto sanhaços encontraram-se unicamente no estrato arbóreo. Foram encontradas 41 espécies de plantas arbóreas...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Ecocentro Despertar

Diante dos preocupantes problemas ambientais causados ao nosso planeta, sabe-se que a sua maioria está relacionada ao uso abundante e inconsequente dos recursos naturais, e que estes problemas são consequência direta da intervenção humana nos diferentes ecossistemas da Terra, causando desequilíbrios no meio ambiente e comprometendo a qualidade de vida. No Brasil, aproximadamente 40% da extração de recursos naturais têm como objetivo a indústria da construção. Sabe-se que 50% da energia gerada é para abastecer somente o funcionamento das edificações e 50% dos resíduos sólidos urbanos vêm das construções e demolições, os chamados “entulhos”. Frente a isso, profissionais começaram a pensar em alternativas para utilizar cada vez menos energia proveniente de combustíveis fósseis não renováveis, como os arquitetos que passaram a estudar os princípios bioclimáticos para reduzir as necessidades energéticas das edificações e assegurar o conforto com métodos construtivos ecológicos. Tendo em vista a importância da Sustentabilidade para o mundo em que vivemos, este trabalho consiste no projeto de uma edificação independente do uso de combustíveis fósseis e de energias geradas por fontes que agridem o meio ambiente. A proposta se baseia no projeto sustentável de um Centro Comunitário para os bairros Morada do Sol e Belo Galindo, em Presidente Prudente, SP

Como se dá a concepção de genêro na educação infantil

This research will try to understand how the concept of gender works at school, since working and discussing the body and sexuality is not a matter to be treated only within the family environment, school is a place for formal and appropriate new knowledge about sexuality, gender and body, in order to be part of the child framework according to adequate theory. At school, which is a place of different social values and especially to build readings world is surrounded by theoretical frameworks appropriate to think of the body not only as biological, but as one that can vary, feel desires and pleasures, changes and growth. This research aims to understand the notes of literature regarding to teaching children about respect for others, how children notice parts of your body, the space they are in, how they build their own and other perceptions, supported by their teachers, how they express themselves and show social rules and behaviors, focusing on building an egalitarian and respectful society regarding to relations between men and women which begin in childhood and is part of sexuality taught at school by teachers. This research will focus on methodology bibliographic through exploratory, interpretive and selective reading

Diversidade gênica no gênero Astyanax (Teleostei : Characidae) através da análise de PCR-RFLP de DNA mitocondrial

O gênero Astyanax é um dos mais abundantes e diversificados da família Characidae (subfamília Tetragonopterinae), com mais de 100 espécies nominais, estando amplamente distribuído na bacia do Alto rio Paraná. Esse gênero é caracterizado pela similaridade quanto à forma do corpo, além da alta variabilidade citogenética intra e interpopulações, sendo comum a ocorrência de espécies crípticas ou complexos de espécies. Devido à escassez de dados sobre genética molecular referentes a esse gênero, e a dificuldade na identificação taxonômica, fazse necessário um estudo utilizando marcadores moleculares que visem desenvolver métodos rápidos e eficientes para caracterização de espécies de Astyanax com base em análises de DNA. Em vista dessa necessidade, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência da técnica de PCR-RFLP do gene mitocondrial Citocromo b na identificação e caracterização da variabilidade genética de cinco espécies do gênero Astyanax que ocorrem na bacia do Alto rio Paraná. O mtDNA das espécies alvo foi totalmente amplificado, num total de cerca de 1140 pares de bases (pb). As análises foram obtidas através dos haplótipos gerados com a digestão por três enzimas de restrição que clivam estes genes, sendo estas ALUI, BAMHI, e HPAII. Foram analisadas 2 populações de Astyanax paranae, A. altiparanae, A. fasciatus, A. bockmanni, e uma população de A. biotae, com amostragens variando entre 5 e 10 indivíduos de cada população. Como grupo externo foram analisadas duas populações de Astyanax ribeirae da bacia hidrográfica do rio Ribeira de Iguape. Ao final do trabalho foi possível a identificação de 4 das 6 espécies analisadas, sendo que as espécies mais divergentes são A. altiparanae e A. ribeirae, as espécies A. paranae + A. bockmanni e A. fasciatus + A. ribeirae são as mais fortemente relacionadas...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Análise da implantação das certificações ambientais LEED e AQUA: estudo de caso em alguns empreendimentos

Given the large potential impact that the construction industry has on the environment and the need to reduce environmental degradation , environmental certifications are important tools of environmental management. This work deals with the environmental certifications of sustainable buildings LEED and AQUA . This project employed the method of exploratory research to identify the requirements that impose the greatest difficulties in the implementation of LEED and AQUA , surveying the reasons for the choice of certification to be deployed and to analyzing the main benefits perceived by certified organizations. Concepts related to the topic were obtained from the literature, leading to the development of a questionnaire that was applied in organizations that have gone through the above certifications . From the analysis of questionnaires, it was possible to highlight that the main reasons for the adoption of an environmental certificate in the construction industry are linked to economic issues such as greater market recognition and appreciation of the project and what is still needed to invest in environmental awareness industry and the whole society

Moçada, moçaiada, moçarada: um caso de variação?

Com base nos estudos sociolingüísticos e nos processos de formação de palavras através da sufixação, este estudo analisa algumas formações de palavras a partir dos sufixos -ADA, -ARADA e -AIADA. A pesquisa volta-se para as construções que indicam “grande quantidade”. Pretende-se relacionar o uso destes sufixos com o grau de escolaridade do falante e o contexto de uso, para, na medida do possível, analisar se estes dois fatores podem influenciar um maior ou menor uso destas palavras. Para isso utilizou-se dados provenientes da internet, assim como os resultados de dois testes de percepção aplicados em alguns colaboradores de graus de escolaridade distintos. A partir da análise dos dados obtidos na internet e nos testes, constatou-se que os sufixos -ADA, -ARADA e -AIADA, principalmente estes, estão sendo usado amplamente em conversações mais informais, sendo que nos testes, os colaboradores com maior nível de escolaridade foram os que se mostraram mais conservadores em relação às construções. Para alguns dos entrevistados, o uso das palavras formadas com os sufixos em estudo deve ser restrito a situações bastante informais, sendo “inadequado” seu uso numa situação formal

Estudo da eficiência de reforços estruturais em vigas de concreto armado com o uso de chapas de aço coladas com resina epóxi: uma análise qualitativa

In civil engineering, a structure is the whole sustainment of a construction and, thus, it is important that it remains intact throughout its lifetime. An engineering construction must last for decades without losing its functionality. However its purpose may be altered and several times the original structure does not meet the new needs of use. Still, in new buildings, the functionality is altered due to possible flaws in execution and the structure, invariably does not reach the desired solicitation needs. In cases like this, the commonly adopted solutions are, basically, the demolishment followed by the reconstruction of the desired mold or the structural reinforcement. This second option, for long years, has not been put to practice due to certain factors such as the high costs for its implantation, use of inadequate reinforcement execution techniques, and the culture of people involved in the area regarding its use and, in this case, the option would always be the reconstruction. Thoughtout the years, some techniques were developed to allow the execution of structural reinforcements with low costs and in efficient ways. An interesting, fast, efficient and economical technique is the structural reinforcement through metal sheets put together with epoxy resin that can be applied in beams, slabs and pillars. In the present work the different behavior of beams reinforced with this technique. Steel is a very recommended material for these reinforcements due to its characteristics related to traction, compression and the effectiveness of the technique related to its cost. For the attachment the epoxy resin is recommended, since it allows the joining of two materials, in this case, steel and concrete. The efficiency of this union is so considerably high that it rarely produces any flaws in adherence and, normally, when it happens it is due to problems in the execution process, not in the union of materials

Análise de inconformidades em obras recentes

Due to the large number of pathologies in the civil constructions justified to highlight the reasons for problems encountered and subsequently the most appropriate way of implementing procedures for certain services performed in civil construction. The intention here is to explain each of the subjects studied, identify and distinguish the conditions presented in the post delivery of civil constructions from construction X, through research and company documents, and highlight steps of the executives of some services civilians highlighted in this work to minimize, or cancel, future maintenance. Studies will be conducted in a more narrow, focused more specifically in the most happening pathologies in the constructions and how to perform each service to prevent future problems with masonry (non-structural cracks and crevices), waterproofing, window frames and cladding. Thus, this study seeks to protect the building, using material technology and equipment, to allow an increase in the service time of the building,