Polímeros superabsorventes (psa) como agente de cura interna para prevenir fissuração em concretos de alta resistência

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2015.

Algoritmos de otimização e o problema inverso aplicados à identificação de danos estruturais com o uso do MEF

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2015.

Análise comparativa entre as normas de segurança do trabalho brasileira e portuguesa nos canteiros de obra

A presente dissertação foi elaborada no âmbito da unidade curricular de DIPRE (Dissertação/Projeto/Estágio), que se encontra no plano de estudos do 2º semestre do 2º ano do Mestrado em Engenharia Civil, no ramo de Construções do Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto. O setor da construção civil é um dos que apresenta maior número de acidentes de trabalho e mortes, no mundo, por isso é de suma importância o estudo da segurança do trabalho nos estaleiros. Após a assinatura do Termo de reciprocidade entre Brasil e Portugal, onde são estabelecidas condições para admissão de engenheiros registrados no sistema Confea na Ordem dos engenheiros de Portugal e a recíproca. O conhecimento das normas de segurança se faz necessário para que o engenheiro advindo de outro país tenha as bases teóricas para a prática de suas atividades, assim as normas de segurança de trabalho do Brasil e Portugal foram analisadas, posteriormente realizado, uma análise comparativa entre elas, com o objetivo de verificar diferenças e propor medidas. Com a análise, foi possível verificar que apesar da grande quantidade de normas sobre segurança no trabalho nos estaleiros de obra, algumas já estão ultrapassadas e em desacordo com as exigências atuais. Embora as normas brasileiras e portuguesas serem similares em alguns pontos específicos elas apresentam exigências e métodos distintos para a mesma situação em análise. Verificou-se a necessidade de evolução constante das normas para que estas acompanhem o desenvolvimento tecnológico e das exigências.

Tirantes de betão armado com varões de fibra de vidro

O aparecimento da fibra de vidro deve-se à pesquisa de novos materiais. No século XIX, as fibras de vidro foram pela primeira vez tecidas. Só mais tarde, durante o século XX, com o desenvolvimento de resinas foi possível produzir a fibra de vidro como material compósito. Ainda durante a 2ª Guerra Mundial foi construído um avião de combate em fibra de vidro. Desde então sofreu um grande desenvolvimento, tendo sido aplicada nas mais diversas indústrias. Recentemente, a fibra de vidro tem sido também aplicada em estruturas na construção civil. Nos últimos anos tem havido uma crescente investigação acerca das estruturas de betão armado com armaduras de fibra de vidro (GFRP). A análise de parâmetros como a fendilhação, a deformação e a contribuição do betão entre fendas, é fundamental para a compreensão do comportamento desse material compósito. A aderência entre os varões e o betão é condicionada pela resistência do betão e pela superfície das armaduras, podendo estas propriedades influenciarem a evolução dos parâmetros atrás referidos. Contudo, a investigação neste domínio ainda está pouco desenvolvida e carece de mais estudo, para que seja possível a sua aplicação em estruturas de uma forma mais criteriosa e abrangente. Pretendeu-se conjugar as vantagens do betão estrutural de agregados leves (BEAL), bom desempenho de resistência e a reduzida densidade, com as dos varões de GFRP, sendo necessário estudar o seu comportamento em conjunto para uma boa compreensão dos fenómenos inerentes a esta combinação de materiais. Neste trabalho analisam-se vários parâmetros fundamentais ao comportamento de elementos de BEAL reforçado com varões de GFRP, nomeadamente: a aderência da interface betão-armadura, a fendilhação, tension stiffening effect e a deformação. Para esta análise, considerou-se a variação da resistência mecânica do BEAL, do tipo de armadura de reforço (aço e GFRP) e o diâmetro dos varões. Foi desenvolvido um programa experimental que contempla um total de doze tirantes de betão armado, seis com varões de GFRP e seis com varões de aço, de forma a poder efectuar-se uma comparação directa. Foram também incluídos no programa experimental trinta e seis provetes de ensaios pull out, dezoito com armaduras de fibra de vidro e dezoito com armaduras de aço, igualmente com o objectivo de comparação dos resultados. Na análise dos resultados foi possível verificar as diferenças entre o uso de armaduras de GFRP e de aço nos parâmetros em estudo, assim como a influência da resistência dos BEAL e dos diâmetros das armaduras. Verificou-se que a largura de fendas, bem como as deformações nos tirantes com armaduras de GFRP foram superiores às observadas com armaduras de aço. No que diz respeito à aderência foram observadas menores tensões nas armaduras de GFRP.

O impacto das medidas da Troika no desempenho económico-financeiro das empresas portuguesas

Os efeitos despoletados com a crise financeira de 2008 marcaram uma mudança radical de pensamentos e políticas entre as várias economias mundiais. Esta crise ficou marcada pelo enorme esforço que as economias tiveram que suportar, obrigando todos mercados a moldarem-se em função das contingências implementadas. Após análise e leitura de diversa literatura é consensual a referência ao início da crise financeira nos Estados Unidos da América (EUA) com o chamado subprime, percebendo-se também que muito rapidamente atingiria a Europa e todo o mundo. Desta forma, a Europa e inevitavelmente Portugal, acabaria por ser atingido e sofrer diversas consequências resultantes desta crise financeira. Na verdade, fruto da enorme turbulência dos mercados mundiais e da globalização, Portugal (incapaz de por si só sair da crise em que se viu envolvido) vê-se na necessidade de recorrer a ajuda externa por parte da Troika. Neste sentido, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo relatar resumidamente o início da crise financeira mundial, analisando o impacto das políticas de combate à crise implementadas em Portugal, no desempenho económico-financeiro das empresas portuguesas. Este estudo recaiu sobre a análise e perceção de comportamento de alguns indicadores económico financeiros entre os anos de 2010 a 2014, período durante o qual a Troika esteve presente em Portugal, implementando uma serie de reformas e políticas de combate à crise. Assim, debruçamo-nos sobre quatro setores de atividade (Construção Civil, Restauração, Hotelaria e Indústria do Calçado), observando os dados financeiros extraídos da base de dados SABI (Sistema de análise de Balanços Ibéricos) sobre empresas inseridas nos respetivos setores de atividade. Com base nos resultados do estudo realizado podemos concluir que o desempenho dos indicadores económico financeiros foram mais penalizados nos setores da Construção Civil e da Hotelaria.

Diretrizes para o gerenciamento de riscos em contratos de obras públicas : estudo de caso da contratação integrada

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2015.

Adição de superplastificante e anti-segregante à base de CMC em pastas de cimento para Poços de Petróleo

Oil well cementing materials consist of slurries of Special class Portland cement dispersed in water. Admixtures can be used to provide the necessary fluidity, so the material can be efficiently pumped down as well as penetrate porous rocks with controlled filter loss. Construction admixtures can be used to modify the properties of oil well cements provided they can withstand and hold their properties at the higher than ambient temperatures usually encountered in oil fields. In civil construction, superplasticizer play the role of dispersants that reduce the facto r of water cement improve mechanical properties and fluidity of the cement, whereas anti-segregation agents improve the workability of the slurry. In the present study, oil well cement slurries were produced adding both a dispersant and an anti-segregation agent conventionally used in Portland CPII-Z-32 RS cement aiming at materials for primary cementing and squeeze operations. Three basic aspects were evaluated: fluidity, filter loss and the synergetic effect of the admixtures at two temperatures, i.e., 27°C and 56°C, following API RP 10B practical recommendations. The slurries were prepared using admixture concentrations varying from 2.60 Kgf/m3 (0.02 gallft3) to 5.82 Kgf/m3 (0.045 galJft3) BWOC. The density of the slurries was set to 1.89 g/cm3 (15.8 Ib/gal). 0.30 to 0.60% BWOC of a CMC-based anti-segregation agent was added to the cement to control the filter loss. The results showed that the addition of anti-segregation at concentrations above 0.55% by weight of cement resulted in the increased viscosity of the folders in temperatures evaluated. The increasing the temperature of the tests led to a reduction in the performance of anti-segregation. At concentrations of 5.20 kgf/m3 (0,040 gallft3) and 5.82 Kgf/m3 (0,045 gal/ft 3) observed a better performance of the properties evaluated in the proposed system. At low temperature was observed instability in the readings of rheology for all concentrations of anti-segregation. Contents that increasing the concentration of anti¬-segregation is limited concentrations greater than 0.55 % BWOC of the CMC in temperature analyzed. The use of the system with CMC promoted a good performance against the properties evaluated. The principal function of anti¬-segregation was optimized with increasing concentration of superplasticizer, at temperatures above the 2rC. The study of the behaviour of systemic additives, resulting in slurries of cement, which can be optimized face studies of other intrinsic properties in oil fields

Estudo da adição de argila expandida na formulação de concretos leves

Lightweight concrete has been the subject of several studies towards the development of new building materials. Emphasis has been given on the particle size effect and nature of aggregates used as raw materials. The present study includes an analysis of the materials that make this kind of concrete, analyzes of mechanical properties such as compressive and tensile strength, in addition to assessments of the interface concrete aggregate/matrix interface, porosity and absorption profile of chloride ions in lightweight concrete based on expanded clay. The experiments were carried out by molding cylindrical samples 100 mm in diameter and 200 mm in height. The dosage experiments were performed without additives or with the addition of minerals: (T1) 1: 2.01: 1.10: 0.78 (T2) 1: 2.00: 1.32 : 0.62 - (T3) 1 :1.93 :1.54: 0.47 (cement : sand : expanded clay 0500 : expanded clay 1506).The water to cement ratio was set to 0.43. Expanded clay minerals with different average particle sizes were used, i.e., 9.5 mm/0500 and 19 mm/1506. The larger aggregate was coated by a glassy layer, yielding lower water absorption characteristics to the concrete. The results showed that the use of light expanded clay aggregates is a technically interesting solution to the production of lightweight concrete for construction applications

Evolução da degradação de fachadas : efeito dos agentes de degradação e dos elementos constituintes

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2016.

Estudo da adição de polímero superabsorvente e de nano partículas de sílica para melhorar propriedades de concretos de alta resistência

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2016.

Análise experimental do comportamento à flexão e ligação entre painéis de lajes tipo bubbledeck

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2016.

Influência da vermiculita expandida na resistência à compressão e reologia de pastas cimentantes de poços de petróleo

Several problems related to the loss of hydraulic seal in oilwells, causing gas migration and/or contamination of the production zone by water, have been reported. The loss of the hydraulic seal is a consequence of cracks which can be occasioned either by the invasion of gas during the wait on cement or by the expansion of the casing causing the fracture of the cement sheath. In case of the pressure of the formation is higher than the pressure in the annulus, gas can migrate into the slurry and form microannulus, which are channels where gas migrates after the cement is set. Cracks can be also occasioned by the fracture of the cement sheath when it does not withstand the thermal and dynamic loads. In reservoirs where the oil is heavy, steam water injection operation is required in order to get the oil flowing. This operation increases the temperature of the casing, and then it expands and causes the fracture of the cement sheath in the annulus. When the failures on the cement are detected, remedial cementing is required, which raise costs caused by the interventions. Once the use of cement in the construction civil sector is older than its use in the petroleum sector, it is common to bring technologies and solutions from the civil construction and apply them on the petroleum area. In this context, vermiculite, a mineral-clay widely encountered in Brazil, has been used, on its exfoliated form, in the civil construction, especially on the manufacture of lights and fireproof concretes with excellent thermal and acoustical properties. It has already been reported in scientific journals, studies of the addition of exfoliated vermiculite in Portland cements revealing good properties related to oilwell cementing operations. Thus, this study aimed to study the rheological behavior, thickening time, stability and compressive strength of the slurries made of Portland cement and exfoliated vermiculite in 5 different compositions, at room temperature and heated. The results showed that the compressive strength decreased with the addition of exfoliated vermiculite, however the values are still allowed for oiwell cementing operations. The thickening time of the slurry with no exfoliated vermiculite was 120 min and the thickening time of the slurry with 12 % of exfoliated vermiculite was 98 min. The stability and the rheological behavior of the slurries revealed that the exfoliated vermiculite absorbed water and therefore increased the viscosity of the slurries, even though increasing the factor cement-water. The stability experiment carried out at 133 ºF showed that, there was neither sedimentation nor reduction of the volume of the cement for the slurry with 12 % of exfoliated vermiculite. Thus, the addition of exfoliated vermiculite accelerates the set time of the cement and gives it a small shrinkage during the wait on cement, which are important to prevent gas migration

Estudo do comportamento plástico, mecânico, microestrutural e térmico do concreto produzido com resíduo de porcelanato

Population growth experienced in major cities, allied to society s need of infra-structure, especially ones related to habitational demands, increases the consumption of construction materials. As a consequence, consumption of natural resources itself. Thus, due to this process, concrete is one of the most produced materials in civil construction. This is also due to the great diversity of its application, easiness in its execution and adequate mechanical performance, as well as low production costs. Following the same tendencies in construction development, the ceramic industry has intensified the production of porcelain ceramic tiles and floors. These are achieved by a fine finishing and receive polishing at the end of the fabrication process. This work researched the use of porcelain residues in polishing for the production of concrete. All of which; due to economical and environmental issues. This process aims to prove adequate destiny for this type of residue, due to environmental issues, incorporating it to the concrete itself; all of which provides economy in consumption of the materials that constitute concrete. Thus, the main characteristics of concrete were investigated through the inclusion of different concentration of the porcelain residue as additional trait element. The residue rates incorporated to the trait varied from 10% to 50% in relation to the cement mass, in the traits with plastic additives and without plastic additives. It is observed that the inclusion of porcelain residue produced a meaningful alteration in the consistency of fresh concrete. This residue has a fine granulometry and it considerably absorbed the water used in the concrete spreading, influencing the way this material is dealt with. Thus, the value of cement striking decreases with the increase of residues present in trait. The maximal incorporation of the residue was of 50%, massively, for the same factor water/initial cement. The use of residues in concrete results in an 40% increase in the compression resistance. It is also proportional to residue concentration of porcelain in the trait. The microstructure was also favored once porosity and concrete absorption decreases with the use of this residue. The parameters demonstrate the quality and durability of the concrete produced with this residue. The use of porcelain residue in concrete composition has not produced meaningful thermal behavior changes. Thermal conductivity, heat capacity and thermal diffusivity have been maintained basically constant

Adição de vermiculita expandida mícron em pastas de baixa densidade para cimentação de poços de petróleo

The northeastern region of Brazil has a large number of wells producing oil using a method of secondary recovery steam injection, since the oil produced in this region is essentially viscous. This recovery method puts the cement / coating on thermal cycling, due to the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between cement and metal coating causes the appearance of cracks at this interface, allowing the passage of the annular fluid, which is associated with serious risk socioeconomic and environmental. In view of these cracks, a correction operation is required, resulting in more costs and temporary halt of production of the well. Alternatively, the oil industry has developed technology for adding new materials in cement pastes, oil well, providing high ductility and low density in order to withstand the thermo-mechanical loads generated by the injection of water vapor. In this context, vermiculite, a clay mineral found in abundance in Brazil has been applied in its expanded form in the construction industry for the manufacture of lightweight concrete with excellent insulation and noise due to its high melting point and the presence of air in their layers lamellar. Therefore, the vermiculite is used for the purpose of providing low-density cement paste and withstand high temperatures caused by steam injection. Thus, the present study compared the default folder containing cement and water with the folders with 6%, 8% and 10% vermiculite micron conducting tests of free water, rheology and compressive strength where it obtained the concentration of 8 % with the best results. Subsequently, the selected concentration, was compared with the results recommended by the API standard tests of filtered and stability. And finally, analyzed the results from tests of specific gravity and time of thickening. Before the study we were able to make a folder with a low density that can be used in cementing oil well in order to withstand the thermo-mechanical loads generated by steam injection

Estudo sobre a influência do massará no processo de formação de salitre em rebocos na região de Teresina - PI

This work had to verify the influence of massará, while mortar component, in the process of formation of saltpeter in cementitious plaster walls of buildings. The massará is a ceramic material, texture areno usually found in large volumes argillaceous sediments in Teresina, Piaui State capital, which is associated with the Portland cement mortar form for fixing and finishing in construction. Saltpeter or flowering is a pathology that happens in gypsum wallboard, which invariably reaction between soluble salts present in materials, water and oxygen. This pathology, supposedly credited to massará caused its use to suffer significant reduction in the market of the buildings. Verify this situation with particular scientific rigor is part of the proposal of this work. Grading tests Were performed, consistency limits (LL, LP and IP), determination of potential hydrogen, capacity Exchange (CTC), electrical conductivity (EC), x-ray fluorescence (FRX) and x-ray diffraction (DRX). Massará analysed samples in number six, including sample plastering salitrado presented potential hydrogen medium 5.7 in water and 5.2 on KCl n and electrical conductivity (EC), equal to zero. These results pointed to the affirmative that massará is a material that does not provide salinity content that can be taken into consideration. It is therefore concluded that the material analyzed not competing, at least with respect to the presence of soluble salts, for the formation of saltpeter