Hydrolases in the hypopharyngeal glands of workers of Scaptotrigona postica and Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera, Apinae)

Hydrolytic enzymes from hypopharyngeal gland extracts of newly emerged, nurse and foraging workers of two eusocial bees, Scaptotrigona postica, a native Brazilian stingless bee, and the Africanized honey bee (Apis mellifera) in Brazil, were compared. The hypopharyngeal gland is rich in enzymes in both species. Fifteen different enzymes were found in the extracts, with only a few quantitative differences between the species. Some of the enzymes present in the extracts may have intracellular functions, while others seem to be digestive enzymes. Scaptotrigona postica, had lower β-glucosidase and higher lipase esterase activities than A. mellifera. The differences may be due to different feeding habits and behavioral peculiarities of the two species. ©FUNPEC-RP.

Construction and validation of the brazilian questionário de respostas socialmente habilidosas segundo relato de professores (QRSH-PR)

Behavioral problems in preschool children are one of the most frequent motives for seeking psychological care by parents and caregivers. Instruments are considered necessary, created from a Social Skills Training theoretical-practical perspective, which may systematically assist the identification of social skills and behavioral deficits, helping professionals in the prevention and/or reduction of behavioral problems. The purpose of this study was to test the psychometric validity and reliability of an instrument for evaluation of Socially Skilled Responses, from a teacher's perspective (QRSH-PR For this purpose, 260 preschool children were evaluated, differentiated in subgroups without and without behavioral difficulties, based on the Child Behavior Scale (Escala de Comportamento Infantil/ECI-Professor Studies were conducted for construct, discrimination, concurrent and predictive validity. The Cronbach Alpha was calculated to evaluate internal consistency. The obtained results pointed to positive indicators in reference to construct, discrimination, and predictive validity, and even for good internal consistency, indicating that the items consistently measure the construct of social skills, and differentiated children with and without behavioral problems. The questionnaire is considered to be gauged for evaluation of socially skilled responses from preschool children, and applicable in educational and clinical environments. Copyright 2009 by The Spanish Journal of Psychology.

Evaluation of HPFH and δβ-thalassemia mutations in a Brazilian group with high Hb F levels.

Fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) is characteristic of the fetal development period. However, in some genetic conditions, such as hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) and delta-beta thalassemia (δβ-thalassemia), Hb F continues to be produced in adulthood. We evaluated the frequency of two mutations of HPFH, HPFH-1 and HPFH-2 African, and two mutations in δβ-thalassemia, Sicilian and Spanish, in a Brazilian population. Peripheral blood samples were collected from adults from hospitals and blood centers in southeast and northeast Brazil. These individuals were healthy and without complaints of anemia, but had increased Hb F. Samples were submitted to electrophoretic and chromatographic analyses to quantify Hb F values and, subsequently, to molecular analyses to verify the mutations. In the molecular analysis, 16 of the 60 samples showed a heterozygous profile for the HPFH mutations, two for HPFH-1 and 14 for HPFH-2. In the same sample set, three were heterozygous for Spanish δβ-thalassemia and none were heterozygous for Sicilian δβ- thalassemia. The Hb F values in the HPFH-2 heterozygotes differed from those previously reported for this mutation. In this group, the HPFH mutations were more frequent than the δβ-thalassemia mutations. The finding of these mutations in this Brazilian population reflects the mixing process that occurred during its formation.

Detection of classical 17p11.2 deletions, an atypical deletion and RAI1 alterations in patients with features suggestive of Smith-Magenis syndrome

Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a complex disorder whose clinical features include mild to severe intellectual disability with speech delay, growth failure, brachycephaly, flat midface, short broad hands, and behavioral problems. SMS is typically caused by a large deletion on 17p11.2 that encompasses multiple genes including the retinoic acid induced 1, RAI1, gene or a mutation in the RAI1 gene. Here we have evaluated 30 patients with suspected SMS and identified SMS-associated classical 17p11.2 deletions in six patients, an atypical deletion of ∼139 kb that partially deletes the RAI1 gene in one patient, and RAI1 gene nonsynonymous alterations of unknown significance in two unrelated patients. The RAI1 mutant proteins showed no significant alterations in molecular weight, subcellular localization and transcriptional activity. Clinical features of patients with or without 17p11.2 deletions and mutations involving the RAI1 gene were compared to identify phenotypes that may be useful in diagnosing patients with SMS. © 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved.

Mechanisms in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis involved in control of autonomic and neuroendocrine functions: A review

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Insulin concentrations in cerebellum and body balance in diabetic male rats: Aerobic training effects

Brain insulin has had widespread metabolic, neurotrophic, and neuromodulatory functions and has been involved in the central regulation of food intake and body weight, learning and memory, neuronal development, and neuronal apoptosis. Purpose: The present study investigated the role of swimming training on cerebral metabolism on insulin concentrations in cerebellum and the body balance performance of diabetic rats. Methods: Forty Male Wistar rats were divided in four groups: sedentary control (SC), trained control (TC), sedentary diabetic (SD), and trained diabetic (TD). Diabetes was induced by alloxan (32 mg kg b.w.), single dose injection. The mean blood glucose of diabetic groups was 367 ± 40 mg/dl. Training program consisted in swimming 5 days/week, 1 h/day, 8 weeks, supporting a workload corresponding to 90% of maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). For the body balance testing rats were trained to traverse for 5 min daily for 5-7 days. All dependent variables were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a significance level of p < 0.05 was used for all comparisons. Results: The body balance testing scores were different between groups. Insulin concentrations in cerebellum were not different between groups. Conclusion: It was concluded that in diabetic rats, aerobic training does not induce alterations on cerebellum insulin but induces important metabolic, hormonal and behavioral alterations which are associated with an improvement in glucose homeostasis, serum insulin concentrations and body balance. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.

A survey of DNA methylation across social insect species, life stages, and castes reveals abundant and caste-associated methylation in a primitively social wasp

DNA methylation plays an important role in the epigenetic control of developmental and behavioral plasticity, with connections to the generation of striking phenotypic differences between castes (larger, reproductive queens and smaller, non-reproductive workers) in honeybees and ants. Here, we provide the first comparative investigation of caste- and life stage-associated DNA methylation in several species of bees and vespid wasps displaying different levels of social organization. Our results reveal moderate levels of DNA methylation in most bees and wasps, with no clear relationship to the level of sociality. Strikingly, primitively social Polistes dominula paper wasps show unusually high overall DNA methylation and caste-related differences in site-specific methylation. These results suggest DNA methylation may play a role in the regulation of behavioral and physiological differences in primitively social species with more flexible caste differences. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Efeitos do treinamento com pesos nos sintomas depressivos e variáveis metabólicas em pacientes com doença de Alzheimer

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Reproductive phenology and fruit production on a land bridge island in the brazilian atlantic forest

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeitos de um programa pedagógico-comportamental sobre TDAH para professores do ensino fundamental

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Percepção de dimensões corporais de adolescentes do sexo feminino: aspectos psicofísicos e comportamentais

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Escolares com malformação de orelha externa e/ou média: avaliação do desempenho escolar e dos comportamentos sociais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Intencionalidade, linguagem e análise do comportamento

As abordagens analítico-comportamentais da linguagem ainda não conseguiram fornecer um tratamento conceitual e empírico adequado dos comportamentos verbais complexos. Uma proposta funcionalista recente que vem abordando repertórios complexos na aquisição e no desenvolvimento da linguagem é a teoria da aquisição da linguagem baseada no uso, de Tomasello e cols. Esta teoria vem se desenvolvendo no interior de uma análise mais ampla de Tomasello e cols. sobre a evolução da cognição humana. Nesta proposta, a compreensão e o compartilhamento da intencionalidade são elementos-chave para o desenvolvimento cognitivo e linguístico humano. E é justamente o uso do conceito de intencionalidade o que tem produzido as principais críticas a esta proposta, principalmente, enquanto possibilidade de representar um retorno às propostas mentalistas sobre cognição e linguagem. Com base nisso, o presente trabalho procurou: (1) analisar a proposta de Tomasello e cols. sobre a evolução da cognição humana e a relação entre essa proposta e a aquisição e o desenvolvimento da linguagem – analisando, especificamente, o papel do conceito de intencionalidade nessa proposta e a relação entre intencionalidade e linguagem; (2) analisar o tratamento do conceito de intencionalidade nos trabalhos de John R. Searle e de Daniel C. Dennett, comparando-o com o proposto por Tomasello e cols., segundo os critérios de (a) definição de intencionalidade e (b) relação entre intencionalidade e linguagem; e (3) analisar o tratamento que o conceito de intencionalidade tem recebido na Análise do Comportamento, comparandoo com o proposto por Tomasello e cols, segundo os mesmos critérios (a) e (b). Esperava-se que estas análises permitissem um maior esclarecimento sobre o uso do conceito de intencionalidade na proposta de Tomasello e cols. e uma aproximação dessa proposta com um referencial analítico-comportamental, i.e., sem recorrer a entidades mentais como elementos explicativos da cognição e da linguagem. Tomasello e cols. propõem que a cognição humana é um tipo de cognição primata, derivada de adaptações biológicas característica dos primatas em geral para compreender os outros intencionalmente, em termos de ações, percepções, estados emocionais e objetivos, além de uma motivação exclusivamente humana para compartilhar intencionalidade com os outros. A partir dessas características, os humanos se tornaram capazes de se engajar em atividades de colaboração relacionadas à cognição cultural (envolvendo a criação e o uso de símbolos lingüísticos e matemáticos, artefatos culturais, tecnologias, práticas culturais e instituições sociais), que alteraram profundamente os modos de interação social da espécie humana, permitindo a ela acumular e modificar conhecimentos ao longo da história e transmitir esses conhecimentos para as gerações posteriores. Considerando a análise dos usos do conceito de intencionalidade nas propostas de Tomasello e cols, Searle, Dennett e da Análise do Comportamento, foi possível estabelecer uma relação entre as propostas de Tomasello e cols. e de Dennett, ambas caracterizando a intencionalidade como um conjunto de habilidades cognitivo-comportamentais dos organismos, resultante da história evolutiva das espécies. Contudo, foi possível relacionar o uso do o conceito de intencionalidade nas propostas de Searle e da Análise do Comportamento com o conceito de intencional na proposta de Tomasello e cols., ambos significando uma propriedade referencial (i.e., estar relacionado com) de certos fenômenos em relação a aspectos do mundo. No que concerne à relação entre intencionalidade e linguagem, as propostas de Tomasello e cols., Searle e de Dennett destacam a importância da interação da intencionalidade com a linguagem para a evolução da cognição humana propriamente dita. Contudo, Tomasello e cols. se aproximam mais do modelo de Searle, ao sugerirem que a linguagem simbólica é uma habilidade comportamental humana derivada da intencionalidade. Dennett, por outro lado, se contrapõe a essa hipótese, afirmando que intencionalidade e linguagem simbólica são dois fenômenos comportamentais distintos que co-evoluíram e passaram a interagir em certo momento da história evolutiva da espécie humana. Em geral, o presente trabalho sugere que os principais conceitos utilizados na proposta de Tomasello e cols. sobre a evolução da cognição humana e, especificamente, na teoria da aquisição da linguagem baseada no uso, são compatíveis com alguns conceitos aplicados em outras áreas do conhecimento, como a filosofia da mente e as ciências do comportamento. Em adição, o presente trabalho também possibilitou uma aproximação da proposta de Tomasello e cols. com um referencial analíticocomportamental. Sugere-se que (i) a adoção de um vocabulário analítico-comportamental pode contribuir para abordar os fenômenos contemplados na proposta de Tomasello e cols., evitando a recorrência a pressupostos mentalistas; e, (ii) a proposta de Tomasello e cols. pode oferecer relevantes contribuições para a Análise do Comportamento, no que se refere à investigação de processos simbólicos, principalmente, a aquisição e o desenvolvimento da linguagem simbólica, na medida em que esta proposta tem investigado processos simbólicos mais complexos do que aqueles tradicionalmente investigados na Análise do Comportamento.

Aspectos psicossociais e condições bucais em dependentes químicos internados para desintoxicação

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

The psychobiological model: a new explanation to intensity regulation and (in)tolerance in endurance exercise

The mechanisms underpinning fatigue and exhaustion, and the specific sources of exercise-endurance intensity regulation and (in)tolerance have been investigated for over a century. Although several scientific theories are currently available, over the past five years a new framework called Psychobiological model has been proposed. This model gives greater attention to perceptual and motivational factors than its antecedents, and their respective influence on the conscious process of decision-making and behavioral regulation. In this review we present experimental evidences and summarize the key points of the Psychobiological model to explain intensity regulation and (in)tolerance in endurance exercise. Still, we discuss how the Psychobiological model explains training-induced adaptations related to improvements in performance, experimental manipulations, its predictions, and propose future directions for this investigative area. The Psychobiological model may give a new perspective to the results already published in the literature, helping scientists to better guide their research problems, as well as to analyze and interpret new findings more accurately.