963 resultados para Brazilian Environment Institute (IBAMA )
Resumo:
Avaliou-se a influncia exercida pela aquisio de calorias de acar sobre a participao calrica dos demais macronutrientes da dieta. As estimativas deste estudo so baseadas em dados da Pesquisa de Oramentos Familiares realizada no Brasil pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica entre julho de 2002 e junho de 2003. Modelos de regresso linear mltiplos foram utilizados para estudar a influncia das calorias de acar sobre a participao calrica de cada um dos macronutrientes na aquisio domiciliar de alimentos com o controle do valor calrico total da aquisio de alimentos e variveis scio-demogrficas. Cada caloria adquirida de acar eleva em 0,3 caloria a participao de gorduras na aquisio domiciliar de alimentos e diminui em 0,07 a participao de protenas. Cada caloria de acar procedente de alimentos processados aumenta em 1,6 caloria a participao de gorduras e em 0,4 caloria de cidos graxos saturados e diminui em 0,8 caloria a participao de outros carboidratos que no o acar. Os resultados encontrados trazem novas evidncias sobre o papel prejudicial do acar sade humana.
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The objective of the study was to estimate the frequency of recurrent falls and identify the main associated risk factors. The BRAZOS is the first epidemiological study performed on a representative sample of the Brazilian population. Anthropometric data, living habits, previous fractures, falls, dietary intake, physical activity and quality of life were evaluated in 2,420 individuals aged 40 and older. Recurrent falls were reported by 15.5% of men and 25.6% of women. Among women, the risk factors significantly associated to recurrent falls were age, previous fracture, sedentary lifestyle, poor quality of life, diabetes mellitus and current use of benzodiazepine. In men, the risk factors were age, poor quality of life, intake of alcoholic beverages, diabetes mellitus, previous fracture and use of benzodiazepine. A greater intake of vitamin D had a protector effect on the risk of recurrent falls. These findings demonstrated the high prevalence of recurrent falls and emphasize that a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to minimize recurrent falls and their consequences, including osteoporotic fractures.
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We evaluated the impact of a lifestyle intervention on the cardiometabolic risk profile of women participating in the Study on Diabetes and Associated Diseases in the Japanese-Brazilian Population in Bauru. This was a non-controlled experimental study including clinical and laboratory values at baseline and after a 1-year intervention period. 401 Japanese-Brazilian women were examined (age 60.811.7 years), and 365 classified for metabolic syndrome (prevalence = 50.6%). Subjects with metabolic syndrome were older than those without (63.010.0 vs. 56.711.6 years, p < 0.01). After intervention, improvements in variables were found, except for C-reactive protein. Body mass index and waist circumference decreased, but adiposity reduction was more pronounced in the abdominal region (87.09.7 to 84.511.2cm, p < 0.001). Intervention-induced differences in total cholesterol, LDL, and post-challenge glucose were significant; women who lost more than 5% body weight showed a better profile than those who did not. The lifestyle intervention in Japanese-Brazilian women at high cardiometabolic risk improved anthropometric and laboratory parameters, but it is not known whether such benefits will persist and result in long-term reduction in cardiovascular events.
Resumo:
INTRODUO/OBJETIVOS: O BRAZOS (The Brazilian Osteoporosis Study) um estudo epidemiolgico, de base populacional, realizado em amostra representativa de mulheres e homens brasileiros, de idade superior a 40 anos, com o objetivo de identificar os principais fatores clnicos de risco associados com fratura por baixo impacto. Nesse artigo so apresentados os principais resultados do estudo, de acordo com cada regio do pas. PACIENTES E MTODOS: Um total de 2.420 indivduos, provenientes das cinco regies do pas e de todas as classes socioeconmicas foram includos no estudo. Foram avaliados dados antropomtricos, bem como aspectos relacionados aos hbitos de vida, fraturas, ingesto alimentar, atividade fsica, quedas e qualidade de vida por meio de entrevista individual e quantitativa. Fratura por baixo impacto foi definida como aquela decorrente de queda da prpria altura ou menos. Valor de P < 0,05 foi considerado como estatisticamente significante. RESULTADOS: No houve diferena estatisticamente significativa da prevalncia de fratura nas cinco regies do Brasil, de acordo com o sexo ou classe social. No entanto, nas mulheres, houve maior ocorrncia de fraturas na regio metropolitana do que nos municpios do interior dos estados e tendncia a maior frequncia de fraturas em homens da regio nordeste. No foi verificada diferena estatisticamente significativa de fraturas se os homens eram provenientes das capitais ou do interior dos estados. CONCLUSES: De acordo com os nossos resultados, no foi observada diferena significativa da prevalncia de fraturas por baixo impacto nem da frequncia ou relevncia de fatores de risco entre as cinco regies do Brasil.
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OBJECTIVES: To assess risk and protective factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCD) and to identify social inequalities in their distribution among Brazilian adults. METHODS: The data used were collected in 2007 through VIGITEL, an ongoing population-based telephone survey. This surveillance system was implemented in all of the Brazilian State capitals, over 54,000 interviews were analyzed. Age-adjusted prevalence ratios for trends at different schooling levels were calculated using Poisson regression with linear models. RESULTS: These analyses have shown differences in the prevalence of risk and protective factors for CNCD by gender and schooling. Among men, the prevalence ratios of overweight, consumption of meat with visible fat, and dyslipidemia were higher among men with more schooling, while tobacco use, sedentary lifestyle, and high-blood pressure were lower. Among women, tobacco use, overweight, obesity, high-blood pressure and diabetes were lower among men with more schooling, and consumption of meat with visible fat and sedentary lifestyles were higher. As for protective factors, fruit and vegetables intake and physical activity were higher in both men and women with more schooling. CONCLUSION: Gender and schooling influence on risk and protective factors for CNCD, being the values less favorable for men. vigitel is a useful tool for monitoring these factors amongst the Brazilian population.
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The objective of this study was to estimate the regressions calibration for the dietary data that were measured using the quantitative food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ) in the Natural History of HPV Infection in Men: the HIM Study in Brazil. A sample of 98 individuals from the HIM study answered one QFFQ and three 24-hour recalls (24HR) at interviews. The calibration was performed using linear regression analysis in which the 24HR was the dependent variable and the QFFQ was the independent variable. Age, body mass index, physical activity, income and schooling were used as adjustment variables in the models. The geometric means between the 24HR and the calibration-corrected QFFQ were statistically equal. The dispersion graphs between the instruments demonstrate increased correlation after making the correction, although there is greater dispersion of the points with worse explanatory power of the models. Identification of the regressions calibration for the dietary data of the HIM study will make it possible to estimate the effect of the diet on HPV infection, corrected for the measurement error of the QFFQ.
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OBJETIVO: Analisar a associao entre indicadores socioeconmicos, de proviso de servios pblicos odontolgicos e de alocao de recursos financeiros em sade, e identificar se o sentido das associaes ocorre em favor da eqidade vertical. MTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal de abordagem ecolgica, com dados do Ministrio da Sade referentes a 399 municpios do estado do Paran, no perodo de 1998 a 2005. A condio socioeconmica foi aferida por meio do ndice de Desenvolvimento Humano dos municpios, alm de indicadores de renda, educao e saneamento bsico, os quais foram obtidos nas bases de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica. Os dados foram submetidos a testes estatsticos no-paramtricos: coeficiente de correlao de Spearman, Friedman e Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: Houve tendncia redistributiva dos recursos federais transferidos aos municpios para o custeio da ateno bsica, intensificada a partir do lanamento da Estratgia Sade da Famlia. Observou-se expanso das aes de sade bucal no perodo analisado, bem como tendncia pr-eqidade na oferta e utilizao dos servios odontolgicos em ateno bsica. CONCLUSES: Houve tendncia redistributiva, ou pr-eqidade, na proviso de servios odontolgicos no estado do Paran, com maior proviso per capita de recursos ou servios para municpios com piores indicadores socioeconmicos. Esta tendncia se mostrou compatvel com as diretrizes programticas recentes do Ministrio da Sade.
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The Healthy Cities and Agenda 21 programs improve living and health conditions and affect social and economic determinants of health. The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) indicators can be used to assess the impact of social agendas. A data search was carried out for the period 1997 to 2006 to obtain 48 indicators proposed by the United Nations and a further 74 proposed by the technical group for the MDGin Brazil. There is a scarcity of studies concerned with assessing the MDG at the municipal level. Data from Brazilian health information systems are not always consistent or accurate for municipalities. The lack of availability and reliable data led to the substitution of some indicators. The information systems did not always provide annual data; national household surveys could not be disaggregated at the municipal level and there were also modifications on conceptual definitions over time. As a result, the project created an alternative list with 29 indicators. MDG monitoring at the local community can be important to measure the performance of actions toward improvements in quality of life and social iniquities.
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Brazilian scientific production on pharmaceutical care was identified based on articles indexed on the Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Web of Science and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts databases. Sixty-three articles published in both national and international journals were retrieved. With regard to authors, 72.3% were from the Southeast and South Regions, and 60.8% were affiliated to public universities. In relation to the type of studies, 85.7% were descriptive, and the most frequently researched fields were community pharmacies, hospitals and primary health care units. Articles were original in 65.1% of cases, updates in 20.6%, and reviews in 7.9%. An increase in publications commenced in 2006. In 31.7% of cases, authors had adopted a bibliographical study design, 28.6% qualitative study, 23.8% intervention, and 15.9% observational study design. The most researched subjects were elderly with chronic diseases. The importance of stimulating the conducting of experimental and qualitative studies, as well as amplifying authorship affiliated with the service area, foreign authors and with research in a wide variety of practice settings were highlighted. Despite the limited quantity of articles, an increase in their number as well as in their scope and quality is expected, so as to create further knowledge that contributes to the recognition of pharmacists' actions by patient healthcare teams.
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O acesso regular gua potvel e segura tem causado preocupao, principalmente em pases em desenvolvimento e, mais enfaticamente em reas periurbanas, que abrigam a populao socialmente excluda. O objetivo deste trabalho abordar questes de acesso gua em regies periurbanas e para tanto foi realizado levantamento bibliogrfico nas bases de dados Pubmed, Medline e SciELO assim como relatrios da OMS, OPAS, IBGE e Ministrio das Cidades. A falta ou a precariedade do acesso gua representa situao de risco que propicia aumento da incidncia de doenas infecciosas agudas e da prevalncia de doenas crnicas. O estabelecimento do grau de acesso gua de qualidade considera fatores como distncia e tempo percorrido at a fonte de gua, volume coletado, demanda atendida e nvel de prioridade de aes de interveno. Na qualidade da gua, consideram-se como fatores de impacto o manuseio - maneira como ocorre a coleta, o transporte, o armazenamento e o uso -, a presena de patgenos nas fontes e as prticas rotineiras da populao. A determinao da presena de patgenos nas fontes evidencia o risco sade e a identificao do agente etiolgico indica a origem da contaminao. O caminho para reverter esse cenrio a implementao integrada de polticas pblicas de gesto, que envolvam aes conjuntas e ajustadas nos setores de desenvolvimento urbano, habitao, saneamento e sade e que visem promoo e proteo da sade da populao local e ao enfrentamento da complexidade de fatores que evidenciam sua vulnerabilidade.
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The objective of this paper was to assess bacteriological quality of drinking water in a peri-urban area located in the Metropolitan Region of So Paulo, Brazil. A total of 89 water samples were collected from community plastic tanks and 177 water samples from wells were collected bimonthly, from September 2007 to November 2008, for evaluating bacteriological parameters including: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus and heterotrophic plate count (HPC). Clostridium perfringens was investigated in a subsample (40 samples from community plastic tank and 40 from wells). E. coli was present in 5 (5.6%) samples from community plastic tanks (2.0 - 5.1x10(4) MPN/100mL) and in 70 (39.5%) well samples (2.0 - 8.6x10(4) MPN/100mL). Thus, these samples were not in accordance with the Brazilian Regulation. Enterococcus was detected in 20 (22.5%) samples of the community plastic tanks (1 to 79 NC/100mL) and in 142 (80.2%) well samples (1 to >200 NC/100mL). C. perfringens was detected in 5 (12.5%) community plastic tanks samples and in 35 (87.5%) wells samples (2.2 to >16 MPN/100mL). HPC were above 500 CFU/mL in 5 (5.6%) waters from community plastic tanks. In wells samples, the HPC ranged from <1 to 1.6x10(4) CFU/mL. The residual chlorine did not attend the standard established in the drinking water legislation (0.2 mg/L), except in 20 (22.5%) samples. These results confirm the vulnerability of the water supply systems in this peri-urban area what is clearly a public health concern.
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O conceito de sofrimento social caracteriza-se pela compreenso das situaes de aflio e dor como experincias sociais e no como problemas individuais. Este trabalho analisa a natureza social e poltica do sofrimento de um adolescente em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa. Inspirado na abordagem de Veena Das, o artigo se apia em "carne" e discurso para problematizar a relao entre cidadania e segmentos juvenis discriminados, que se manifesta nas ambiguidades das prticas institucionais presentes no fluxo de execuo de medidas socioeducativas. O artigo analisa as contradies entre o objetivo institucional de evitar a reincidncia de atos infracionais, auxiliando o adolescente a tornar-se um cidado autnomo, e as narrativas e expresses corporais dos adolescentes durante o cumprimento das medidas. A trajetria aqui descrita leva ao reconhecimento de que o trnsito da medida de internao para as medidas em meio aberto se d sob a tenso entre o discurso institucional de reorganizar a vida escolar, familiar e comunitria e a experincia cotidiana dos adolescentes, que segue marcada pela constante ameaa policial e pela privao de acessos a bens pblicos. O cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas acaba por reforar entre os adolescentes a aflio de serem socialmente tidos como suspeitos e fugitivos e, consequentemente, a incorporao de um lugar social particular, o de membro do "mundo do crime". O desempenho na vida cotidiana de um "estilo bandido" revela formas de resposta ao discurso dominante no sistema socioeducativo, contexto que indica o paradoxo do Estado brasileiro, que garante uma democracia formal enquanto viola direitos civis.
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O objetivo deste artigo analisar a evoluo dos investimentos sociais praticados pelo setor industrial farmacutico brasileiro. A importncia do estudo das polticas sociais criadas por esse importante segmento produtivo deve-se sua forte influncia nas mais variadas definies sobre polticas de sade, entre elas o conflituoso campo de disputa entre a defesa das patentes por parte das empresas e as tentativas de licenciamento compulsrio de medicamentos, por parte do governo. Tomamos como fonte de pesquisa os indicadores sociais de 62 indstrias farmacuticas, relativos ao ano de 2006, publicados pela Federao Brasileira da Indstria Farmacutica (Febrafarma), em maio de 2007, sob o ttulo Painel Social, apresentados de trs formas: dados gerais sobre o nmero de programas, valores investidos e o nmero de pessoas beneficiadas; dados gerais classificados segundo um modelo pr-definido e composto de categorias fixas (sade, educao, comunidade, valorizao da vida, cultura, meio ambiente, voluntariado e outros); e dados individualizados por empresa, com a indicao das ementas de cada programa criado. Buscamos com a reflexo sobre esses indicadores averiguar se eles possibilitam realizar um acompanhamento longitudinal das diretrizes e das proposies relacionadas s aes socialmente responsveis praticadas pelas indstrias farmacuticas.
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Objetivou-se descrever e avaliar a influncia da renda sobre a participao da alimentao fora do domiclio no Brasil. Utilizaram-se dados coletados pela Pesquisa de Oramentos Familiares realizada em 2002/2003 (POF 2002/2003), pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica. Analisaram-se os registros dos gastos com aquisies de alimentos e bebidas consumidos fora do domiclio. A associao entre a participao da alimentao fora do domiclio e a renda, ajustada para atributos scio-demogrficos, foi estudada por meio de modelos de regresso utilizados para estimao de coeficientes de elasticidade-renda. A alimentao fora do domiclio representou 21% do total dos gastos com alimentao; destaque-se que o incremento de 10% na renda aumentaria em 3% a participao da alimentao fora do domiclio. O efeito da renda sobre a participao da alimentao fora, ainda que sempre positivo, diminui conforme elevao da renda, sendo alto nos domiclios com renda inferior a R$68,70 per capita/ms. H influncia da renda nos gastos com alimentao fora do domiclio, assim a evoluo favorvel da renda resultar em aumento dessa forma de se alimentar.
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Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF) is a lethal rickettsiosis in humans caused by the bacteria Rickettsia rickettsii, and is endemic in some areas of Brazil. Horses and dogs are part of the disease's life cycle and they may also serve as sentinel animals in epidemiological studies. The first human BSF case in the State of Paran was reported in 2005. The present study was conducted in the municipality of Almirante Tamandar, where no previous case of BSF was reported. Serum samples were collected from 71 horses and 20 dogs from nine properties in the area. Ticks were also collected from these animals. All farmers completed a questionnaire about their knowledge of BSF and animal health management. Serum samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescent-antibody assay (IFA) using R. rickettsii and R. parkeri as antigens. Ticks were analyzed by PCR for Rickettsia sp., and all of them were PCR-negative. Six horses (8.45%) and 4 dogs (20%) were identified as seropositive. Farmers were not aware of the correlation between the presence of ticks and risk of BSF. Although a non-endemic area, Almirante Tamandar is a vulnerable environment for BSF and effective tick control measures are required.
