"Trabalhadores favelados": identifica����o da favelas e movimentos sociais no Rio de Janeiro e em Belo Horizonte

A tese aborda o processo de identifica����o das favelas e sua apropria����o pelos movimentos de ���trabalhadores favelados���. Em A Inven����o das Favelas (2005), Valladares discutiu as favelas como uma representa����o e inven����o social do s��culo XX. Partindo desse marco anal��tico compartilhado e discutido por outros autores, constru��mos uma escala de compara����o entre Rio de Janeiro e Belo Horizonte. Na primeira parte da tese, compreendemos essa representa����o como o resultado de um processo identifica����o. Como observou Noriel, em L���Identification (2006), o Estado moderno foi um dos maiores produtores de tecnologias de identifica����o, dispositivos de poder que visam conhecer, classificar e governar as popula����es num dado territ��rio. Investigamos como as pr��ticas estatais no Rio de Janeiro e em Belo Horizonte constitu��ram representa����es das favelas, delineando um discurso e um dispositivo de poder sobre os territ��rios da pobreza atrav��s de legisla����es, censos e comiss��es de estudo. As analogias, particularidades e trocas institu��das no processo de identifica����o s��o analisadas, observando a forma����o de uma ret��rica da marginalidade social no ��mbito do Estado, reproduzindo estigmas sociais, mas tamb��m gerando oportunidades para reivindica����o de direitos. Nesse sentido, na segunda parte da tese, analisamos os movimentos dos ���trabalhadores favelados���, organizados pela Uni��o dos Trabalhadores Favelados (UTF) no Rio de Janeiro e Federa����o dos Trabalhadores Favelados de Belo Horizonte (FTFBH). Compreendemos a forma como esses movimentos sociais organizaram repert��rios de a����o, apropriando-se da identifica����o das favelas para reivindicar direitos, mobilizaram-se eleitoralmente, vinculando-se a grupos de esquerda, e propuseram projetos de reforma urbana.

A produ����o teatral carioca: hist��ria, exemplos e experi��ncias

Esse trabalho visa analisar os diferentes modelos de gest��o do teatro carioca a partir de 1950. Foram muitas as transforma����es sofridas no setor teatral da cidade, sobretudo com a redefini����o do papel do Estado como promotor de cultura. A partir da hist��ria do teatro brasileiro, do contexto hist��rico e das políticas culturais implantadas, pretende-se tra��ar uma panor��mica da produ����o teatral carioca no per��odo e identificar os pontos nevr��lgicos em que o segmento teatral se encontra. O trabalho prop��e uma reflex��o sobre essas pr��ticas atuais, a partir dessas mudan��as ocorridas nos processos de produ����o teatral da cidade do Rio de Janeiro.

Presidencialismo estadual em S��o Paulo: o que une os partidos na coaliz��o

Inserida na literatura sobre a governabilidade nos estados brasileiros, esta Tese investiga o que une os partidos na coaliz��o no caso do estado de S��o Paulo, de 1995 a 2010, analisando a montagem e a natureza da coaliz��o de governo (forma����o dos gabinetes), em particular, seu peso e papel na constru����o e na gest��o do apoio ao Executivo pela Assembleia Legislativa do Estado de S��o Paulo (coaliz��o legislativa).

Agenda power in Brazil's C��mara dos Deputados , 1989 to 1999

This paper examines the structure of agenda power in the Brazilian C��mara dos Deputados (Chamber of Deputies). Our main question concerns when consistent agenda control by a single majority coalition, as opposed to agenda control by shifting majorities, has emerged in the post-1988 C��mara. Consistent agenda control emerges routinely in parliamentary regimes: the government commands a majority in the assembly; the legislative agenda is negotiated among the governing parties, typically with each able to ���veto��� the placement of bills on the agenda. However, the C��mara faces an external executive, the president, with substantial formal powers to set its agenda. Consistent agenda control thus can emerge only if the president chooses to ally with a majority coalition in the assembly. If the president always chose to form such an alliance���a presidentially-led agenda cartel���then one would expect some consistently parliamentary patterns in Brazil: the appointment of legislative party leaders to the cabinet; the use of statutes rather than decrees to achieve policy goals; the avoidance of bills that would pass and split the governing coalition. We find that only the Cardoso presidency displays consistent evidence of such a presidentiallyled agenda cartel. In this sense, our argument differs from that of Figueiredo and Limongi (1999; 2000), who argue that presidents have consistently pursued a parliamentary mode of governance in Brazil. Yet it also differs from those who argue that presidents have consistently pursued a shifting-coalitions strategy. Our results suggest that presidents make a strategic choice, with much hinging on that choice.

Tax reform under fiscal stress: a CGE analysis of the Brazilian tax reform

In spite of a general agreement over the distortion imposed by the current Brazilian tax system, attempts to reform it during the last decade have faced several restrictions to its implementation. Two of these restrictions were particular binding: a) fiscal adjustment restriction (public sector debt cannot increase), b) fiscal federalist restriction (revenues from individual states and municipalities cannot decrease). This paper focuses on a specific reform that overcomes in principle the fiscal federalist restriction. Using Auerbach and Kotlikoff (1987) model calibrated for the Brazilian economy, I analyze the short and long run macroeconomic effects of this reform subject to the fiscal adjustment restriction. Finally, I look at the redistributive effects of this reform among generations as a way to infer about public opinion���s reaction to the reform. The reform consists basically of replacing indirect taxes on corporate revenues, which I show to be equivalent to a symmetric tax on labor and capital income, by a new federal VAT. The reform presented positive macroeconomic effects both in the short and long run. Despite a substantial increase in the average VAT rate in the first years after the reform, a majority of cohorts experienced an increase in their lifetime welfare, being potentially in favour of the reform.

Linkages between pro-poor growth, social programmes and labour market : the recent Brazilian experience

From a methodological point of view, this paper makes two contlibutions to the literature. One contribution is the proposal of a new measure of pro-poor growth. This new measure provides the linkage between growth rates in mean income and in income inequality. In this context, growth is defined as pro-poor (or anti-poor) if there is a gain (or loss) in the growth rate due to a decrease (or increase) in inequality. The other contribution is a decomposition methodology that explores linkages between three dimensions: growth pattems, labour market performances. and social policies. Through the decomposition analysis, growth in per capita income is explained in terms of four labour market components: the employment rate. hours of work, the labour force participation rate. and productivity. We also assess the contribution of different nonlabour income sources to growth patterns. The proposed methodologies are then applied to the Brazilian National Household Survey (PNAD) covering the period 1995-2004. The paper analyzes the evolution of Brazilian social indicators based on per capita income exploring links with adverse labour market performance and social policy change, with particular emphasis on the expansion of targeted cash transfers and devising more propoor social security benefits.

Public debt management, monetary policy and financial institutions

Despite the large size of the Brazilian debt market, as well the large diversity of its bonds, the picture that emerges is of a market that has not yet completed its transition from the role it performed during the megainflation years, namely that of providing a liquid asset that provided positive real returns. This unfinished transition is currently placing the market under severe stress, as fears of a possible default from the next administration grow larger. This paper analyzes several aspects pertaining to the management of the domestic public debt. The causes for the extremely large and fast growth ofthe domestic public debt during the seven-year period that President Cardoso are discussed in Section 2. Section 3 computes Value at Risk and Cash Flow at Risk measures for the domestic public debt. The rollover risk is introduced in a mean-variance framework in Section 4. Section 5 discusses a few issues pertaining to the overlap between debt management and monetary policy. Finally, Section 6 wraps up with policy discussion and policy recommendations.