微藻光合放氢的生理生化调控及生物技术研究

氢能将是主宰未来世界的主要能源之一，氢能的研究开发已经成为世界各国能源研究的重要方向。微藻光合制氢，因其无污染、可再生，成为生物制氢领域最有应用前景的研究方向之一。 本论文选取模式植物莱茵衣藻、经济藻种钝顶螺旋藻作为实验材料，对微藻光合放氢的生理生化过程调控及相关生物技术进行综合研究。获得的主要成果如下： （1）建立起微藻两步法放氢的技术平台和批次培养的回馈监控模式;同时，运用离子色谱追踪整个放氢过程中的离子变化，我们的实验结果证明对于衣藻两步法放氢而言，乙酸的存在是必要条件之一。这个结果与文献报道不尽相同，值得进一步深入地研究。 （2）筛选出一株联合固氮菌，摸索出藻菌共培养的培养基合适配置和活性控制条件;在两步法放氢的基础上，充分利用藻菌之间的优势互补，设计构建藻菌共培养放氢体系，与两步法放氢比较，该体系能提前12小时进入放氢状态，提高单位叶绿素放氢效率1倍左右，延长体系稳定时间近20小时。 （3）利用固定化技术获得高产氢效率，去固定化后持续产氢是我们设计出微藻连续放氢的一个特点。同时，摸索出衣藻放氢过程中的间歇进料进流程序，使连续放氢时间可达3周左右。 （4）实验证明两步法放氢技术，并不适用于螺旋藻;同时，在摸索建立螺旋藻的藻菌共培养放氢体系过程中，发现非致病性肺炎克雷伯氏杆菌培养液可以破碎螺旋藻细胞，这种全新的提取藻蓝蛋白的方法，具有节约成本，便于操作，温和均匀的独特优势。 （5）在连续放氢体系中加入适量蔗糖做底物和引物，剩余存活的菌可以继续利用提取藻蓝蛋白后剩余螺旋藻藻渣和放氢后死亡的衣藻进行发酵放氢，可获得更高产率的氢气，之后继续利用光合细菌进一步放氢，形成连续放氢网络，这一步还在探索之中。 作为一项应用基础研究，从三角瓶里的实验到工厂化生产还有很长的路，希望本实验的工作能为以后同类研究提供一些有用的信息和启发。

Viewing the future

As many industrial organizations have learned to apply roadmapping successfully, they have also learned that it is "roadmapping" rather than "the roadmap" that generates value. This two-part special report has focused primarily on product and technology roadmapping in industry. The first part (RTM, March-April 2003, pp. 26-59) examined the workings of the process at Lucent Technologies, Rockwell Automation, the pharmaceutical/biotechnology industry, and United Kingdom-based Domino Printing Sciences. This second part examines roadmapping in the UK, Motorola, General Motors, the services sector, and in cases that demand major investment decisions under conditions of volatility.

Comparative map between the domestic pig and dog

Cross-species chromosome painting with probes derived from flow-sorted dog and human chromosomes was used to construct a high-resolution comparative map for the pig. In total 98 conserved autosomal segments between pig and dog were detected by probes specific for the 38 autosomes and X Chromosome of the dog. Further integration of our results with the published human-dog and cat-dog comparative maps, and with data from comparative gene mapping, increases the resolution of the current pig-human comparative map. It allows for the conserved syntenies detected in the pig, human, and cat to be aligned against the putative ancestral karyotype of eutherian mammals and for the history of karyotype evolution of the pig lineage to be reconstructed. Fifteen fusions, 17 fissions, and 23 inversions are required to convert the ancestral mammalian karyotype into the extant karyotype of the pig.

High-density comparative BAC mapping in the black muntjac (Muntiacus crinifrons): Molecular cytogenetic dissection of the origin of MCR 1p+4 in the X1X2Y1Y2Y3 sex chromosome system

The black muntjac (Muntiacus crinifrons, 2n = 8 female/9 male) is a critically endangered mammalian species that is confined to a narrow region of southeastern China. Male black muntjacs have an astonishing X1X2Y1Y2Y3 sex chromosome system, unparalleled i

Construction and characterization of bacterial artificial chromosome library of black-handed spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi)

The large-insert genomic DNA library is a critical resource for genome-wide genetic dissection of target species. We constructed a high-redundancy bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of a New World monkey species, the black-handed spider monkey

Detecting lineage-specific adaptive evolution of brain-expressed genes in human using rhesus macaque as outgroup

Comparative genetic analysis between human and chimpanzee may detect genetic divergences responsible for human-specific characteristics. Previous studies have identified a series of genes that potentially underwent Darwinian positive selection during huma

Rapid evolution of an X-linked microRNA cluster in primates

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a growing class of small RNAs ( about 22 nt) that play crucial regulatory roles in the genome by targeting mRNAs for cleavage or translational repression. Most of the identified miRNAs are highly conserved among species, indicating

CpG island density and its correlations with genomic features in mammalian genomes

Background: CpG islands, which are clusters of CpG dinucleotides in GC-rich regions, are considered gene markers and represent an important feature of mammalian genomes. Previous studies of CpG islands have largely been on specific loci or within one geno