Liderança em Resorts: um estudo dos estilos praticados no Brasil

O segmento da Hotelaria é profundamente afetado pelo comportamento de seus líderes e suas características pessoais, e especialmente, pela maneira como influenciam seus seguidores a alcancarem este resultado. Sendo assim, o presente artigo tem como objetivo geral identificar e analisar os estilos de liderança praticados nos resorts do Brasil. Buscou ainda mapear no grupo de gestores, quais possuem o estilo de liderança transacional e transformacional pela opinião dos próprios gestores e de seus liderados. Para tanto, como método de pesquisa foi realizado um estudo exploratório descritivo de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa, junto a 169 funcionários de 14 resorts certificados pela Associação Brasileira de Resorts do Brasil de todas as regiões do país. Os dados coletados através da pesquisa quantitativa foram tratados por meio da técnica estatística de análise fatorial confirmatória, bem como de técnicas estatísticas de análise de frequência e variância. Já os dados obtidos através da pesquisa qualitativa foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise do discurso - Focus Group. Os resultados da pesquisa quantitativa demonstraram que o estilo de liderança predominante praticado nos resorts do Brasil é o Transformacional. Já os resultados da pesquisa qualitativa apresentaram-se de forma contrária e demonstraram que o estilo de liderança predominante é o Transacional. Esta discrepância entre os resultados das duas pesquisas levou à busca de um entendimento maior acerca das possíveis causas, chegando à conclusão de que a desejabilidade social pode explicar a diferença de opinião dos líderes e liderados participantes da pesquisa quantitativa.

Equilíbrios Difíceis: stress laboral, equilíbrio trabalho/família e diferenças de género entre os colaboradores de uma empresa de tecnologias da informação

O stress é não apenas inerente para o ser humano, como indispensável para a sua sobrevivência. À medida que as sociedades humanas evoluíram, assim também se alteraram as principais fontes de stress. Actualmente o stress organizacional é uma das principais áreas de investigação, bem como as suas relações com a família e a vida pessoal. Em foco estão ainda as variáveis individuais que servem como moderadoras da experiência de stress, como o coping e o suporte social. Neste trabalho procurou-se conhecer os níveis de stress experienciados pelos colaboradores da Cisco Systems Lda, identificando diferenças de género e entre os tipos de trabalho. Pretendeu-se ainda relacionar o stress no trabalho com o equilíbrio trabalho/família, equlíbrio vida pessoal/trabalho, suporte social e coping. Através de um estudo não experimental transversal, descritivo/descritivo correlacional, com 42 sujeitos, utilizando o PMI – Pressure Management Indicator, foi possível identificar quatro factores, com α a partir de 0,531 para as variáveis moderadoras ate 0,904 para as variáveis stressoras. Os trabalhadores da amostra trabalham em média 49,7 horas por semana, apontando como principal razão “para que o trabalho seja feito”; 31,7% consideram estar a sofrer de pressão negativa iniciada há mais de 3 meses. Estão muito satisfeitos com a organização, mas sentem pressão devido ao volume de trabalho, ao relacionamento interpessoal e às dificuldades em desligar do trabalho quando em casa, fazendo uso de estratégias focadas no problema e de suporte social. Existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre homens e mulheres nas subescalas “Estado de espírito” e “Nível de confiança”, indicando níveis mais altos de segurança e satisfação com o seu estado mental para o grupo dos homens. No que respeita aos tipos de trabalho, foi possível identificar diferenças entre as categorias Sénior gerência/profissional e Manual/hábil nas subescalas “Nível de energia”, “Volume de trabalho” e “Equilíbrio vida/trabalho”. Existe correlação positiva entre as variáveis stressoras e a subescala “Equilíbrio trabalho/família” (r=0,890; p<0,000) e entre as variáveis stressoras e a escala de Coping (r=0,748; p<0,000), sugerindo que níveis de stress elevados interferem com a vida familiar e conduzem a maior utilização das estratégias de coping. Apesar das políticas de recursos humanos da empresa no sentido de promover a conciliação entre trabalho e vida pessoal e familiar, há ainda margem para intervir e melhorar. / Stress is not only inherent to the human being, it’s essential to survival. As the humans societies evolved, so did the major sources of stress. These days, organizational stress is one of the main areas of research, as it is it’s relation with family and personal life. Under the spotlight are also individual variables that moderate the stress experience, such as coping and social support. With this paper, we intended to know the levels of stress experienced by the workers of Cisco Systems Lda, identifying gender and work type differences. We were also intending to relate work stress with home/work balance, life/work balance, social support and coping. Using a cross sectional correlational study, with n=42, using the PMI, we were able to identify four factors, with α starting on 0,531 for moderator variables to 0,904 for stressor variables. The workers on this sample work an average of 49,7 hours per week, naming “to get the job done” as the main reason for it. 31,7% consider to be suffering from negative pressure that started more than 3 months ago. They are very satisfied with the organization, but feel pressure due to workload, interpersonal relationship and the difficulties in switching off from work when at home. They use mostly Problem focus strategies and social support.There are statically significative differences between men and women in the subscales “State of mind” and “Confidence level”, which indicate higher levels of security and satisfaction with their state of mind for men. Regarding work types, we were able to identify differences between senior Management and Manual categories on subscales “Energy level”, “Workload” and “Life/work balance”. There is a positive correlation between stressor variables and the subscales “Home/work balance” (r=0,890; p<0,000) and between stressor variables and Coping scale (r=0,748; p<0,000), suggesting that high levels of stress interfere with family life and lead to higher use of coping mechanisms. Despite the company’s human resources policies to promote the balance between work and personal and family life, there is still place to intervene and improve.

Transformational Leadership or Effective Managerial Practices?

A study was conducted to analyze B.M. Bass and B.J. Avolio's concept of transformational leadership by comparing their Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) with the Managerial Practices Survey (MPS) of G.A. Yukl. The MPS advocated scales related to idealized influence, inspirational motivation, personal considerations and intellectual stimulation. On the other hand, the MPS supported four scales on managerial practices, namely clarifying, supporting, inspiring and team building. Results indicated differences between the constructs determined by the scales. Findings also showed that a composite determinant of transformational leadership supported a variance in leadership effectiveness ratings.

Evaluación del programa de alimentación complementaria en escolares, Cuenca - Azuay, octubre de 1988 - julio de 1989

Doctor en Medicina y Cirugia

Exposure of children to ultrafine particles in primary schools in Portugal

Children spend a large part of their time at schools, which might be reflected as chronic exposure. Ultrafine particles (UFP) are generally associated with a more severe toxicity compared to fine and coarse particles, due to their ability to penetrate cell membranes. In addition, children tend to be more susceptible to UFP-mediated toxicity compared to adults, due to various factors including undeveloped immune and respiratory systems and inhalation rates. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine indoor UFP number concentrations in Portuguese primary schools. Ultrafine particles were sampled between January and March 2014 in 10 public primary schools (35 classrooms) located in Porto, Portugal. Overall, the average indoor UFP number concentrations were not significantly different from outdoor concentrations (8.69 × 10(3) vs. 9.25 × 10(3) pt/cm(3), respectively; considering 6.5 h of indoor occupancy). Classrooms with distinct characteristics showed different trends of indoor UFP concentrations. The levels of carbon dioxide were negatively correlated with indoor UFP concentrations. Occupational density was significantly and positively correlated with UFP concentrations. Although the obtained results need to be interpreted with caution since there are no guidelines for UFP levels, special attention needs to be given to source control strategies in order to reduce major particle emissions and ensure good indoor air quality.

Chromatographic analysis and survey studies to evaluate the emerging drugs of synthetic cannabinoids in Scotland and Saudi Arabia

Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists or more commonly known as synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) were originally created to obtain the medicinal value of THC but they are an emerging social problem. SCs are mostly produced coated on herbal materials or in powder form and marketed under a variety of brand names, e.g. “Spice”, “K2”. Despite many SCs becoming controlled under drug legislation, many of them remain legal in some countries around the world. In Scotland, SCs are controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 and Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 that only cover a few early SCs. In Saudi Arabia, even fewer are controlled. The picture of the SCs-problem in Scotland is vague due to insufficient prevalence data, particularly that using biological samples. Whilst there is evidence of increasing use of SCs throughout the world, in Saudi Arabia, there is currently no data regarding the use of products containing SCs among Saudi people. Several studies indicate that SCs may cause serious toxicity and impairment to health therefore it is important to understand the scale of use within society. A simple and sensitive method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of 10 parent SCs (JWH-018, JWH-073, JWH-250, JWH-200, AM-1248, UR-144, A-796260, AB-FUBINACA, 5F-AKB-48 and 5F-PB-22) in whole blood and 8 corresponding metabolites (JWH-018 4-OH pentyl, JWH-073 3-OH butyl, JWH-250 4-OH pentyl, AM-2201 4-OH pentyl, JWH-122 5-OH pentyl, JWH-210 5-OH pentyl, 5F-AKB-48 (N-4 OH pentyl), 5F-PB-22 3-carboxyindole)in urine using LLE and LC-MS/MS. The method was validated according to the standard practices for method validation in forensic toxicology (SWGTOX, May 2013). All analytes gave acceptable precision, linearity and recovery for analysing blood and urine samples. The method was applied to 1,496 biological samples, a mixture of whole blood and urine. Blood and/or urine samples were analysed from 114 patients presenting at Accident and Emergency in Glasgow Royal Infirmary, in spring 2014 and JuneDecember 2015. 5F-AKB-48, 5F-PB-22 and MDMB-CHMICA were detected in 9, 7 and 9 cases respectively. 904 urine samples from individuals admitted to/liberated from Scottish prisons over November 2013 were tested for the presence of SCs. 5F-AKB-48 (N-4 OH pentyl) was detected in 10 cases and 5F-PB-22 3-carboxyindole in 3 cases. Blood and urine samples from two post-mortem cases in Scotland with suspected ingestion of SCs were analysed. Both cases were confirmed positive for 5F-AKB-48. A total of 463 urine samples were collected from personnel who presented to the Security Forces Hospital in Ryiadh for workplace drug testing as a requirement for their job during July 2014. The results of the analysis found 2 samples to be positive for 5F-PB-22 3carboxyindole. A further study in Saudi Arabia using a questionnaire was carried out among 3 subpopulations: medical professionals, members of the public in and around smoking cafes and known drug users. With regards to general awareness of Spice products, 16%, 11% and 22% of those participants of medical professionals, members of the public in and around smoking cafes and known drug users, respectively, were aware of the existence of SCs or Spice products. The respondents had an overall average of 4.5% who had a friend who used these Spice products. It is clear from the results obtained in both blood and urine testing and surveys that SCs are being used in both Scotland and Saudi Arabia. The extent of their use is not clear and the data presented here is an initial look into their prevalence. Blood and urine findings suggest changing trends in SC use, moving away from JWH and AM SCs to the newer 5F-AKB-48, 5-F-PB-22 and MDMBCHMICA compounds worldwide. In both countries 5F-PB-22 was detected. These findings clarify how the SCs phenomenon is a worldwide problem and how the information of every country regarding what SCs are seized can help and is not specific for that country. The analytes included in the method were selected due to their apparent availability in both countries, however it is possible that some newer analytes have been used and these would not have been detected. For this reason it is important that methods for testing SCs are updated regularly and evolve with the ever-changing availability of these drugs worldwide. In addition, there is little published literature regarding the concentrations of these drugs found in blood and urine samples and this work goes some way towards understanding these.

Controlling Pattern Formation in Nanoparticle Assemblies via Directed Solvent Dewetting

We have achieved highly localised control of pattern formation in two dimensional nanoparticle assemblies by direct modification of solvent dewetting dynamics. A striking dependence of nanoparticle organisation on the size of atomic force microscope-generated surface heterogeneities is observed and reproduced in numerical simulations. Nanoscale features induce rupture of the solvent-nanoparticle film, causing the local flow of solvent to carry nanoparticles into confinement. Microscale heterogeneities instead slow the evaporation of the solvent, producing a remarkably abrupt interface between different nanoparticle patterns.

When “happy” means “sad”: neuropsychological evidence for the right prefrontal cortex contribution to executive semantic processing

The contribution of the left inferior prefrontal cortex in semantic processing has been widely investigated in the last decade. Converging evidence from functional imaging studies shows that this region is involved in the “executive” or “controlled” aspects of semantic processing. In this study, we report a single case study of a patient, PW, with damage to the right prefrontal and temporal cortices following stroke. PW showed a problem in executive control of semantic processing, where he could not easily override automatic but irrelevant semantic processing. This case thus shows the necessary role of the right inferior prefrontal cortex in executive semantic processing. Compared to tasks previously used in the literature, our tasks placed higher demands on executive semantic processing. We suggest that the right inferior prefrontal cortex is recruited when the demands on executive semantic processing are particularly high.

An Examination of Psychological Meaningfulness, Safety, and Availability as the Underlying Mechanisms linking Job Features and Personal Characteristics to Work Engagement

The present study tested a nomological net of work engagement that was derived from its extant research. Two of the main work engagement models that have been presented and empirically tested in the literature, the JD-R model and Kahn’s model, were integrated to test the effects that job features and personal characteristics can have on work engagement through the psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety, and availability. In this study, safety refers to psychological perceptions of safety and not workplace safety behaviors. The job features that were tested in this model included person-job fit, autonomy, co-worker relations, supervisor support, procedural justice, and interactional justice, while the personal characteristics consisted of self-consciousness, self-efficacy, extraversion, and neuroticism. Thirty-four hypotheses and a conceptual model were tested in order to establish the viability of this nomological net of work engagement in which it was expected that meaningfulness would mediate the relationships between job features and work engagement, safety would mediate the relationships that job features and personal characteristics have with work engagement, and availability (physical, emotional, and cognitive resources) would mediate the relationships that personal characteristics have with work engagement. Furthermore, analyses were run in order to determine the factor structure of work engagement, assess whether or not it exhibits differential validity from organizational commitment and job satisfaction, and confirm that it is positively related to the outcome variable of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The final sample consisted of 500 workers from an online labor market who responded to a questionnaire composed of measures of all constructs included in this study. Findings show that work engagement is best represented as a three-factor construct, composed of vigor, dedication and absorption. Furthermore, support was found for the distinction of work engagement from the related constructs of organizational commitment and job satisfaction. With regard to the proposed model, meaningfulness proved to be the strongest predictor of work engagement. Results show that it partially mediates the relationships that all job features have with work engagement. Safety proved to be a partial mediator of the relationships that autonomy, co-worker relations, supervisor support, procedural justice, interactional justice, and self-efficacy have with work engagement, and fully mediate the relationship between neuroticism and work engagement. Findings also show that availability partially mediates the positive relationships that extraversion and self-efficacy have with work engagement, and fully mediates the negative relationship that neuroticism has with work engagement. Finally, a positive relationship was found between work engagement and OCB. Research and organizational implications are discussed.

LMS tables for waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio among Colombian children and adolescents: The FUPRECOL study

Background: Indices predictive of central obesity include waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). The aims of this study were 1) to establish a Colombian youth smoothed centile charts and LMS tables for WC and WHtR and 2) to evaluate the utility of these parameters as predictors of overweight and obesity. Method: A cross-sectional study whose sample population comprised 7954 healthy Colombian schoolchildren [boys n=3460 and girls n=4494, mean (standard deviation) age 12.8 (2.3) years old]. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), WC and WHtR and its percentiles were calculated. Appropriate cut-offs point of WC and WHtR for overweight and obesity, as defined by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) definitions, were selected using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The discriminating power of WC and WHtR was expressed as area under the curve (AUC). Results: Reference values for WC and WHtR are presented. Mean WC increased and WHtR decreased with age for both genders. We found a moderate positive correlation between WC and BMI (r= 0.756, P < 0.01) and WHtR and BMI (r= 0.604, P < 0.01). The ROC analysis showed a high discrimination power in the identification of overweight and obesity for both measures in our sample population. Overall, WHtR was slightly a better predictor for overweight/obesity (AUC 95% CI 0.868-0.916) than the WC (AUC 95% CI 0.862-0.904). Conclusion: This paper presents the first sex- and age-specific WC and WHtR percentiles for both measures among Colombian children and adolescents aged 9–17.9 years. By providing LMS tables for Latin-American people based on Colombian reference data, we hope to provide quantitative tools for the study of obesity and its comorbidities.

Modelo de gestión para la atención integral de pacientes con enfermedades huérfanas o raras en Colombia

Las enfermedades raras o huérfanas corresponden a aquellas con baja prevalencia en la población, y en varios países tienen una definición distinta de acuerdo con el número de pacientes que afectan en la población. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), las define como un trastorno que afecta de 650 a 1.000 personas por millón de habitantes, de las que se han identificado alrededor de 7.000. En Colombia su prevalencia es menor de 1 por cada 5.000 personas y comprenden: las enfermedades raras, las ultra-huérfanas y las olvidadas. Los pacientes con este tipo de enfermedades imponen retos a los sistemas sanitarios, pues si bien afectan a un bajo porcentaje de la población, su atención implica una alta carga económica por los costos que involucra su atención, la complejidad en su diagnóstico, tratamiento, seguimiento y rehabilitación. El abordaje de las enfermedades raras requiere un manejo interdisciplinar e intersectorial, lo que implica la organización de cada actor del sistema sanitario para su manejo a través de un modelo que abraque las dinámicas posibles entre ellos y las competencias de cada uno. Por lo anterior, y teniendo en cuenta la necesidad de formular políticas sanitarias específicas para la gestión de estas enfermedades, el presente trabajo presenta una aproximación a la formulación de un modelo de gestión para la atención integral de pacientes con enfermedades raras en Colombia. Esta investigación describe los distintos elementos y características de los modelos de gestión clínica y de las enfermedades raras a través de una revisión de literatura, en la que se incluye la descripción de los distintos actores del Sistema de Salud Colombiano, relacionados con la atención integral de estos pacientes para la documentación de un modelo de gestión integral.

The Analogy as a Cognitive Strategy that Encourages Reading Comprehension in Expository Texts

This research arises from the current state of reading in Mexico, because the contextual situation to local and national level has become critical on this issue. Results on standardized tests such as ENLACE (National Assessment of Academic Achievement in Schools) and PISA (Program for International Student Assessment) have shown that Mexican basic level students have text comprehension problems. Given this reality, this is a qualitative descriptive study on the use of analogies in reading as a strategy for reading comprehension, through application of an ethnographic survey, a questionnaire and the application of a pedagogical model for the use of analogies in reading. The study incorporates the theoretical tenets of Constructivism, referring to Piaget (1969), Vygotsky (1997) and Ausubel (2002). The results show that the use of analogies promotes reading comprehension in 4th grade students, from an expository text that compares the evolution of man and the metamorphosis of a butterfly.

Comportamento físico-hídrico de solos arenosos no Projeto Apolônio Salles - Petrolândia - PE.

Muitas áreas com solos arenosos vêm sendo irrigadas de modo inadequado devido a falta de conhecimentos, particularmente físico-hídricos, causando desperdícios da água e insumos, concorrendo para o aumento do custo de produção agrícola e degradação ambiental. Com o objetivo de gerar conhecimentos sobre aspectos relacionados com parâmetros físicos e hídricos dos solos arenosos irrigados no Projeto de irrigação Apolônio Sales em Petrolândia - PE foram realizados estudos hidropedológicos centrados principalmente nas determinações do movimento e armazenamento da água no solo. Foram selecionados 05 lotes irrigados onde foram descritos e amostrados perfis de Neossolos Quartzarênicos e avaliada a velocidade de infiltração básica, a capacidade de infiltração capacidade de campo dos solos. Os perfis analisados apresentam pequenas diferenças quanto à textura em profundidade, diretamente relacionadas às variações dos parâmetros hidrodinâmicos estudados. Nos solos com textura areia em superfície e tendendo a areia franca em subsuperfície, os valores médios das taxas de infiltração básica variaram entre 286 e 904 mm/h. Já nas repetições dos testes, iniciados com o solo no estado úmido (em torno da capacidade de campo), a faixa de variação dos valores médios de 228 e 413 mm/h. Solos com textura somente na classe areia, os valores médios dos testes situaram-se na faixa de 604 e 668 mm/h. Nas repetições dos testes, a variação média das taxas de infiltração foi de 190 e 292 mm/h. Tais valores caracterizam taxas de infiltração rápida a muito rápida. Com relação ao armazenamento hídrico, as diferenças mais notáveis entre os solos, indicam que estão relacionadas ao conteúdo e a distribuição das frações mais finas nos perfis dos solos.