Las TIC y la educaci??n en los estudios sobre la fragilidad en personas mayores

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

A Monte Carlo-Based Fiber Tracking Algorithm using Diffusion Tensor MRI

Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging, which measures directional information of water diffusion in the brain, has emerged as a powerful tool for human brain studies. In this paper, we introduce a new Monte Carlo-based fiber tracking approach to estimate brain connectivity. One of the main characteristics of this approach is that all parameters of the algorithm are automatically determined at each point using the entropy of the eigenvalues of the diffusion tensor. Experimental results show the good performance of the proposed approach

Developing a set of materials to teach hearing children about hearing impairment

This paper contains a set of materials to help hearing persons understand hearing loss.

La crítica posoccidental y la modernidad

La modernidad ha sido unos de los conceptos centrales de laS ciencias sociales occidentales y un tema fundamental del imaginario histórico occidental y un tema fundamental del imaginario histórico occidental. El tema de la relación entre la modernidad y América Latina ha generado un intenso debate en el campo de las ciencias sociales durante los últimos años. El presente estudio analiza la contribución que sobre este tema han realizado un grupo de estudiosos latinoamericanos dedicado a "deconstuir" la modernidad bajo la bandera del enfoque posoccidental. Enrique Dussel, Walter Mignolo, Fernando Coronil, Arturo Escobar y Santiago Castro-Gómez, son los más representativos dentro de esta corriente de pensamiento. La descontrucción posoccidental de la modernidad, basada en la crítica posestruturalista y poscolonial, denuncia el carácter eurocéntrico del conocimiento, analiza críticamente la relación entre centro y periferia dentro del sistema capitalista global y considera de una manera distintiva el rol que los pueblos no europeos e históricamente colonizados han brindado a la construcción del llamado “mundo moderno”. El análisis del enfoque posoccidental que Jed Shlosberg acomete, se presenta como una genealogía crítica del concepto modernidad y de los nexos que estos autores mantiene con el enfoque del sistema mundo y la teoría de la dependencia.

Kipus: revista andina de letras. 23 (Reseñas)

Presenta las reseñas de los sigietnes libros: ALICIA ORTEGA CAICEDO, EDIT., Sartre y nosotros, Quito, Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Sede Ecuador / Editorial El Conejo, 2007, 331 pp. -- SANTIAGO RONCAGLIOLO, Abril Rojo, Madrid, Alfaguara, 2006, 344 pp. -- RAÚL VALLEJO, Missa Solemnis, Quito, Seix Barral, 2008, 128 pp. -- LEONARDO VALENCIA, El libro flotante de Caytran Dölphin, Quito, Paradiso Editores, 2006, 343 pp. -- PABLO AYALA ROMÁN, El mundo del rock en Quito, Quito, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados / Corporación Editora Nacional, 2008, 182 pp. -- GABRIELA ALEMÁN, Poso Wells, Quito, Eskeletra, 2007, 393 pp. -- RAMIRO ARIAS, Todo el sabor tropical, Quito, Eskeletra, 2008, 411 pp. -- HUGO LARREA BENALCÁZAR, Cuando tú te hayas ido, Quito, El Conejo, 2008, 383, pp. -- ERNESTO CARRIÓN, Muerte de Caín, Quito, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 2007, 305 pp. -- CÉSAR DÁVILA ANDRADE, Obra poética, Quito, Colección Memoria de Vida, vol. 8, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 2007, 358 pp. -- GILDA HOLST, Bumerán, Guayaquil, b@ez.editor.es, 2006, 119 pp. -- FERNANDO AMPUERO, Puta linda, Lima, Planeta, 2006, 127 pp.

La acción extraordinaria de protección en la Constitución 2008 del Ecuador

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar, desde una perspectiva crítica, la aplicación de la garantía jurisdiccional denominada acción extraordinaria de protección, AEP, tal como fue concebida y creada por la Constitución 2008: para proteger los derechos constitucionales cuando han sido lesionados dentro de un proceso por parte de los administradores de justicia. Se han utilizado los métodos jurídico-comparativo, histórico y jurídicoconstitucional porque el análisis incluye la revisión de la institución en otros países, la historia de la garantía en el Ecuador y su fundamento constitucional. Se optó por la investigación aplicada para examinar y determinar si los ciudadanos han alcanzado la efectividad de sus derechos con base de los datos estadísticos existentes sobre su atención en la instancia constitucional. El trabajo se presenta en tres capítulos: en el primero se parte del estudio comparativo de las garantías en los textos constitucionales de otros países, se refiere la evolución de las garantías en las constituciones del Ecuador y se determina el escenario que propició la creación de la AEP. En el segundo capítulo se realiza el estudio de la naturaleza jurídica de la garantía y el fundamento jurídico constitucional, así como el procedimiento establecido para la sustanciación en la Corte Constitucional; en varios apartados se analiza sentencias de AEP. El capítulo 3 está dedicado al análisis cuantitativo de las causas despachadas y su incidencia en diferentes aspectos, como son la necesidad de capacitación y publicación de todos los fallos, tiempos de despacho, derechos reclamados/aceptados/negados, predominio de reclamos del debido proceso. Se incluyen los gráficos que corresponden a los datos. En la última parte se consignan las conclusiones, cuyo corolario final es que la aplicación de la AEP por parte de la Corte Constitucional no cumple con la concepción constitucional original de salvaguardar los derechos lesionados en las sentencias judiciales.

The relationship between diffuse spectral reflectance of the soil and its cation exchange capacity is scale-dependent

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is increasingly being used to predict numerous soil physical, chemical and biochemical properties. However, soil properties and processes vary at different scales and, as a result, relationships between soil properties often depend on scale. In this paper we report on how the relationship between one such property, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and the DRS of the soil depends on spatial scale. We show this by means of a nested analysis of covariance of soils sampled on a balanced nested design in a 16 km × 16 km area in eastern England. We used principal components analysis on the DRS to obtain a reduced number of variables while retaining key variation. The first principal component accounted for 99.8% of the total variance, the second for 0.14%. Nested analysis of the variation in the CEC and the two principal components showed that the substantial variance components are at the > 2000-m scale. This is probably the result of differences in soil composition due to parent material. We then developed a model to predict CEC from the DRS and used partial least squares (PLS) regression do to so. Leave-one-out cross-validation results suggested a reasonable predictive capability (R2 = 0.71 and RMSE = 0.048 molc kg− 1). However, the results from the independent validation were not as good, with R2 = 0.27, RMSE = 0.056 molc kg− 1 and an overall correlation of 0.52. This would indicate that DRS may not be useful for predictions of CEC. When we applied the analysis of covariance between predicted and observed we found significant scale-dependent correlations at scales of 50 and 500 m (0.82 and 0.73 respectively). DRS measurements can therefore be useful to predict CEC if predictions are required, for example, at the field scale (50 m). This study illustrates that the relationship between DRS and soil properties is scale-dependent and that this scale dependency has important consequences for prediction of soil properties from DRS data

Signs of l-doubling constants in NF3

Computed infrared band contours are presented for the two degenerate fundamentals of the NF3 molecule, using the l-resonance band contour program described by Cartwright and Mills, with values of the vibration-rotation constants determined from the microwave spectrum by Morino and co-workers. Computed contours are presented for both possible signs of the l-doubling constant, and comparison with the observed band contours leads to the conclusion that q3 = −121.4 MHz and q4 = +51.4 MHz.

An exploration of the drivers to bio-security collective action among a sample of UK cattle and sheep farmers

At present, collective action regarding bio-security among UK cattle and sheep farmers is rare. Despite the occurrence of catastrophic livestock diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and foot and mouth disease (FMD), within recent decades, there are few national or local farmer-led animal health schemes. To explore the reasons for this apparent lack of interest, we utilised a socio-psychological approach to disaggregate the cognitive, emotive and contextual factors driving bio-security behaviour among cattle and sheep farmers in the United Kingdom (UK). In total, we interviewed 121 farmers in South-West England and Wales. The main analytical tools included a content, cluster and logistic regression analysis. The results of the content analysis illustrated apparent 'dissonance' between bio-security attitudes and behaviour.(1) Despite the heavy toll animal disease has taken on the agricultural economy, most study participants were dismissive of the many measures associated with bio-security. Justification for this lack of interest was largely framed in relation to the collective attribution or blame for the disease threats themselves. Indeed, epidemic diseases were largely related to external actors and agents. Reasons for outbreaks included inadequate border control, in tandem with ineffective policies and regulations. Conversely, endemic livestock disease was viewed as a problem for 'bad' farmers and not an issue for those individuals who managed their stock well. As such, there was little utility in forming groups to address what was largely perceived as an individual problem. Further, we found that attitudes toward bio-security did not appear to be influenced by any particular source of information per se. While strong negative attitudes were found toward specific sources of bio-security information, e.g. government leaflets, these appear to simply reflect widely held beliefs. In relation to actual bio-security behaviours, the logistic regression analysis revealed no significant difference between in-scheme and out of scheme farmers. We concluded that in order to support collective action with regard to bio-security, messages need to be reframed and delivered from a neutral source. Efforts to support group formation must also recognise and address the issues relating to perceptions of social connectedness among the communities involved. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Novel single chain antibodies to the prion protein identified by phage display

A well defined structure is available for the carboxyl half of the cellular prion protein (PrPc), while the structure of the amino terminal half of the molecule remains ill defined. The unstructured nature of the polypeptide has meant that relatively few of the many antibodies generated against PrPc recognise this region. To circumvent this problem, we have used a previously characterised and well expressed fragment derived from the amino terminus of PrPc as bait for panning a single chain antibody phage (scFv-P) library. Using this approach, we identified and characterised I predominant and 3 additional scFv-Ps that contained different V-H and V-L sequences and that bound specifically to the PrPc target. Epitope mapping revealed that all scFv-Ps recognised linear epitopes between PrPc residues 76 and 156. When compared with existing monoclonal antibodies (MAb), the binding of the scFvs was significantly different in that high level binding was evident on truncated forms of PrPc that reacted poorly or not at all with several pre-existing MAbs. These data suggest that the isolated scFv-Ps bind to novel epitopes within the aminocentral region of PrPc. In addition, the binding of MAbs to known linear epitopes within PrPc depends strongly on the endpoints of the target PrPc fragment used. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Direct repeats in the flavivirus 3' untranslated region; a strategy for survival in the environment?

Previously, direct repeats (DRs) of 20-70 nucleotides were identified in the 3' untranslated regions (3'UTR) of flavivirus sequences. To address their functional significance, we have manually generated a pan-flavivirus 3'UTR alignment and correlated it with the corresponding predicted RNA secondary structures. This approach revealed that intra-group-conserved DRs evolved from six long repeated sequences (LRSs) which, as approximately 200-nucleotide domains were preserved only in the genomes of the slowly evolving tick-borne flaviviruses. We propose that short DRs represent the evolutionary remnants of LRSs rather than distinct molecular duplications. The relevance of DRs to virus replication enhancer function, and thus survival, is discussed.