Promoting Programming Learning. Engagement, Automatic Assessment with Immediate Feedback in Visualizations

The skill of programming is a key asset for every computer science student. Many studies have shown that this is a hard skill to learn and the outcomes of programming courses have often been substandard. Thus, a range of methods and tools have been developed to assist students’ learning processes. One of the biggest fields in computer science education is the use of visualizations as a learning aid and many visualization based tools have been developed to aid the learning process during last few decades. Studies conducted in this thesis focus on two different visualizationbased tools TRAKLA2 and ViLLE. This thesis includes results from multiple empirical studies about what kind of effects the introduction and usage of these tools have on students’ opinions and performance, and what kind of implications there are from a teacher’s point of view. The results from studies in this thesis show that students preferred to do web-based exercises, and felt that those exercises contributed to their learning. The usage of the tool motivated students to work harder during their course, which was shown in overall course performance and drop-out statistics. We have also shown that visualization-based tools can be used to enhance the learning process, and one of the key factors is the higher and active level of engagement (see. Engagement Taxonomy by Naps et al., 2002). The automatic grading accompanied with immediate feedback helps students to overcome obstacles during the learning process, and to grasp the key element in the learning task. These kinds of tools can help us to cope with the fact that many programming courses are overcrowded with limited teaching resources. These tools allows us to tackle this problem by utilizing automatic assessment in exercises that are most suitable to be done in the web (like tracing and simulation) since its supports students’ independent learning regardless of time and place. In summary, we can use our course’s resources more efficiently to increase the quality of the learning experience of the students and the teaching experience of the teacher, and even increase performance of the students. There are also methodological results from this thesis which contribute to developing insight into the conduct of empirical evaluations of new tools or techniques. When we evaluate a new tool, especially one accompanied with visualization, we need to give a proper introduction to it and to the graphical notation used by tool. The standard procedure should also include capturing the screen with audio to confirm that the participants of the experiment are doing what they are supposed to do. By taken such measures in the study of the learning impact of visualization support for learning, we can avoid drawing false conclusion from our experiments. As computer science educators, we face two important challenges. Firstly, we need to start to deliver the message in our own institution and all over the world about the new – scientifically proven – innovations in teaching like TRAKLA2 and ViLLE. Secondly, we have the relevant experience of conducting teaching related experiment, and thus we can support our colleagues to learn essential know-how of the research based improvement of their teaching. This change can transform academic teaching into publications and by utilizing this approach we can significantly increase the adoption of the new tools and techniques, and overall increase the knowledge of best-practices. In future, we need to combine our forces and tackle these universal and common problems together by creating multi-national and multiinstitutional research projects. We need to create a community and a platform in which we can share these best practices and at the same time conduct multi-national research projects easily.

Under ytan, vid ytan och ovanför ytan : analys av tanken bakom tre läromedel i slöjd

This thesis is based on the personal experience gained related to the planning and production of three web-based teaching materials for the teaching subject knownas sloyd at the comprehensive school in Finland. After the teaching materials had been produced and published on the Internet at the Finnish textile teachers' website KässäBoxi, the idea for this thesis emanated from the questions: Why do the three teaching materials look the way they do and why do other textile teachers comment that they are different? In earlier sloyd educational research it has been stated that a scientific paradigm affects the individual ideology of a sloyd teacher. The aimfor my doctoral thesis is to continue on the topic. As the area of interest comprises the thought behind three teaching materials in sloyd, the aim of the thesis is to show how teaching and educational ideologies in sloyd appear in the teaching materials at hand. The research approach has parallels to research about another, tangible phenomena, namely the iceberg. In a similar way as an iceberg, a teaching material has a profound base, but the base is not always completely visible to the user of the teaching material. In this thesis I strive to show what there is under the surface, on the surface and above the surface of three teaching materials in sloyd. The research approach is defined as qualitative and phenomenologic-hermeneutic. The analysis results in knowledge about how the producer of a teaching material affects the character of a teaching material by choices concerning for example the form, structure, language and illustrations of the teaching material. The analysis also shows how the producers' individual educational and teaching ideologies within the teaching subject at hand appear by means of traces concerning the view on the pupil and the teacher, and the view on planning and conducting teaching in sloyd. The thesis also results in knowledge about how sloyd educational scientific theories and demands from society, as they are stated in the national core curriculum, appear in the three teaching materials. The application of the sloyd educational scientific theory of individual sloyd activity as a holistic educative system is also widened in the thesis. This thesis contributes to future research on producing teaching materials by information about what aspects a producer of teaching materials needs to consider and how the aspects become visible in the teaching materials. This kind of knowledge is valuable to teacher students in sloyd, to teachers in sloyd who intend to plan and produce teaching materials and to teachers who tutor the planning and production of teaching materials.

The progress and obstacles of implementing and improving e-government in Islamic Republic of Iran

To improving efficiency and transparency of government services, government authorities may increase the frequency of interaction between citizens and government as well as improving the quality of the government services and trust. Electronic Government (E-Government) in definition is the delivery of government services to citizens, businesses, and government organizations through the use of internet, web based applications, and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is the solution to build more reliable and efficient contact with citizens. Like the developing and developed countries, Iran also has been processing the various aspects of ICT, IT, and e-Government. Though, in order to implement and improve e-Government; Iran has faced with some obstacles. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to study progress of e- Government and identify obstacles of implementing and improving e Government in Iran. In this thesis, based on the literature review, the progress of e-Government in Iran was studied and various obstacles were identified. Therefore, as a result, e- Government of Iran is said to be in the transactional stage of the United Nations’ e-Government maturity stages. In addition, establishing more reliable, efficient, and accurate e-Government initiatives, plans, guidelines, and strategies will extremely enhance e-Government status of Iran. On the other hand, the needs of the citizens should always be under consideration when implementing and improving e-Government services; because citizens are considered to be at the core of every e-Government services and the responsibilities of the authorities.

Yliopistohakijan päätöksentekoprosessi markkinointiviestinnän näkökulmasta

Tutkielman tavoitteena on selventää yliopistohakijan päätöksentekoprosessia. Jotta yliopistohakijan päätöksentekoon pystyttiin tarkemmin tutustumaan, selvitettiin informaationhakua hyödyllisien viestintäkanavien ja vaihtoehtojen vertailua tärkeiden valintakriteerien avuilla. Tutkielmassa tarkasteltiin myös sitoutuneisuutta ja subjektiivista tietotasoa, jotta hakijan viitekehystä pystyttiin tarkemmin ymmärtämään. Yliopistohakijoihin kohdistuvaa mainonnan tehokkuutta selvitettiin kolmen mainoksen avulla. Tutkielman empiirinen osa toteutettiin kvantitatiivisena internet -pohjaisena kyselytutkimuksena tilastollisin menetelmin. Otos (n=290) koostui valmennuskurssilla olevista opiskelijoista keväällä 2010. Vastausprosentiksi saatiin 33 %. Johtopäätöksenä voidaan todeta, että yliopistohakijan päätöksentekoprosessi on hyvin monimutkainen. Monimutkaisuutta prosessiin tuo useiden attribuuttien vaikuttavuus päätöksenteossa. Tutkielma on tuottanut viitekehyksen, jonka avulla voidaan havaita yliopistohakijalle tärkeät viestintäkanavat sekä valintakriteerit. Tutkielman avulla myös havaittiin, että yliopistohakijat ovat korkeasti sitoutuneita yliopistohakuun.

The development and evaluation of a distance learning system in ophthalmology

INTRODUCTION: Web-based e-learning is a teaching tool increasingly used in many medical schools and specialist fields, including ophthalmology. AIMS: this pilot study aimed to develop internet-based course-based clinical cases and to evaluate the effectiveness of this method within a graduate medical education group. METHODS: this was an interventional randomized study. First, a website was built using a distance learning platform. Sixteen first-year ophthalmology residents were then divided into two randomized groups: one experimental group, which was submitted to the intervention (use of the e-learning site) and another control group, which was not submitted to the intervention. The students answered a printed clinical case and their scores were compared. RESULTS: there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSION: We were able to successfully develop the e-learning site and the respective clinical cases. Despite the fact that there was no statistically significant difference between the access and the non access group, the study was a pioneer in our department, since a clinical case online program had never previously been developed.

E-portfoliojärjestelmien vertailu rajapintojen näkökulmasta

Työssä tutustutaan erilaisiin e-portfoliojärjestelmiin, niiden ominaisuuksiin ja toiminnallisuuksiin sekä vertaillaan valittuja e-portfoliojärjestelmiä keskenään yhteensopivuuden ja -toimivuuden näkökulmasta yliopistomaailmassa. Tavoitteena on valita e-portfoliojärjestelmistä monipuolisin ja opiskelijaystävällisin järjestelmä. Järjestelmän tulee tukea opiskelijan elinikäistä oppimista. E-portfolio on sähköisessä muodossa oleva omien töiden kokoelma ja sitä hallitaan e-portfoliojärjestelmällä. E-portfoliojärjestelmissä tärkeässä roolissa ovat portfoliospesifikaatiot, jotka mahdollistavat e-portfolion siirtämisen sellaisenaan toiseen järjestelmään rajapintojen kautta. Työssä ei keskitytä henkilökohtaiseen oppimisympäristöön, joka on käsitteenä laajempi kuin e-portfolio. Työssä vertailtiin avoimeen lähdekoodiin perustuvia, web-pohjaisia e-portfoliojärjestelmiä ja tutkittiin niiden tarjoamaa mahdollisuutta portfolioiden siirtoon ja tuomiseen. Lisäksi tarkasteltiin järjestelmien integroituvuutta muihin järjestelmiin, kuten virtuaalisiin oppimisympäristöihin. Vertailun tuloksena monipuolisin ja opiskelijaystävällisin e-portfoliojärjestelmä on Mahara ja yleisin portfoliospesifikaatio Leap2A.

Towards adoption of eLearning technologies at Lappeenranta University of Technology: Understanding Teachers‟ Adoption of Blackboard Learning System

The electronic learning has become crucial in higher education with increased usage of learning management systems as a key source of integration on distance learning. The objective of this study is to understand how university teachers are influenced to use and adopt web-based learning management systems. Blackboard, as one of the systems used internationally by various universities is applied as a case. Semi-structured interviews were made with professors and lecturers who are using Blackboard at Lappeenranta University of Technology. The data collected were categorized under constructs adapted from Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and interpretation and discussion were based on reviewed literature. The findings suggest that adoption of learning management systems by LUT teachers is highly influenced by perceived usefulness, facilitating conditions and gained experience. The findings also suggest that easiness of using the system and social influence appear as medium influence of adoption for teachers at LUT.

Kansainvälisen tutkinto-opiskelijan korkeakoulun arviointi ja valinta

Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoitus on ymmärtää kansainvälisen opiskelijan korkeakoulun arviointi- ja valintaprosessia tutkimalla korkeakouluun liittyvien attribuuttien tärkeyttä, eri maiden ja koulujen valintajoukkoa, päätöksentekojärjestystä ja minkälainen rooli opiskelijan asenteilla, motiiveilla, arvoilla, sitoutumisella ja mielipiteen kysymisellä muilta ihmisiltä on tässä prosessissa. Tutkimuksen teoreettisessa osassa keskitytään kuluttajan päätöksentekoprosessiin, attribuuttien rooliin tässä prosessissa ja kuinka opiskelijan asenteet, motiivit, arvot, sitoutuminen ja mielipiteen kysyminen muilta ihmisiltä vaikuttavat arviointi- ja valintavaiheissa. Tutkimuksen empiirinen osa toteutettiin kvantitatiivisella metodilla ja aineisto kerättiin internetkyselyllä toukokuun 2011 aikana. Tutkimusjoukko koostuu 84 kaupallisen alan kansainvälisestä opiskelijasta, jotka opiskelevat 16 eri korkeakoulussa Suomessa. Vastausprosentti oli 13,5 %. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että eri koulujen ja maiden valintajoukko on suuri, päätös koulutusohjelmasta on tärkein ja on monia eri attribuutteja, jotka ovat tärkeitä kun arvioidaan ja valitaan korkeakoulua ulkomailta. Tutkimuksen merkittävin tulos on, että opiskelijan henkilökohtaiset arvot ja asenteet vaikuttavat opiskeluun liittyviin motiiveihin, jotka taas edelleen vaikuttavat attribuuttien tärkeyteen, joiden perusteella opiskelija arvioi ja valitsee oppilaitoksen.

Effectiveness of the KiVa Antibullying Program

According to the participant role approach (Salmivalli, Lagerspetz, Björkqvist, Österman, & Kaukiainen, 1996), bullying is a group phenomenon that is largely enabled and maintained by the classmates taking on different participant roles (e.g., reinforcers or assistants of the bully). There is, however, very little evidence on whether the bystander behaviors actually have an effect on the risk for victimization. Furthermore, the participant role approach implies that the bystanders should be used in putting an end to bullying. This view has been put into practice in the KiVa antibullying program, but it has not yet been investigated whether the program is effective. Four studies were conducted to investigate, (a) whether the behaviors of bystanders have an effect on the risk for victimization (Study I) and (b) whether the KiVa program reduces bullying and victimization and has other beneficial effects as well (Studies II–IV). The participants included large samples of elementary and lower secondary school students (Grades 1–9) from Finland. The assessments were done with web-based questionnaires including questions about bullying and victimization (both self- and peer reports), and about several bullying-related constructs. The results of this thesis suggest that bystander behaviors in bullying situations may influence the risk for victimization of vulnerable students. Moreover, the results indicate that the KiVa antibullying program is effective in reducing victimization and bullying. The program effects are larger in elementary schools than in lower secondary schools, whereas in Grades 8 and 9, they are larger for boys than girls for some peer-reported outcomes. The magnitude of the overall effects can be considered practically significant when obtained in a large-scale dissemination of the program.

Information integration and its impacts on logistics performance - Using information technology and systems to facilitate information integration

Fast changing environment sets pressure on firms to share large amount of information with their customers and suppliers. The terms information integration and information sharing are essential for facilitating a smooth flow of information throughout the supply chain, and the terms are used interchangeably in research literature. By integrating and sharing information, firms want to improve their logistics performance. Firms share information with their suppliers and customers by using traditional communication methods (telephone, fax, Email, written and face-to-face contacts) and by using advanced or modern communication methods such as electronic data interchange (EDI), enterprise resource planning (ERP), web-based procurement systems, electronic trading systems and web portals. Adopting new ways of using IT is one important resource for staying competitive on the rapidly changing market (Saeed et al. 2005, 387), and an information system that provides people the information they need for performing their work, will support company performance (Boddy et al. 2005, 26). The purpose of this research has been to test and understand the relationship between information integration with key suppliers and/or customers and a firm’s logistics performance, especially when information technology (IT) and information systems (IS) are used for integrating information. Quantitative and qualitative research methods have been used to perform the research. Special attention has been paid to the scope, level and direction of information integration (Van Donk & van der Vaart 2005a). In addition, the four elements of integration (Jahre & Fabbe-Costes 2008) are closely tied to the frame of reference. The elements are integration of flows, integration of processes and activities, integration of information technologies and systems and integration of actors. The study found that information integration has a low positive relationship to operational performance and a medium positive relationship to strategic performance. The potential performance improvements found in this study vary from efficiency, delivery and quality improvements (operational) to profit, profitability or customer satisfaction improvements (strategic). The results indicate that although information integration has an impact on a firm’s logistics performance, all performance improvements have not been achieved. This study also found that the use of IT and IS have a mediocre positive relationship to information integration. Almost all case companies agreed on that the use of IT and IS could facilitate information integration and improve their logistics performance. The case companies felt that an implementation of a web portal or a data bank would benefit them - enhance their performance and increase information integration.

Benefits and challenges of supply chain finance business process automation : A case study in ING Bank

Supply chain finance, a financial product provided by the bank, has gained increasing attention and popularity over the last few years. Supply chain finance helps the corporate clients to optimize their financial flows along the supply chain. One characteristic of supply chain finance is that it aims to provide automated solutions. Therefore, the business process automation of supply chain finance is a very interesting and important topic for study. In this study, the business process automation of supply chain finance within the case organization, ING, is analysed. The purpose is to: (1) Identify the benefits to understand the importance to automate supply chain finance business process; (2) Find out the existing automation degree in the supply chain finance business process within the case bank to see what’s the situation now and how to improve in the future; (3) Discover the challenges in the further automation of supply chain finance business process. Firstly, the study finds out that supply chain finance business process automation can bring many benefits to the bank. Automation can improve productivity by using less time and human labour in the business process, and by providing scalable solutions. Automation can also improve quality of the service by reducing the human errors. Last but not least, automation can improve internal governance by providing enhanced visibility of the business process. Because of these potential benefits, many banks are actively seeking solutions to automate their supply chain finance business process. Then, the current automation situation with the case bank is analysed with the help of business process modelling. The supply chain finance business process within the case bank can be further divided into several sub processes: daily transaction, buyer sales and setup, supplier onboarding, contract management, customer services and supports, and contract termination. The study finds out that the daily transaction process is already a highly automated, which is carried out through the web-based trading platform. However, for other business the automation degree is relatively low. Among these business processes, supplier onboarding is most needed for further automation. Then, some solutions are also suggested to automate the supplier onboarding business process. In the end, the study also foresees some challenges during the further automation of supply chain finance business process in the case bank. Some suggestions are also given to deal with these challenges.

Työterveyshuolto ikääntyvän työntekijän työkyvyn tukijana

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kuvata, miten työterveyshuolto tukee nykyisellä toiminnallaan ikääntyvien (45–54-vuotiaat) työntekijöiden työkykyä ja mitä työkyvyn tukemiseen liittyviä odotuksia ikääntyvillä työntekijöillä on työterveyshuollolle. Tutkimuskysymykset olivat ”Miten ikääntyvän työntekijän mielestä työterveyshuolto tukee ikääntyvän työntekijän työkykyä?” ja ”Millaista tukea työkyvyn ylläpitämiseksi ikääntyvät työntekijät odottavat työterveyshuollolta?”. Tutkimuksen kohderyhmänä olivat pääkaupunkiseudulla toimivan yksityisen lääkäriasemaketjun yli 10 hengen asiakasyritysten ikääntyvät työntekijät, jotka tekevät toimistotyöhön rinnastettavaa työtä. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin sähköisellä kyselyllä kesäkuussa 2011. Tutkimukseen osallistui 21 yritystä, joissa oli ikääntyviä työntekijöitä yhteensä 422. Kyselyyn vastasi 93 työntekijää. Vastausprosentti oli 22. Aineisto analysoitiin tilastollisilla menetelmillä ja avoimien vastausten tuottama aineisto induktiivisella sisällön analyysillä. Työntekijöistä kaksi kolmasosaa oli samaa mieltä siitä, että työterveyshuollon palvelut yleisesti ottaen tukevat ikääntyvän työntekijän työkykyä. Kuitenkin työntekijöistä vain hieman yli yksi viidesosaa oli samaa mieltä siitä, että työterveyshuollon toimintatavat ikääntyvän työntekijän työkyvyn tukemiseksi ovat riittävät. Syitä sille, miksi työterveyshuollon toimintaa ei pidetty työkykyä tukevana, olivat riittämätön aktiivisuus ja seuranta, asiakasorganisaation tuntemuksen puute ja näkemys siitä, että työterveyshuollon vaikutusmahdollisuudet yrityksen sisäisissä asioissa ovat riittämättömät. Työterveyshuollon arvioitiin tukevan enemmän fyysistä kuin psyykkistä työkykyä. Työterveyshuollon eri toimintojen osa-alueista ikääntyvät työntekijät arvioivat työterveyshuollon ohjaus- ja neuvontatoiminnan ja sairaanhoidon tukevan eniten työkykyään. Työterveyshuollon yleisen toiminnan arvioitiin tukevan työkykyä toiseksi eniten. Jaksamisessa ja muutoksissa tukeminen ja kuntoutustoiminta arvioitiin työkykyä vähiten tukevaksi toiminnaksi. Työntekijät odottivat työterveyshuollon toiminnalta aktiivisuutta, toiminnan ja seurannan säännöllisyyttä ja yksilöllisyyden huomioimista. Keskeisinä osaalueina, joihin työterveyshuollon tulisi panostaa, pidettiin psyykkisen jaksamisen, terveellisten elämäntapojen ja fyysisen jaksamisen tukemista sekä terveystarkastuksia ja ryhmätoimintaa. Tutkimuksen tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää suunniteltaessa ja toteutettaessa työterveyshuollon ennaltaehkäisevää ikääntyville suunnattua pysyvän työkyvyn tukemiseen tähtäävää toimintaa. Tulokset auttavat suuntaamaan työterveyshuollon resurssit ja voimavarat oikeisiin kohteisiin.

Terveyskorttiprojektin kustannusvaikuttavuuden arviointi

Tämän kandidaatintyön lähtökohtana oli selvittää Helsingin kaupungin Terveysasemaosaston Terveyskorttiprojektin aikana toteutetun pilotin taloudellisuutta ja vaikuttavuutta rinnakkaispalveluna. Kirjallisuuskatsauksen tavoitteena oli selvittää millaisilla metodeilla kustannusvaikuttavuutta voidaan analysoida terveydenhuollossa. Lisäksi tavoitteena oli selvittää kyseisen projektin kustannusten suhdetta palvelun vaikuttavuuteen, eli muutoksiin asiakkaiden terveystottumuksissa. Keskeisimpiä kustannusvaikuttavuuden arviointimenetelmiä terveydenhuollossa ovat kustannusten minimointianalyysi (KMA), kustannus-hyötyanalyysi (KHA), kustannus-vaikuttavuusanalyysi (KVA) ja kustannus-utiliteettianalyysi (KUA). Käytännön päätöksenteon analyyttinen mallintaminen empirian- ja näyttöön perustuvan tiedon pohjalta osoittautui kirjallisuuskatsauksessa myös päteväksi tavaksi arvioida palveluiden vaikuttavuutta. Terveyskorttiprojektin suurimmat kustannussäästöt, verrattuna perinteiseen vastaanotto-malliin, muodostuivat verkkopalvelun seulontavaiheessa. Terveyden edistämisen osa-alueisiin painonhallinta, liikunta ja ravitsemus palvelu soveltui hyvin. Palvelun käytettävyyden kehittämishaasteiksi muodostuivat tulosten perusteella tekniset ongelmat, vuoro-vaikutuksen puute ja asiakkaan oman motivaation löytyminen.

International Students' Quality Expectations in Higher Education

The purpose of this research is to examine factors affecting international students’ service quality expectations in higher education. The aim is pursued by investigating the international students’ quality expectations and the role of price, culture and personal values in forming these expectations. The theoretical part of this research is centered on themes related to service quality, the nature of educational services, the process of forming quality expectations and the antecedents of service quality expectations. The empirical part of the research was conducted with a quantitative method and the data was collected by using a web based questionnaire. The sample consisted of 268 students who applied to international master’s degree programmes in Finland in the spring of 2012. The response rate was 24,1 %. The research results show that personal values and culture affect the international students’ quality expectations of educational services but that price is not significantly related to the quality expectations.

Biomolecular screening for inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase : identification and characterization using in vitro and in silico tools

Drug discovery is a continuous process where researchers are constantly trying to find new and better drugs for the treatment of various conditions. Alzheimer’s disease, a neurodegenerative disease mostly affecting the elderly, has a complex etiology with several possible drug targets. Some of these targets have been known for years while other new targets and theories have emerged more recently. Cholinesterase inhibitors are the major class of drugs currently used for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. In the Alzheimer’s disease brain there is a deficit of acetylcholine and an impairment in signal transmission. Acetylcholinesterase has therefore been the main target as this is the main enzyme hydrolysing acetylcholine and ending neurotransmission. It is believed that by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase the cholinergic signalling can be enhanced and the cognitive symptoms that arise in Alzheimer’s disease can be improved. Butyrylcholinesterase, the second enzyme of the cholinesterase family, has more recently attracted interest among researchers. Its function is still not fully known, but it is believed to play a role in several diseases, one of them being Alzheimer’s disease. In this contribution the aim has primarily been to identify butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors to be used as drug molecules or molecular probes in the future. Both synthetic and natural compounds in diverse and targeted screening libraries have been used for this purpose. The active compounds have been further characterized regarding their potencies, cytotoxicity, and furthermore, in two of the publications, the inhibitors ability to also inhibit Aβ aggregation in an attempt to discover bifunctional compounds. Further, in silico methods were used to evaluate the binding position of the active compounds with the enzyme targets. Mostly to differentiate between the selectivity towards acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, but also to assess the structural features required for enzyme inhibition. We also evaluated the compounds, active and non-active, in chemical space using the web-based tool ChemGPS-NP to try and determine the relevant chemical space occupied by cholinesterase inhibitors. In this study, we have succeeded in finding potent butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors with a diverse set of structures, nine chemical classes in total. In addition, some of the compounds are bifunctional as they also inhibit Aβ aggregation. The data gathered from all publications regarding the chemical space occupied by butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors we believe will give an insight into the chemically active space occupied by this type of inhibitors and will hopefully facilitate future screening and result in an even deeper knowledge of butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors.