Thiazolides promote apoptosis in colorectal tumor cells via MAP kinase-induced Bim and Puma activation

While many anticancer therapies aim to target the death of tumor cells, sophisticated resistance mechanisms in the tumor cells prevent cell death induction. In particular enzymes of the glutathion-S-transferase (GST) family represent a well-known detoxification mechanism, which limit the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs in tumor cells. Specifically, GST of the class P1 (GSTP1-1) is overexpressed in colorectal tumor cells and renders them resistant to various drugs. Thus, GSTP1-1 has become an important therapeutic target. We have recently shown that thiazolides, a novel class of anti-infectious drugs, induce apoptosis in colorectal tumor cells in a GSTP1-1-dependent manner, thereby bypassing this GSTP1-1-mediated drug resistance. In this study we investigated in detail the underlying mechanism of thiazolide-induced apoptosis induction in colorectal tumor cells. Thiazolides induce the activation of p38 and Jun kinase, which is required for thiazolide-induced cell death. Activation of these MAP kinases results in increased expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homologs Bim and Puma, which inducibly bind and sequester Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL leading to the induction of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Of interest, while an increase in intracellular glutathione levels resulted in increased resistance to cisplatin, it sensitized colorectal tumor cells to thiazolide-induced apoptosis by promoting increased Jun kinase activation and Bim induction. Thus, thiazolides may represent an interesting novel class of anti-tumor agents by specifically targeting tumor resistance mechanisms, such as GSTP1-1.

Some notes on the use of Hebrew type in Non-Hebrew books, 1475 - 1520

by Alexander Marx

Das Complot vom 13. Juni 1849 oder der letzte Sieg der Bourgeoisie in Frankreich : ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Gegenwart

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Kommentierung des gescheiterten Versuchs des Politikers Ledru-Rollin, die französische Nationalversammlung mittels Massendemonstrationen zum Abbruch der (gegenrevolutionären) Intervention Frankreichs im Kirchenstaat zu zwingen. Im Londoner Exil verfaßt und Karl Marx gewidmet von dem damaligen 'Redacteur-Stenographen' der Nationalversammlung Seiler. Samt Abdruck von 9 "Liedern" (Gedichten) aus dem La Force-Gefängnis in Paris

Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Wharton's Jelly and Amniotic Fluid

The discovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in perinatal sources, such as the amniotic fluid (AF) and the umbilical connective tissue, the so-called Wharton's jelly (WJ), has transformed them into promising stem cell grafts for the application in regenerative medicine. The advantages of AF-MSCs and WJ-MSCs over adult MSCs, such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), include their minimally invasive isolation procedure, their more primitive cell character without being tumourigenic, their low immunogenicity and their potential autologous application in congenital disorders and when cryopreserved in adulthood. This chapter gives an overview of the biology of AF-MSCs and WJMSCs, and their regenerative potential based on the results of recent preclinical and clinical studies. In the end, open questions concerning the use of WJ-MSCs and AF-MSCs in regenerative medicine will be emphasized.

Kundmachung: Der Gemeinderath der Residenzstadt Wien beeilt sich im Auftrage des löbl. k. k. Militär-Ober-Commando's Folgendes zur öffentlichen Kenntniß und genauer Beachtung zu bringen ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Der Verkehr zwischen der Innenstadt und den Vorstädten Wiens sowie "in und aus den Linien" ist nur an ausgewählten Punkten und gegen Vorlage von Passierscheinen gestattet. (Die 'Linien' waren ein rund 13 km langer Stadtwall, der die Innenstadt vom Donaukanal bei St. Marx bis zur Vorstadt Lichtental umgab)

Thesaurus typographiae hebraicae saeculi XV

Ursrpünglich in 8 Lieferungen (1924-1931) erschienen, eingeteilt in 3 Gruppen: A. Italien. B. Iberische Halbinsel. C. Türkei

Dem israelitischen Verein für Ferienkolonien und zur Bekleidung von Schulkindern

Rosa Marx

Learning about Self Far From Home: A Pre-service Teacher’s Intercultural Development During an International Program

Preparing teachers to effectively teach culturally diverse students, teacher educators advocate for the use of cross-cultural field experiences, including international study abroad programs. This paper reports on a qualitative case study of two pre-service teachers’ intercultural development during a semester-long teacher education study abroad program in London, England. Findings indicate that international experiences provide a catalyst to move pre-service teachers forward in their intercultural development. Implications include the need for multicultural teacher educators to take a developmental approach to pre-service teacher education informed by theories of intercultural development and cultural learning developed within intercultural communications.

Zu I. Groß' Artikel "Rochade und Notation bei Ibn Esra" [Nachricht] : M.G.W.J., Bd. 65, S. 365-69

Alexander Marx

Kritische Bemerkungen zur Rassenhygiene

Alfred Marx

"Jeremias Trauer" von Rembrandt : (Gedicht)

Hilde Marx

Einem Dichter : (Gedicht)

Ludwig Marx