Complexos de estudo: investigando um experimento de currículo em uma escola de assentamento do MST no Paraná

The Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST) from its educational process and the path taken in education, started in the year 2013, with an experimental curricular proposal by Complexes of study the School Base and the Itinerant Schools, the MST, in Paraná state. For the construction of this proposed curriculum, the movement takes the historical background and the experience of the original foundations of the single school of labor started by the working class in revolutionary Soviet period as a training proposal and school organization that comes close to the creation of collective subjects, fighters and builders of a new society and sociopolitical objectives to this social movement. The Soviet experiment reference required a work of a critical appropriation for the Brazilian context. The curriculum prescription, called Study Plan, in its introduction, includes elements of design fundamentals like: the Education Eesign and Training Matrix; Matrix detailing: School and Life, School and Labor Formative Matrix, School and Social Struggle Formative Matrix, School and Collective Organization Formative Matrix, School and Culture Formative Matrix and School and History Formative Matrix; general school guidelines: a pedagogical function of the environment, the school's political organization, school times, specific methodological aspects, sequencing and duration of Complexes of Study and the evaluation process. The Study Plan contemplates the complexes, the disciplines, the portions of reality / practice categories present in complexes, organized by semester and year, i. e., from 6th to 9th grade in elementary school. Given the the presented context, this research aims to analyze the process of testing the proposed curriculum for the Complexes of Study in Primary School of Iraci Salette Strozak State School, located in the Marcos Freire Settlement, in Rio Bonito do Iguaçu in Paraná state. As a methodological approach, we chose the qualitative approach and analysis were conducted under the Marxism perspective. Library research and field research, semi-structured interviews and analysis of documents generated in the process of construction of the proposal were made.Initially, in this paper, we discus about the path followed by the MST in the fight for schools and public education; highlighting elements of the process which led to the understanding, by the Movement, of which only the struggle for land is not enough for the realization of Agrarian Reform. Then discuss whether some elements of Pedagogy of the Movement, the concept of education and the goals for education that Social Movement, the training matrices and the potential to transform the school from a pedagogical proposal that has these elements as guiding. They present also the original foundations of Complexes Study in its historical origin and design. Is discussed about the changes and curriculum innovations, curriculum as schooling as social reproduction and presents the structure of Curriculum Proposal by Complex of Study. Forth, it is shown how the experiment occurred in basis School Iraci Salette Strozak. At this point, we propose a dialogue on the transformations in the organization of pedagogical work, discussing the elements of the proposal that are being experienced and the changes already perceived. Still, we address the issue of formation of educators and also elements relating to the challenges andadvancements encountered by the school in this area, and possible implications for the experiment.

Síntese, caracterização e reatividade de complexos organoestânicos contendo bases de Schiff derivadas de aminoácidos com carbonilas de Mo. W e Re

Tese (doutorado)–Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 2015.

Produção de enzimas quitosanolíticas utilizando Paenibacillus ehimensis e Paenibacillus chitinolyticus para obtenção de quitoologossacarídeos

The acquisition of oligosaccharides from chitosan has been the subject of several studies in the pharmaceutical, biochemical, food and medical due to functional properties of these compounds. This study aimed to boost its production of chitooligosaccharides (COS) through the optimization of production and characterization of chitosanolytic enzymes secreted by microorganisms Paenibacillus chitinolyticus and Paenibacillus ehimensis, and evaluating the antioxidant potential of the products obtained. In the process of optimizing the production of chitosanase were employed strategies Fractional Factorial Experimental Design and Central Composite Rotatable Design. The results identified the chitosan, peptone and yeast extract as the components that influenced the production of chitosanase by these microorganisms. With the optimization of the culture media was possible to obtain an increase of approximately 8.1 times (from 0.043 to 0.35 U.mL U.mL-1) and 7.6 times (from 0.08 U.mL-1 to 0.61 U.mL-1) in the enzymatic activity of chitosanase produced by P. chitinolyticus and P. ehimensis respectively. Enzyme complexes showed high stability in temperature ranges between 30º and 55º C and pH between 5.0 and 9.0. Has seen the share of organic solvents, divalent ions and other chemical agents on the activity of these enzymes, demonstrating high stability of these crude complexes and dependence of Mn2+. The COS generated showed the ability of DPPH radical scavenging activity, reaching a maximum rate of scavenging of 61% and 39% when they were produced with enzymes of P. ehimensis and P. chitinolyticus respectively. The use of these enzymes in raw form might facilitate its use for industrial applications

Análise de compostos orgânicos voláteis (BTEX) no ar da Cidade de Évora

A poluição atmosférica é um dos principais factores de degradação da qualidade de vida da população. O conjunto BTEX (benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xilenos) constitui o grupo mais importante dos compostos orgânicos voláteis (VOCs) na atmosfera uma vez que participam na química da atmosfera e constituem um perigo para a saúde, nomeadamente o benzeno, por ser altamente cancerígeno. São maioritariamente libertados pelo tráfego automóvel. Neste trabalho foi determinada a concentração dos BTEX em nove pontos da cidade de Évora no período de 21 Março a 1 de Julho de 2009 tendo-se recorrido à técnica de amostragem passiva, com amostradores Radiello™, seguida de desadsorção líquida, usando CS2, e subsequente análise por GC-MS. A concentração de benzeno no ar da cidade de Évora não excedeu o valor legislado de 5 g/m3 neste período de amostragem, sendo as concentrações obtidas para os poluentes em geral muito baixas e na sua maioria inferiores ao LOQ do método analítico. ABSTRACT; Air pollution is the major factor in the degradation of the population quality of life. BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) is the most important group of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere because of their role in atmospheric chemistry and the risk they posed to human health, with benzene, being a highly carcinogenic compound. BTEX are released mainly by road traffic. Concentrations of BTEX were determined at nine sampling points in the city of Évora in the period from 21 March to 1 July 2009, using passive samplers Radiello™, followed by liquid desorption with CS2, and subsequent analysis by GC-MS. During the sampling period, the concentration of benzene in the outdoor air of Évora city did not exceed 5 g/m3, the maximum value admissible by legislation. The concentrations measured of the other pollutants were, in general, very low and mostly below the LOQ of the analytical method.

O mercado de alimentos orgânicos da Região Metropolitana de Campinas-SP.

Considerando que o mercado é um espaço de construção social, o objetivo principal deste artigo é o de compreender a diversidade da comercialização de produtos de base ecológica, identificando as redes organizacionais da Região Metropolitana de Campinas, através de pesquisa bibliográfica, visitas exploratórias e entrevistas abertas nos principais pontos de vendas de alimentos orgânicos. Caracterizamos o mercado de venda indireta (varejo das redes de supermercados internacionais, nacionais e lojas especializadas) e o de venda direta (feiras-livres entregas em domicilio e grupo de consumidores). Embora atualmente a rede varejista desempenhe um papel importante na divulgação da produção orgânica, as vendas diretas, ainda com pequena expressão, são oportunidades para o agricultor familiar e para as organizações coletivas locais, atenderem às demandas do consumidor.

Análise do risco de lixiviação de poluentes orgânicos de lodos de esgotos em cultivos de milho.

Por hipótese, o uso de lodos de esgotos como fertilizantes agrícolas pode contaminar solos e águas subterrâneas com poluentes orgânicos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar o risco de lixiviação de trinta e oito poluentes orgânicos de lodos de esgotos. Para tanto, foi assumido um cultivo de milho em um solo Latossolo vermelho distrófico, característico de solos de regiões produtoras de milho, no qual foi aplicada uma dose de lodo de esgotos como fertilizante agrícola. A lixiviação dos poluentes foi simulada utilizando-se o modelo CMLS94 e os dados climáticos de mil anos independentes e igualmente prováveis gerados pelo simulador de clima WGEN, a partir de uma seqüência de quatorze anos consecutivos observados e registrados pela Estação Experimental do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas - IAC. A análise de risco indicou que os poluentes benzidina > n-nitrosodi-n-propilamina > fenol > 2,4-dinitrofenol > isoforano > nitrobenzeno > p-cresol > o-cresol > m-cresol > 2- clorofenol, nessa ordem, devem ser monitorados prioritariamente em águas subterrâneas de regiões de solos similares a Latossolo vermelho distrófico nos quais foram aplicados doses de lodo.

Combustión catalítica de compuestos orgánicos volátiles clorados

The combustion of chlorinated volatil organic compounds (VOCs) over the perovskites LaFeO3 and La0.9MnO3 catalysts were investigated by employing a monolithic reactor. The two catalysts were individuated from a preliminary screening to test the stability and the influence of nonstoichiometry; a dip coating technique for supporting powder catalyst; was developed and the prepared catalysts were tested in a monolithic reactor. It was studied the catalytic activity of different loadings of perovskite supported on the monolith and was compared the highest loadings with a commercial catalyst, the perovskites resulted efficient catalysts for combustion of aromatic and chlorinated VOCs.

Metales activados de Rieke: parte II; síntesis de Zn*, Cu*, Al*, In* y Ni* y de compuestos orgánicos y organometálicos

En este artículo de la revisión se describen las diferentes rutas para la formación de metales activados de Reike, en particular Zn*, Cu*' Al*, In* y Ni*. Se describe también la síntesisde compuestos orgánicos y organometálicos obtenidos mediante estos metales.

Otimização do processo de síntese do aluminato de cobalto via método de polimerização de complexos (MPC) através do planejamento fatorial fracionado

In the ceramics industry are becoming more predominantly inorganic nature pigments. Studies in this area allow you to develop pigments with more advanced properties and qualities to be used in the industrial context. Studies on synthesis and characterization of cobalt aluminate has been widely researched, cobalt aluminate behavior at different temperatures of calcinations, highlighting especially the temperatures of 700, 800 and 900° C that served as a basis in the development of this study, using the method of polymerization of complex (CPM), economic, and this method applied in ceramic pigment synthesis. The procedure was developed from a fractional factorial design 2 (5-2) in order to optimize the process of realization of the cobalt aluminate (CoAl2O4), having as response surfaces the batch analysis data of Uv-vis spectroscopy conducted from the statistic software 7.0, for this were chosen five factors as input variables: citric acid (stoichiometric manner), puff or pyrolysis time (h), temperature (° C), and calcinations (° C/min), at levels determined for this study. By applying statistics in the process of obtaining the CoAl2O4 is possible the study of these factors and which may have greater influence in getting the synthesis. The pigments characterized TG/DSC analyses, and x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDS) in order to establish the structural and morphological aspects of pigment CoAl2O4, among the factors studied it were found to statically with increasing calcinations temperature 700°< 800 <900 °C, the bands of Uv-vis decrease with increasing intensity of absorbance and that with increasing time of puff or pyrolysis (h) there is an increase in bands of Uv-vis proportionally, the generated model set for the conditions proposed in this study because the coefficient of determination can explain about 99.9% of the variance (R²), response surfaces generated were satisfactory, so it s possible applicability in the ceramics industry of pigments

Alterações na fertilidade em solos tratados com resíduos orgânicos.

2015

Potencialidade de correctivos orgânicos/inorgânicos na recuperação de escombreiras, de gossan e ricas em sulfuretos e desenvolvimento de Cistus ladanifer e Lavandula pedunculata para a exploração de bioextractos vegetais

Doutoramento em Engenharia do Ambiente - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL